Respond to the post bellow, using one or more of the following approaches: Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence. Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from  the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden  Library. Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources. Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from the readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.                                       Data Collection  Data  collection methods vary greatly depending on the research question and  the type of participants, regardless of chosen methodology, data  collection must be rigorously executed to produce high-quality data.  Similarly, instruments to collect data must provide accurate, concise,  and provide quantifiable data from which clinical meaning can be  extrapolated and subsequently applied to effect improvements in  practice. In this case, research aims to assess patient satisfaction,  from the patient’s perspective. Polit & Beck (2017), report that  structured self-report instruments are widely used by nurse researchers,  and are typically formatted as either questionnaires or interviews.  Surveys provide several advantages. In comparison to interviews, they  are cost-effective, maintain the anonymity of respondents, mitigate  interviewer bias, and can be easily administered using computer  technology. Disadvantages to surveys include low response rates;  typically around 50%, exclusion of certain populations such as the  elderly and children, questions may lack depth, or be ambiguous or  confusing causing respondents to skip them altogether (Polit & Beck,  2017) Survey Instrument  Low  response rate remains a primary barrier in survey administration and  efficacy. However, when surveys are personally distributed in a  particular setting, in this case, the primary care clinic, response  rates are significantly higher. Moreover, the personal nature of a  survey tool being directly distributed to respondents has a positive  effect on participants (Polit & Beck, 2017). Keough and Tanabe  (2011) contend that although the data collected through surveys is not  as scientific as data obtained through experimentation, it is  nonetheless important and informs nursing practice. Because the clinic  is interested specifically interested in understanding the patients’  point of view, I assert that a self-report survey tool should be  designed using a Likert-type rating scale. The range of responses  available to the participants provides greater insight compared to a  simple closed-ended question. Moreover, rating scales are easy to  complete and are also efficient. However, because people may  misunderstand the concept of the Likert Scale, instructions and  statements should be clear and c ...

1. Respond
to the post bellow, using one or more of the following
approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional
background information, and evidence.
Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings,
synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings
from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in
the Walden Library.
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional
sources.
Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from the
readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Data Collection
Data collection methods vary greatly depending on the research
question and the type of participants, regardless of chosen
methodology, data collection must be rigorously executed to
produce high-quality data. Similarly, instruments to collect
data must provide accurate, concise, and provide quantifiable

2. data from which clinical meaning can be extrapolated and
subsequently applied to effect improvements in practice. In this
case, research aims to assess patient satisfaction, from the
patient’s perspective. Polit & Beck (2017), report that
structured self-report instruments are widely used by nurse
researchers, and are typically formatted as either questionnaires
or interviews. Surveys provide several advantages. In
comparison to interviews, they are cost-effective, maintain the
anonymity of respondents, mitigate interviewer bias, and can
be easily administered using computer technology.
Disadvantages to surveys include low response rates; typically
around 50%, exclusion of certain populations such as the
elderly and children, questions may lack depth, or be
ambiguous or confusing causing respondents to skip them
altogether (Polit & Beck, 2017)
Survey Instrument
Low response rate remains a primary barrier in survey
administration and efficacy. However, when surveys are
personally distributed in a particular setting, in this case, the
primary care clinic, response rates are significantly higher.
Moreover, the personal nature of a survey tool being directly
distributed to respondents has a positive effect on participants
(Polit & Beck, 2017). Keough and Tanabe (2011) contend that
although the data collected through surveys is not as scientific
as data obtained through experimentation, it is nonetheless
important and informs nursing practice. Because the clinic is
interested specifically interested in understanding the patients’
point of view, I assert that a self-report survey tool should be
designed using a Likert-type rating scale. The range of
responses available to the participants provides greater insight
compared to a simple closed-ended question. Moreover, rating
scales are easy to complete and are also efficient. However,
because people may misunderstand the concept of the Likert
Scale, instructions and statements should be clear and concise

3. (Polit & Beck, 2017).
Sampling Methodology and Participant Selection
I would employ a consecutive sampling methodology;
this includes recruiting all accessible and eligible participants
over a pre-determined time-period (Polit & Beck, 2017). There
is no specific formula for sample size. Martínez-Mesa, Bastos,
Bonamigo, and Duquia (2014) assert that sample size can be
thought of in tiers. The largest tier represents the entire
population; in this case, 10,000 patients. The target population
is the portion of the total population who are of interest to the
study. In this case, we would exclude very small children or
patients who are cognitively impaired. Finally, the study
population includes those who will be included in the research
(Martínez-Mesa, Bastos, Bonamigo, & Duquia, 2014).
To optimize response rates, and to increase validity and
reliability, the survey will be administered in quarterly
increments over a year. Therefore, the target population will be
all 10,000 patients. Of the target population, it would be
reasonable to assume that some patients will not want to fill
out the questionnaire and that others will be excluded. The
study population will aim to include 7,500 patients. All eligible
participants will be asked to fill out a paper and pencil, self-
administered, survey when they check into the clinic for an
appointment. This will allow adequate time for participants to
complete the survey before seeing their provider. Results will
be calculated every quarter and once at the end of the year for
comparison. This schedule will facilitate detection of variations
in patient satisfaction throughout the year, and help to identify
specific variables such as inadequate staffing that contributed
to the results.
Survey Questions

4. Participants will be asked to rate declarative statements using
will be using the Likert rating scale. A bipolar continuum will
assess varying degrees of satisfaction to the statements
regarding patient satisfaction. The participants will be asked to
rate the following items:
1.) 1. Convenience of office hours:
o Excellent
o Very Good
o Good
o Fair
o Poor
2.) 2. Ease of making an appointment:
o Excellent
o Very Good
o Good
o Fair
o Poor
3.) 3. Promptness in seeing your provider:
o Excellent
o Very Good

5. o Good
o Fair
o Poor
4.) 4. Friendliness of staff:
o Excellent
o Very Good
o Good
o Fair
o Poor
5.) 5. Clarity of medical instructions provided:
o Excellent
o Very Good
o Good
o Fair
o Poor
6.) 6. Overall comfort of the office:
o Excellent
o Very Good

6. o Good
o Fair
o Poor
7.) 7. Help provided understanding insurance coverage:
o Excellent
o Very Good
o Good
o Fair
o Poor
8.) 8. Answers provided to address questions:
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
9. My overall satisfaction is:
Excellent

7. Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
10. Likeliness to recommend the clinic to others:
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
The statements are brief, clear, and each statement identifies
just one issue. The rating scale is reflective of satisfaction
rather than agreement or importance.
Reliability and Validity
With regard to validity, it is important to consider the content
of the survey. Items should be relevant, comprehensive, and
balanced (Polit & Beck, 2017). I believe the statements chosen
address the components of content validity. Internal validity of
the survey tool is enhanced through content validity and further
enhanced by the anonymous nature of the self-administered

8. survey tool provided by office personnel. The external validity
is strengthened by the size of the study population, and the
quarterly implementation which provides data for comparison.
The quarterly administration schedule will also provide
statistical validity.
Reliability concerns consistency over time (Polit & Beck,
2017). This can be challenging when measuring patient
satisfaction. Patients may be more or less satisfied from day to
day. Test reliability occurs with the “administration of the
same measure to the same people on two occasions” (Polit &
Beck, p. 303, 2017). Internal consistency occurs when the same
person provides the same results (Polit & Beck, 2017). Because
participants will visit the clinic multiple times during the year,
they will fill out the survey more than once, thereby
strengthening test reliability and internal consistency. If a
sample is homogenous, reliability is decreased (Polit & Beck,
2017). This survey will be administered to a diverse group,
increasing reliability. Because patient satisfaction is an
essential quality metric, its importance should not be
underestimated. The utilization of a self-administered survey
tool on a rolling quarterly basis is cost-effective and reliable.
References
Keough, V., & Tanabe, P. (2011). Survey research: An effective
design for conducting nursing Research.
Journal of Nursing Regulation,1
(4), 37-44. Retrieved from
https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/20195
0_27/MS_NURS/NURS_5052/readings/USW1_NURS_5052_Ke
ough 2011.pdf.
Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Bastos, J. L.,
Bonamigo, R. R., & Duquia, R. P. (2014). Sample size: how
many participants do I need in my research?.

9. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia
,
89
(4), 609–615. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143705
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for nursing
practice
. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.