Globalization Is The Cause Of Overpopulation In Puerto Rico

Globalization Is The Cause Of Overpopulation In Puerto Rico
Bethly Abreu
HIST 3005
Fall 2015: Final Paper
Globalization is the Cause of "Overpopulation" The notion of globalization dates back to the early modern period, this practice of globalization consists
of the international development facilities, influences, and operations. With time the practice of globalization evolved into Imperialism, which is the
practice of forcefully implementing a country's power and influence over other countries, and transforming them into colonies. This act of colonization
began when countries desired to increase their supply of raw materials in order to maximize the greatest good. A country in particular who has
faithfully practiced the policy of imperialism is the United States. The United States has imperialized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United states has done this many times, and as a result commonwealths such as Puerto Rico encountered many injustices. Injustices such as
forced sterilization, and "Operation Boot Strap." These injustices were a result of misconstrued views on the cause of Puerto Rico's economic issues.
As an "effort" to fix the overpopulation problem; which in actuality was a Eugenics ploy, sterilization was introduced in Puerto Rico, as well as
"Operation Bootstrap". These events led to the creation of a Eugenics Board ,which believed that women who are "unfit" should not reproduce
offspring. This board and association is responsible for the many sterilizations of Puerto Rican women, "between the years 1944 and 1946 over a
thousand women were already sterilized" (Perez 42). The importance behind understanding how globalization led to the creation of unjust policies
mandated by political leader of Puerto Rico during the twentieth century is immense because it resulted in a great amount of injustices and tragedy
amongst Puerto
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Puerto Rico Essay
Puerto Rico is an island located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, which is an unincorporated territory of the United States. The islands of Puerto
Rico were acquired by the United States in 1898, where Spain ceded the islands to the U.S.
In 1917, the Jones Act declared Puerto Rico to be an "organized but incorporated" territory of the United States, and granted US citizenship to all the
residents who wanted it. An "unincorporated territory", according to the US Supreme Court Insular Cases, of the Unites States is 'a territory
appurtenant and belonging to the United States, but not a part of the United States'. [Lawson p.1124] Since 1952, Puerto Rico, by mutual consent of its
people and the United States government, has been a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[FalcГіn p.28]
During the 110th Congress, three bills concerning Puerto Rico's political status were introduced. There was the H.R. 900, which would have sanctioned
a plebiscite. In the plebiscite, the citizens of Puerto Rico would have voted on whether they wanted to continue the status quo or proceeding toward
non–territorial status. The second bill was the H.R. 1230, which would have endorsed a constitutional convention and referendum in Puerto Rico to
reflect on status options. There was a meeting held for these two bills in October 2007, by the House Natural Resources Committee. The committee
favored an amended version of HR 900, with an intermingling of the two House bills. In August, another House bill was introduced, the S.1936, which
proposed a single plebiscite in which the voters would choose between the options of continuing the status quo, acquiring an status of independence or
statehood. [Bea p.9–10]
In the 111th Congress, another House Bill was introduced, that concerned the political status of Puerto Rico, the H.R. 2499. H.R. 2499 would permit a
two–stage plebiscite in Puerto Rico to reconsider the status issue. This bill was similar to H.R. 900, the only difference being that the 111th Congress
legislation would frame the plebiscite questions

The Exploitation of Puerto Rico by the United States Essay
The Exploitation of Puerto Rico by the United States
Puerto Rico has had a long history of dependency. Puerto Rico was first colonized by Spain until the Spanish American war, which resulted in the
colonization by the United States in 1898. While Spain was in the process of devising an agreement with Puerto Rico that would grant the island
autonomy, the invasion of the United States ended any plans that would grant this reprise (Figueroa, 11/19/98). The U.S. decided to partake in this
colonial expansion because Puerto Rico had tremendous potential for investment and commerce as well as being geo–politically strategic. The U.S. had
intentions to take Spain and its influence out of the western–hemisphere. In 1917 Puerto Ricans were granted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A significant number of islanders are pro–statehood. However statehood would not ensure economic, political, or cultural equality. Puerto Rico may
risk the loss of their native language and face assimilation into the American society that is known for their homogeneity. The likelihood of Puerto Rico
becoming a state is based solely on the U.S. economic interest. Statehood would mean the end of the many tax allowances and exemptions that
American investors have been granted.
Independence is a status that the U.S. would only allow for Puerto Rico to attain if it is in their economic interest. Until then Puerto Rico's fate will be
at the hands of the United States despite the pro–independence movements that have been going on for years. First, the U.S. has very strategically
placed military bases in Puerto Rico that the Defense Department will not give up even if Puerto Rico gains independence. Even if the United States
would grant Puerto Rico independence the island is too dependent economically to be able to sustain their own economy.
The multi–national corporations that exist in Puerto Rico have invested in the island with the incentive of tax exemptions. Independence may alter that
convenience and therefore multi–national corporations are against the independence movement. Even if Puerto Rico gains "independence" from the
U.S. it will still not be true independence. The U.S. will

Homicide in Puerto Rico
Sheila M. Kiger SOC–291 Sept. 2011 Homicide in Puerto Rico Table of Contents Abstract 3 History 4 Comparison of violent crime in Puerto Rico
and the mainland 5 Comparison of Homicide Rates Between Puerto Rico and the Mainland 6 Figure 1 7 Lethality of Aggravated Assault in Puerto
Rico and the Mainland... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For all these crimes, and for others not discussed here (e.g., youth violence; VГ©lez, 2003), Puerto Rico saw a decline after the early 1990s.
Homicide. During 1980–2005, the mean annual rate of homicide in Puerto Rico always surpassed the mean annual rate of homicide on the mainland.
During 1980–2005, the mainland had an average annual homicide rate of 8 victims/100,000 residents, whereas Puerto Rico had an annual homicide
rate of 19 victims/100,000 residents. During 1980–2005, homicide on the mainland declined by an average of 2.36%/year, whereas homicide in Puerto
Rico increased by an average of 1.32%/year. During 1990–2005, homicide on the mainland declined by 4.64%/year; in Puerto Rico the improvement
was smaller (1.29%/year), started later (1995), was temporary, and rose again in 2000. Because homicide is "the most accurately measured and most
serious crime" (Levitt, 2004, p. 165; Boyum et al., 1996), Puerto Rico's high rate of homicide and its more modest improvement during 1990–2005
deserve further analysis Comparison of Homicide Rates Between Puerto Rico and the Mainland In Figure 1, which draws on FBI statistics, I compare
mean annual rates of homicide/100,000 residents for Puerto Rico and for the states of Florida, Mississippi, and New York during 1999–2005. Figure 1
confirms the analysis presented earlier. Puerto Rico's average annual

Description Of Puerto Rico
The University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez (UPRM) was founded in 1911 and received full accreditation in 1946. Located in the tropical climate of
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, it is the only Hispanic sea–grant and land–grant institution within the United States.The native language of Puerto Rico is
Spanish; however, the campus is bilingual and offers instruction in both English and Spanish. The university is known to Spanish–speakers as Recinto
Universitario de Mayaguez (RUM), and affectionately known as "El Colegio" by students and faculty.
Situated on approximately 300 acres, the campus has a variety of gardens, agricultural research fields, and space for athletics. UPRM enrolls a
medium–sized coed student body of over 12,000 students and has an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the notable alumni include Adolfo Figueroa–Vinas, the first Puerto Rican astrophysicist at NSASA; Enectali Figueroa–Feliciano, the pioneer
of position–sensitive detectors and NASA astrophysicist; Jorge N. Amely Velez, innovator and holder of numerous patents in medical technology; and
Mercedes Reaves, the designer of viable full–scale solar sails for NASA.
The campus of UPMR provides a small city environment and has many features for students to enjoy. While there are no housing facilities on campus,
the university assists students with off–campus housing options within walking distance to the school. There are more than 100 different student
organizations on campus that range from arts to journalism, and student government to sports. Several fraternities and sororities are part of campus
life; although, due to local laws restricting fraternities in residential areas, only a small number of fraternities own their own

Spanish Colonialism on the History of Puerto Rican People...
Spanish Colonialism on the History of Puerto Rican People
"Puerto Rico". The name immediately brings to mind images of a beautiful lush tropical island of enchantment. The name "Puerto Rico" usually does
not conjure the image of Taino Indians or African slaves, yet these populations havegreat importance in laying the foundation for the notion of identity
of Puerto Ricans. In contemporary debates of Puerto Rican identity, it is essential to examine the history of the island to determine the effects of
Spanish colonialism on Puerto Rican identity. As he demonstrates in his article "Puerto Rico: the Four–Storeyed Country", Jose L. Gonzalez discusses
the notion of identity as a series of storeys, one built upon another in order further ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
17). The island's discovery did not lead to a quick occupation, though. Juan Ponce de Leon, in search of gold, made the first effort to settle on the
island in 1508. In the next twenty years, the Taino population became decimated while forced to labor in prospecting gold, a phase that ended in this
time, succumbing to disease and a breakdown in their social network.
An important implication of this initial occupation of the island by Spaniards is the imposition of the Spanish language. Because the Taino population
could be counted in small amounts and Spanish had established their presence on the island by instilling their language as the only accepted language,
in the name of Spain, a first storey was constructed in the notion of identity of the Puerto Rican. The Tainos had been moved out and taken over, the
Spanish had moved in and started to let their culture infiltrate into that of the Taino, and now things were changing.
Because the gold rush on the island lost its surge, the Spanish turned its attention to the agricultural success they could have with the island. However,
as a result of their occupation, they lacked the labor force to effectively move an agricultural economy. In order to replenish the population and create
a strong labor force, the Spanish took part in what others around Puerto Rico had begun to do, import cheap labor, namely African slaves. As the profit
grew from cash crops– sugar emerging as the most

Essay about Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico What's a common location that comes up in discussion when someone thinks of a destination to get away from all the hustle and bustle
of the Main land of the United States? Normally Puerto Rico isn't too far away from conversation. Puerto Rico is a beautiful place with the perfect
climate and many historical sites to take that getaway that you have always wanted. Today we will discuss major issues in/ofPuerto Rico, the
significance of this research and data sources, and lastly I will describe the data collected and research found during my inquiry on the region known
as Puerto Rico Officially known as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States of America
situated in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is instead the leader's fault. Different from the United States Puerto Rico does not have state powers, simply because it is not a state. These
powers include lack of voting representation in either House of Congress, the only delegate to the congress is the Resident Commissioner who is
elected to represent the people, but does not have a vote for the final passage of congressional legislation. Another major, and widely covered issue
with the territory of Puerto Rico is the drug and crime violence sweeping the region. According to the Puerto Rico Police Department, 63% of the 744
murders on the island during 2001 were related to drug distribution activities. Also 70–80% of homicides involving firearms are attributed to
disagreements over drugs and turf. Common and easy to obtain drugs include; cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. Also keep in mind that drugs such as
heroin and cocaine are not cheap at all, so how do you expect addicts to afford to use them, that is right crime. Puerto Rico is situated in the middle of
three trans– Caribbean smuggling routes. While Dominican traffickers control the shipment of cocaine and marijuana from Puerto Rico to the United
States Caribbean nations also serve as offshore banking centers used for money laundering and income tax evasion. Also its constant flights to and from
The

Puerto Rico And The American Dream: Case Study
Myrmarie Graw–Gonzalez is a Professor of the Social Science Department of the Gateway High School at the Osceola County School District, in
Kissimmee, Florida. She has received her Masters of Arts in History with the distinction award of Cum Laude, from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio
Piedras Campus. Her dissertation is entitled "Puerto Rico and the American Dream: A closer connection to the suburban: Case study of Levittown, Toa
Baja, Puerto Rico". Ms. Graw–Gonzalez has taught at the Junior High and High School levels as a Social Studies teacher. Additionally, she acted as a
long–term substitute in the elementary school setting for an entire school year, which gave her the K–12 experience. She graduated with Magna Cum
Laude distinction from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus earning a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Secondary Education and earned a
minor in History. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After this five–year mission, she shifted to the Maria Libertad Gomez Junior High School in which she informally excelled as the safety coordinator
and parent liaison for the school. Ms. Graw–Gonzalez was able to successfully create a task force encompassed of faculty members, social workers,
paraprofessionals, deputy officers, and parents in efforts to create a program that would function properly in a safe school situated in an unreceptive
environment. She also functioned as the teacher's labor union planner for each one of the schools in which she was appointed, as well as the serving
the role of liaison and point person to the local news stations. As the labor union planner, a major accomplishment was to bring in funding and support
for the materials and needs of the school to be able to function properly in its day to day role for the community and

Juan Carlos Benitez Research Paper
Experienced International Attorney Juan Carlos Benitez
A native of Puerto Rico, Juan Carlos Benitez earned his bachelor of arts in judicial systems from the Universidad del Sagrado Corazon in Santurce and
a juris doctor from the Inter–American University of Puerto Rico School of Law in Hato Rey. He is an active member of the Puerto Rico Bar and is
licensed to practice before a number of United States courts including the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico and the Supreme Court of the US. Juan Carlos
Benitez is fluent in both English and Spanish.
Over the course of his career, Mr. Benitez has worked for multiple private firms and public organizations including the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs
Administration and the US Department of Justice. Since 2003, he has served as president of the Hagatna, Guam–based funding ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For the past 14 years, Juan Carlos Benitez has served as president of the Washington Pacific Economic Development Group. Headquartered in Hagatna,
Guam, this organization is committed to sourcing federal funds for promising projects. Its accomplishments include helping Catholic Social Services
secure a critical $100,000 grant.
Mr. Benitez concurrently serves senior administrative posts with two organizations on Saipan, the largest island in the US commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands. Since 2013, he has assisted individuals in pursuit of EB–5 US visas as the president of Saipan's Marianas EB–5 Regional
Center. For the past two years, he has also served as president and board chair of Saipan's Latte Training Academy, an organization that is committed
to developing workforces in the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam by providing a range of skilled and certified vocational

What Are The Similarities Between Puerto Rico And The...
I really liked the presentation about sexuality in Cuba, Puerto Rico and The Dominican Republic. This gave me a better understanding on how people
suffer when coming out and dealing with constant criticism in their country. The Puerto Rico amazed me on how many people fled their country
because their country does not support them. An important fact I learned was that the Jones Act in 1917 gave Puerto Rico citizenship. When looking
at the pictures in the power point the buildings are all graffiti and abandoned however, universities have false walls for all the graffiti. Puerto Rico is
still going through an economic drought and jobs are extremely difficult to look for. So men and women prostitute to make some type of living for
their families.

Comparing The Rates And Trend Of Homicide
Home>Samples>Comparison of Homicide Rates in Puerto Rico and San Juan COMPARISON OF HOMICIDE RATES IN PUERTO RICO AND
SAN JUAN
Abstract
There have been continuous researches on the relationship between segregation and homicide across the state of Puerto Rico. This study will
effectively determine if Puerto Rico has high crimes in homicide as compared to other metropolitan statistical area that is San Juan. The research will
focus on a ten year comparison that is from the year 1998 to 2008. Using various statistics it is evident that rise in homicide is wide especially when
the Puerto Ricans are segregated from the whites.
Dissertation outline
Firstly, the specific objective of this study is to effectively compare the rates and trend ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to this issue of segregation this study will examine direct and indirect impact of female headed household on homicides. It is evident that for all
the Puerto Ricans are not widely associated with homicide as compared to the discussed metropolitan statistical area (Steve, 2010).
Introduction
From various statistics, it is very clear that the rates of crimes in Puerto Rico have significantly increased as compared to other metropolitan
statistical areas. The various kinds of crime described in Puerto Rico from statistics of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) include robbery, rape,
aggravated assault and homicide. Due to this case of crimes it is very evident that the state of Puerto Rico required immediate solutions that will assist
to curb down the various form of crimes.
In introducing this topic it is important that the population being covered by the Puerto Ricans is discussed in comparison to that of San Juan state. It
is important to emphasize on how the population of the Puerto Ricans differs from that of the San Juan and how this difference have contributed to the
rising number of crime cases (Steve, 2010).
An empirical assessment having being done indicate that the crime being experience in Puerto Rico is largely being contributed by the following two

reasons. Firstly, due to the scarcity of primary data on homicide cases which is constantly being eliminated from various analysis of crimes by the
United States and secondly, Puerto Rico have

Judith Ortiz Cofer Research Paper
In 1952 Judith Ortiz Cofer was born in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico, a small municipality with the population around 16,000. At the age of four she
and her family moved to Paterson, New Jersey. She went on to spend most of her childhood commuting back and forth between Puerto Rico and
Paterson, receiving education in both places. These moves were made due to her father, J.M. Ortiz Cofer and his work in the Brooklyn Navy yard.
Coming to America was hard on her family as it was a new place with many new things to get accustomed to. After living in Paterson for some time,
the family moved to Augusta, Georgia where she would attend high school and pursue her writing work.
She gained her niche for writing as her family was made up of writers and listening

Puerto Rico Pros And Cons
Although Sen. Bernie Sanders is overwhelmingly busy with his campaign for the Democratic nomination, it looks like he still has some time to care
about the mess Puerto Rico is in. He had previously commented on the success that the PROMESA bill can bring and showed that he has his own
ideas for Puerto Rico, as well. He came up with his own plan for Puerto Rico's future, and is expected to be introducing his PUERTO RICO
HUMANITARIAN RELIEF ACT shortly.
A final version of the bill has been officially published in Sen. Sanders's web page. The bill talks about various issues including statehood, economy,
infrastructure, and health care. It includes a total of 7 sections.
The first section states that the Federal Reserve will be given permission ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The corporation would be led by a group of 7 members. Four of the members would be chosen by the legislature in Puerto Rico; two of the members
would be appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico; and one would be appointed by the President of the United States. The Exchange Stabilization
Fund at the US Treasury Department would be providing the financial needs for this public corporation.
The third section dictates the inclusion of all US territories under the Chapter 9 Bankruptcy title, which would assist Puerto Rico in the restructuring of
debts.
The fourth section provides a lot benefits in health care. To begin with, the bill makes guarantees that Puerto Rico will receive equal payments as the
other 50 states. With this bill, all seniors and people with disabilities will automatically be enrolled in the Medicare Part B. Next, Puerto Rico will be
added to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Additionally, a new research university will be built.
Puerto Rico will be given access to $10.8 billion over the next 5 years, to rebuild and fix the island's infrastructure. Many items are included in the list
of things that will be rebuilt, such as roads, bridges, harbors, and wastewater

Physical Therapy
The seeds of this project start with reflecting on my grandmother, Lumida Rodriguez Viscal. In my family, she was the first person to enter a medical
profession when she became a licensed physical therapist in 1953. I remember her telling me stories of her work with polio patients. However, by all
accounts, she did not particularly want to become a physical therapist. My mother says she really wanted to be a doctor; my aunt says that she wanted
to pursue further studies in chemistry, an interest she developed as an undergraduate. Both, however, remember hearing from her that "the scholarships
that year were for physical therapy." So this project starts with trying to understand why and how my grandmother became a physical therapist.... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His studies in France overlapped with the 1848 revolution, which informed his political thinking. He also became a staunch abolitionist. He
returned to Puerto Rico in 1856, a year that saw a cholera epidemic ravage Puerto Rico (centered around Mayaguez), and Betances established and
managed a temporary hospital to deal with the epidemic. He also worked with the local government to try to limit the spread of the disease. He
subsequently established a successful surgical and ophthalmological practice in Mayaguez. During this time, he introduced new surgical and aseptic
techniques to the island and performed the first surgery under chloroform in 1862, alongside a Venezuelan anesthesiologist. He also was
fundamental in establishing the Hospital San Antonio, a municipal hospital in Mayaguez which served the local indigent community. He was exiled
from Puerto Rico prior to the Grito de Lares in 1868, and after the uprising was quelled, Betances moved briefly to New York before settling
permanently in Paris. He remained heavily involved in Caribbean politics, and was one of the major organizers of the Intentona de Yauco, a second
Puerto Rican uprising against Spain that occurred in 1897. After the sinking of the USS Maine in January 1898, Betances worked to try to prevent the
United States from taking over Puerto Rico, but he died in September of that year. (RodrГguez VГЎzquez, Eduardo, Dr. RamГіn Emeterio Betances: el
medico;

The Racial Struggles of Puerto Ricans Essay
The Racial Struggles of Puerto Ricans
Another large component of Puerto Ricanness is Race. All of the different cultures that have throughout history combined to form Puerto Rico effect
their nationality, history, lifestyles, traditions, music, and foods.
The "discovery" or infiltration of the island of Borinquen (or Puerto Rico as it was later renamed) in 1493 by Spain resulted in the decimation of the
native Taino population. With the loss of an immediate source of cheap labor to work the fields for their sugar cane industry, they introducedAfrican
culture into the region by importing slaves to replace the Taino field workers. In addition to the introduction of African culture into Puerto Rico
voluntary immigration brought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not necessarily the history but the story or interpretation of the past as perceived by the elite. Gonzalez suggests that the recreation of the history of
Puerto Rican society can be expressed metaphorically as the construction of a building. "As the new layers of the history or floors are added the
foundation becomes more and more obscured from view" (Figueroa 9/15). As the higher levels continued to build they were able to create the illusion
of a "pure, white" society by rejecting and denying their Taino and African heritage.
The United States gained Puerto Rico in 1898 through the Treaty of Paris, signed after the Spanish–American. Although the Puerto Rican community
initially embraced U.S. intervention in 1898, hoping that the land of the free would finally bring liberty to the island, the following years were full of
disillusionment. The sad reality was that the U.S. had no intention of ever giving up control of Puerto Rico because of its strategic location in the
Caribbean. The United States government tried to Americanize the island. Which was acceptable for the island in the eyes of the elite until their power
was being threatened. The elite's on the island looked to the Jibaro as their symbol of national identity.
"In response to this situation, certain intellectuals turned to the margins of their society, where they

Hurricane Risk
Those who faced the greatest risk were the poor, young, elderly, and those who live in rural areas. Those who live in remote areas were some of
the last to receive assistance following the hurricane and will be the last to regain access to clean water and electricity. The elderly especially those
who are on government funded pensions such as welfare and social security have no resources to gain food or water. Psychologist Domingo
MarquГ©s, 39, an associate professor at Albizu University in San Juan stated to National Geographic. "You see people anxious, depressed, scared."
MarquГ©s estimates that 30 to 50 percent of the population is experiencing post–traumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety. 26 Children and
young people are particularly... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As far as education. Hurricanes Irma and Maria disrupted the lives of some 350,000 public school students. It took nearly five weeks before the first
public schools began to reopen after the storm, though most were operating without power.The majority of Puerto Rico's public schools are now open,
though some only part–time. There is at least one school in every city on the island that still doesn't have power. Some schools have been converted
into community centers and shelters, forcing students to relocate and find alternate routes to resume their studies. 31 With power out on the island it
has made a great economic impact. The cost of repairing power grids and restoring power throughout the island. Being hit by Hurricane Maria dug
Puerto Rico into a hole much deeper than they were already in. Conditions on the island are devastating resources are limited, as if there were not jobs
before the workforce has gone down even more and the economy is more fragile than

The History and Culture of Puerto Ricans Essay
The History and Culture of Puerto Ricans
ETHNICITY AND EMPOWERMENT IN THE MIGRATION EXPERIENCE
The Puerto Rican people have a rich history of culture and ethnicity. Despite the many migrations of the Puerto Ricans, an intense spirit of ethnicity and
cultural pride has followed these people wherever they have gone, whether that be migrations from rural areas to industrialized cities or from the small
island of Puerto Rico to the vast mainland of the United States. However, the struggles of these people have become obscured over the passing of
generations. As evidenced by Shakira Ramos, generations of Puerto Ricans born and raised in the United States aren't always well informed of the rich
history of their ancestors. Shakira admits ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The migratory currents of the time foreshadow later massive displacements" (345). These later migrations would ensue for the duration of the entire
twentieth century, bringing increasing numbers of Puerto Ricans into the United States.
With the Spanish American War of 1898 came added difficulty for the population of Puerto Rico. Recently acquired by the United States, citizens of
Puerto Rico were actually citizens of nowhere until granted statutory citizenship to the United States in 1917. The Jones Act of 1917 merely granted
Puerto Ricans a status of citizenship, which was not equivalent to the constitutional citizenship. This partial citizenship, however, did not prevent the
United States from drafting Puerto Ricans into the armed forces during World War I, or from recruiting Puerto Ricans to labor in defense industries
during the time of war. The desire for full citizenship as well as poor economic conditions in the homeland resulted in the migrations of many Puerto
Ricans to the United States throughout the twentieth century.
One measure taken to benefit the Puerto Ricans was the passing of the Johnson Act in 1921, which restricted the immigration of Europeans to the
United States. Passing this act created increased availability of jobs for Puerto Ricans choosing to migrate to the United States in search of better
employment opportunities than could be found in their homeland. While the aim of the Johnson Act

Puerto Rico and the United States Essay
Puerto Rico and the United States
Since Puerto Rico was first discovered by Christopher Columbus on November 19, 1493, and Spanish colonization ensued in 1508, Puerto Rico has
experienced all of these pressures of identity and culture.
When Columbus first arrived he found the island populated by thousands of Taino Indians who made the mistake of showing Columbus gold nuggets
in the river. This was all Spain needed to finance its crown. Differences between the Spaniards and the Taints began around two years later when
Diego Salcedo was killed by the Indians. The Taino Indians revolt against the Spaniards was met with no success and many left the island or fled into
the mountains where they began new lives.
Though living in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A small item appeared in the morning papers, but nobody paid much attention, and the event was soon forgotten. [S]oon after that, Buenaventura moved
to the caretaker's house and nobody seemed to mind. He cleared the spring of undergrowth and put it back in use." (Ferre, p. 11)
Examples of the obscurity over time or erasures over time that Gonzalez mentioned are for instance in 1498 when you built the foundation or first
floor, at that point in time you did not want the Spanish language as your official language you wanted to keep your Taino Indian language, you did
not want the language that was being forced upon you by the oppressors. This obviously did not happen because today, in 1998, you want to keep your
native Spanish language and do not want to adopt the English language.
Race has also conveniently been erased from Puerto Rican history. Black is the core of the Puerto Rican population according to Gonzalez. ("What I
am claiming is that it was the blacks, the people bound most closely to the territory which they inhabited (they were after all slaves), who had the
greatest difficulty in imagining any other place to live". (Gonzalez, p. 10) When Puerto Ricans first read his article they were appalled at this notion. The
fundamental axiom is that Puerto Rico was a nation

Puerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and...
Puerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture
Puerto Rican music is an evolving art form that expresses Puerto Rican culture and identity. The development of Puerto Rican music is also a
reflection of their history, both being complicated by several layers. Social, political, and economic conditions are all related to the musical expressions
of Puerto Ricans (Glasser, 8). Puerto Rican migration to the United States and the culture clash experienced by migrants is another layer complicating
the evolution of Puerto Rican music (Glasser, 199). Musical expression has been affected by every aspect of life for the Puerto Ricans and therefore is
an illustration of the Puerto Rican experience.
Economic conditions in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One musical form excepted by the upper class is the danza. This form was considered European and was claimed by the upper class as the primary
national music of Puerto Rico as an act of protest against Spain; The danza was initially view as a hybrid musical form,
"But with the growth of nationalist sentiment, the 'invasion' of Cuban and North American dance forms, the growing presence of Afro–Puerto Rican
popular music from 'below', by the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the upper classes had positively sanctified the danza as the national
music of Puerto Rico. Overtime and in defensive reaction to rapid social, economic, and political change, the danza became a potent national symbol"
(Glasser, 195).
The irony of the elite's claim to the danza is that the musical profession was not considered a respectable occupation and was therefore only practiced
by mulatos or negritos, mainly of the working class (Glasser, 58).It was common for Puerto Ricans of color to perform for white–only establishments
(Glasser, 58)
For mulatos and negritos, music was a profession that could lead to social mobility (Glasser, 58). Many musicians were of the working–class and had
primary jobs to support themselves during periods of unemployment for musical performers. Many worked as artisans, making cigars or producing
coffee (Glasser, 50). Changing economic conditions on the island hindered the chances for social mobility for

Puerto Rico Under American Rule Essay
Puerto Rico Under American Rule
The United States gained control of the island of Puerto Rico as a result of the Spanish American war in 1898, claiming its intention to "free" the
island from Spanish colonialism. When the United States took possession of the island, Puerto Rico became merely that, a controlled possession given
little or insignificant power in many facets of Puerto Rican life. In a matter of a few months, Puerto Rico moved from being a Spanish possession to an
American one, and this changing of hands had many implications on the status of Puerto Rico, politically economically, and socially.
Moved by desires for freedom, social change, and political change, lack of leadership, and plainly, fear, the Puerto Ricans... Show more content on
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Initially, the United States wanted and cherished Puerto Rico as a war prize, a way to protect its interests and reinforce the idea among other empires,
political leaders, and governments that it was a supreme power by taking over the last Caribbean and Pacific colonies that Spain had. But that was all
they had in mind for the island; never was Puerto Rico meant to be a state, not even a territory but just a possession with which the U.S. Government
could do whatever it wanted to.
Yet, it wasn't that easy. In an effort to, again, protect its interest and to keep the peace, Congress passed the Foraker Law in 1900, which established a
civil government and free commerce between the island and the United States. And in the next seventeen years, when Puerto Ricans were granted
American citizenship, by the Jones Act, the implications of this act, especially that of free trade, meant that Puerto Ricans were being treated like
Americans, and in turn, "Americanization", "the process by which people of alien culture acquire American ways, standards of living and national

Similarities Between Cuba And Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico literature expresses the negative beliefs as well as perseverance of Puerto Ricans especially those who live in the U.S. The Song of
Borinquen talks about a call to the people of Puerto Rico to take arms against the Spanish colonial regime. It has been a powerful symbol in Puerto
Rico's long struggle for independence (). The poem Cuba and Puerto Rico talks about the belief that Cuba and Puerto Rico were a part of a common
struggle for freedom. The poems Song of Borinquen and Cuba and Puerto Rico both speak of Puerto Rico as a place of hardship and war. The poem
My Graduation Speech stresses the impact of Latino culture on mainstream U.S culture and portrays an Eurocentric society being transformed by
multiculturalism. All of the writings give a romanticized view of Puerto Rico as well. The scholars William Burgos, Marc Zimerman, Victor Figueroa
all wrote on these topics.These ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It suggests ethnic pride and cultural affirmation, not the hiding of black and brown blood that is implicit in the "Hispanic" label. Thus the term
expresses paradox, complexity, and defiance. It has come to stand for affirmation of a struggle against racism, sexism, and classism.
Zimmerman touches on a few points within this quote. He discusses the positive and negative connotation that comes with even just the word Latino
and Hispanic. Then he claims that the words suggest "a broad and aged otherness" to White American norms, meaning that a person who identifies with
Latino and Hispanic cultures will automatically be othered in Anglo American culture which often leads to racism and things like that. This is
important because it shows that power at play

How Did Roman Baloldorioty De Castro Change Society
A person who changes society for the better whether at large or not is deserves admiration and respect. Roman Baldorioty de Castro was an integral
agent of change for Puerto Rico in the 19th century, and his accomplishments created long lasting positive effects. Baldorioty became one of the first
advocates for the abolition of slavery in the island, and played a large role in the foundation of the independence party from Spain (Partido
Autonomista). RomГЎn Baldorioty De Castro impacted the growth and development of Puerto Rico, both through his achievements within the
abolitionist movement and in the independence party, he demonstrated to be a knowledgeable, courageous, and principled person. RomГЎn Baldorioty
de Castro was born on February 23, 1822 in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Baldorioty was born into a humble household, and was a highly intelligent
child during his upbringing. His family moved to San Juan in order to place him in Don Rafael Cordero's school. After demonstrating his sense of
inquiry he was accepted into the "Seminario Conciliar de Puerto Rico", he was offered a scholarship to attend the University of Madrid, where he
studied Physics and Mathematics. Baldorioty strove to create reliable records for Puerto Rico even before his return from college, along with his
Puerto Rican colleagues he... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On March 22, 1873, the Spanish Government approved the proposal that became known as the Moret Law. This was a major cornerstone in the
process of the abolition of slavery and will serve as marker for years to come. In 1886 he became the founder and president of the Autonomist Party.
Baldorioty's autonomy demanded the guarantee of individual rights, self–government in the hands of Puerto Ricans and absolute freedom in trade,
industry, agriculture and

University Of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Since my high school years, I have appreciated the importance of expanding my knowledge. That was when I decided to enroll in the University of
Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. I come from a family that has been through many life challenges, such as the passing away of my father, economic
issues, and other dilemmas. The death of my father opened my eyes about life. It taught me that life goes by fast, and I cannot waste it. It showed me
that I have to make my time here valued, specially, for myself. This is the reason why education remains important to me, and it is the foundation of the
person I am today. Currently,Puerto Rico is facing a financial debt crisis that puts the future of many students at stake, including myself. Despite
that, I have received the best education possible and have made my way thanks to the sacrifices of my mother to ensure the wellbeing of my
siblings and me. My parents always told me that if I want something, I have to work hard in order to achieve it. My biggest fear is striving for my
goals, and, despite that, not being able to reach them. I will not always win, but I will keep trying. I see that this is what life is about, and I realize that
sometimes these things happen.
As a person who has never been out of the country, the impulse for studying, exploring, and living abroad is enormous. Studying abroad will change
my perspective about the world. From my own experience, I want to show people the personal and professional growth that one can

Puerto Rican Music and Its Significance Essay
Puerto Rican Music and Its Significance
Although the policies of Americanization and degradation of Puerto Rican culture heritage improved by the United States in Puerto Rico during the
early decades of the twentieth century, the utmost concern for the United States was the strategic location of the island for political and economic
advantages, not of the people who inhabited it. Puerto Rico, though a poor colony, was a rich cultural spot in an area of dynamic cultural influence of
the Caribbean. One aspect of the Puerto Rican culture that was greatly influenced by its location in the Caribbean and by its repossession by the
United States is music. Music permeated the daily life of Puerto Ricans (Waxer, Oct. 29). Music was the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the bomba became known as "talking drums" (Glasser, 1995).
The plena, another typical form of Puerto Rican music, was considered the singing newspaper. It was developed at the turn of the century by a
lower class mulato population (made up of Puerto Rican freed slaves and migrants from the English Antilles) on the coast. Themes for the music
came from the idiosyncrasies and normalcies of daily life, and was incorporated through a narrative verse taken from the Spanish music culture
through "call and response". Call and response, another African influence, is a component of traditional African musical expression in which a
phrase is sung (chanted by part of a group of people and that phrase is responded to by a refrain by the other part of the group. Call and response is a
component of the bomba, the plena, and the danza and still exists today as an important ingredient of Puerto Rican music. It facilitates dialogue, and
encourages a sense of community by enabling more people to join in, which then closes the gaps between classes and races (Waxer, Oct. 29).
The third traditional form of Puerto Rican music is the danza. This genre, developed by mulato artisans in late nineteenth century, reflected the race,
class, and nationality issues which were present at that time. As the plena and the bomba had African roots, the danza had roots in English, French, and

The Identity of a Puerto Rican Essay
The Identity of a Puerto Rican
Sidney W. Mintz describes the Caribbean as "a scattering of some fifty inhabited units spanning nearly 2, 500 miles of sea between Mexico's Yucatan
Peninsula and the north coast of South America, constitute the oldest colonial sphere of Western European overseas expansion... these territories were
dominated and navigated and explored, their aborigines had been thrust into the consciousness of European monarchs, philosophers, and scientists"
(17). The islands in the Caribbean might have some common historical patterns of conquest, slavery and the development of multi–cultural societies
but each island has its own history, culture and identity. As part of the Caribbean, Puerto Rico can identify with some of ... Show more content on
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The first storey deals with the issue of the "first" Puerto Ricans, the mestizo culture of a predominantly Afro Antillean type. The second storey is from
the 18th to the 19th century and the second wave of immigration, the third storey deals with the invasion of the United States in 1898 and finally, the
fourth storey deals with an advancement American capitalism, industrialization and migration. The United States plays an important role in the issue of
Puerto Rican national identity. Nancy Morris in her book Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics and Identity, writes, "The collective identity of Puerto Ricans
has been influenced by the island's relationship with the United States, but Puerto Ricans have retained an identity that is distinct and separate from
their sovereign power" (1).
The Taino Indians, The African and The Spanish
The Puerto Rican culture has three historical roots; the Taino Indian, the African and the Spanish. The Africans became the most important for
economic and social reasons. As part of the Spanish conquest most of all the Taino Indians were exterminated. Both the Tainos and Africans were
trapped in the most oppressed stratum of the social pyramid, this allowed for cultural exchange between the two group. Due to the lack of Spanish
woman, the Spanish men also became involved with both the Tainos and Africans. Gonzalez claims that, "when the descendants of the first African
slaves had already become black Puerto

Essay on Puerto Rico Independence?
To argue on Puerto Rican Independence, Commonwealth, or Statehood, we must first learn of the history of Puerto Rico. Growing up I was very
ignorant about Puerto Rico. It wasn't till I was in the Navy and got stationed in Puerto Rico did I really find out the small Caribbean island. Although
Puerto Rico has an extensive history, I will only give a brief synopsis of it: In November 1493 Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Puerto
Rico for the country of Spain. It remained a colonization of Spain until 1898 when Spain ceded the island to the United States after the
Spanish–American war. In 1917 Puerto Rican's became U.S. Citizens, but only 24% consider themselves as American (2000 census). Puerto Rico was
also granted its own ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the American citizens of Puerto Rico are still very far from attaining the same level of economic prosperity other American citizens enjoy in
the other 50 states. Becoming a state would give Puerto Rico the opportunity of improving its economic situation."
Politically, there are several advantages to becoming a state. The first is that Puerto Rico will have a voice in the Congress with at least seven
represenatives and two senators. Currently, Puerto Rico only has a resident commissioner in Congress. He has a voice, but no vote. Puerto Rico has no
electoral votes in the Presidential elections. Becoming a State would remove Puerto Rico form under the Territorial "claws" of the U.S.
Constitution, and would put Puerto Rico on the same political footing as the other 50 states. This is the single most compelling argument for Puerto
Rican statehood that Puerto Ricans have.
CONS OF STATEHOOD
There are several economic reasons that can be argued against Puerto Rico becoming a state. First, the current unemployment rate is 11.7%, which
would rank the highest in the nation. Puerto Rico has the lowest per capita income at around $7000, half of the poorest U.S. state (Mississippi). Thus it
would cost the U.S. Government approximately 3–4 billion a year for 10 years to get Puerto Rico up to par with the other states. The 936 tax code,
which grants U.S. companies federal tax exemptions for their operations in Puerto Rico,

Should Puerto Rico Become The 51st State Essay
Puerto Rico should become the 51st state because it can help with money problems, the people of Puerto Rico want to become the 51st state, and we
claimed Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American war.These are just few of many reasons why we should have Puerto Rico become the 51st state.
Puerto Rico should become the 51st state because nearly 54 percent, or 922,374 people, wanted statehood. Even three American Presidents Gerald
Ford, George Bush I, and even Reagan supported statehood. Also "For me, being a U.S. citizen is a lot more than carrying a passport," says
Caraballo–Sandoz. "I'm very hopeful that one day we are going to be a state of the Union." The people of Puerto Rico deserve better than the way
they are being treated. Puerto Ricans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also say that the voting was rigged so that the favor would go towards statehood. But there are spanish people in this country that speak spanish,
also Puerto Rico has spoken that they want statehood.
Puerto Rico should become the 51st state because it would benefit both countries economically. Statehood supporters say Puerto Rico would benefit
economically from increased tourism and investment."If only Puerto Rico were a state, this line of thinking goes, it wouldn't be in a financial mess.
That's probably true–but not for the reasons most people think." The United states and Puerto Rico have financial debt but if Puerto Rico joins the
United States then we can get out of debt. This can only happen with the tourism that both countries can get combined, because Puerto Rico and the
United States have some very big tourist spots. In conclusion Puerto Rico should become part of the United States because it would fix financial
problems in both Puerto Rico and the U.S. We annexed them and they want to become a state so they should totally become a state. This is why
Puerto Rico should become a part of the United States of

Social Discrimination
During the Spring of 2012, The University of Southern Mississippi's basketball team made their first appearance at the NCAA tournament since 1991.
The team played against Kansas State University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the second half of the game, Kansas State was defeating the
University of Southern Mississippi, due to their freshman point guard Angel Rodriguez who contributed many points. The Wildcats were leading the
game by 70–64. As Angel Rodriguez was performing a free throw, some University of Southern Mississippi prep band students chanted "Where's your
green card?" This incident made national headline news and labeled the band students of the University of Southern Mississippi as ignorant, immature,
and racist. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Melvin D. Williams: Geographical places are salient human attachments. My studies suggest that identity by geographical location is not
the source but the result of human divisiveness. Certain human characteristics (phenotype, kin, "intelligence," agility, articulation, and activity) result in
social and psychological attachments that culminate in the utilization of hearth, home, university, community, city, country, and continent for human
divisiveness (Williams, 2003, p.5). The band members can be assumed American born citizens and chanting "Where's your green card?" expresses
their practice of racial divisiveness. By practicing racial divisiveness by geography, humans feel a sense of security within their territory. Angel
Rodriguez being an excellent basketball player from Puerto Rico and playing in the United States appeared as a threat to the prep band fans who are
from the United States. The prep band students felt the need to question Rodriguez's status as a legitimate United States citizen. It seemed that
Rodriguez crossed the boundary of the band student's perceived territory in the United States because of his ethnic background. Southern Miss' prep
band has members of minority backgrounds. If the minorities also participated in the taunting, it shows that geography and racial discrimination is
instilled in all races that are citizens of the United States. Rodriguez lives and attended school in

Describe Puerto Rico
Two years ago, I went to Puerto Rico and I absolutely loved it! Puerto Rico is a Caribbean island and a U.S territory. It is east from the Dominical
republic. The capital is called San Juan with 77 other cities! Puerto Rico has about 3.548 million people living there. Since Puerto Rico is an island the
weather there is one of the most unvarying climates in the world. All year around, the temperature is usually from 75 to 83 degrees Fahrenheit. In fact,
the island is the hottest and wettest around August, averaging about 81 degrees Fahrenheit. Puerto Rico offers many cultural entertainment, historical
locations and tourist attractions. In Puerto Rico their cultural entertainments are holidays, architecture and arts&crafts. There are many holidays in
Puerto Rico a few of them are New Year's day, Three Kings Day, Christmas and more. According to touertorico.org, the architecture heritages are from
the Spanish. Narrow winding cobblestone street and light colored tile–roofed building with balconies. Old San Juan has about 400 structures of history!
As for arts&crafts, Puerto Ricans are usually artistic whether the artists are trained in an art school or self–taught. Places to go see beautiful paintings
are art galleries and the museum of the University of Puerto Rico in Rio Piedras. The craft ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The newcomers called the island San Juan Bautista for St. John the Baptist. Later on, the two names were switched. A lieutenant to Columbus Juan
Ponce de Leon, the city of Puerto Rico became an important military outpost in the Caribbean. In 1506, the founder of the new world, Christopher
Columbus died. Therefore, in the future people built forts to protect the citizens from the Pirates. Nevertheless, it was mostly used to protect everyone
inside. If it wasn't from Pirates it was protection from other sea born

Puerto Rico Research Paper
A Meeting Ground of Music, Culture and Education
What does it mean to be an educated person? An educated person is a well–rounded person that is knowledgeable in not just one area. It is a person
that is open to new ideas and able to interact with various people. Someone that is educated is able to learned about our background and history and
passes it down for future generations to learned and obtained that knowledge. Culture is the most important part of ones education. Many of the
customs, attitudes, and beliefs of one group is what let one person be able to acquire the knowledge others countries, educators, and society is trying to
teach them.
Puerto Rico and many other countries have been influenced by a variety of cultures. These countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Places are loosing their originality and identity due to assimilating other cultures. Based on Encyclopedia69.com technological advances are
infiltrating new music, culture, and dances around the world. Due to this, many places are assimilating these dances, music, etc... and there is not
going to be a sense of diversity due to everyone adapting the same styles of living. For instance, Puerto Rico if it became a state of United State it
would have to loose many of their traditions like El Dia de Reyes, their Flag and Anthem to assimilate the USA new culture witch would completely
influence Puerto Rico unique

Puerto Rico Research Paper
Geography of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico consists of a group of island, located between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic, about
1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida. For the reason of its location, history, and warm atmosphere the Puerto Rican island is extremely
popular tourist place. Shape of this island is almost rectangular with 100 miles long by 35 miles wide. It is the smallest and most eastern island of
Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico). Puerto Rico is the 3rd largest island in USA and 82nd Largest island in the whole
world. It consists of the main island of Puerto Rico and several smaller islands and keys, including Vieques, Culebra, Culebrita, Palomino (known by
some by the Spanish Virgin Islands), Mona, and Monito. Coast measure 700km if the adjacent islands Vieques and Culebra are incorporated, and 580
km without the adjacent islands.
Geographic Coordinates: Latitude: 18В° 15" N Longitude: 66В° 30" W
Total Area: 9,104 sq km (3,508 sq mi)
The maximum length from east to west (from Punta Puerca to Punta Higuero) of 180 km (110 mi) and with a maximum width from north to south
(from Isabella to Punta ColГіn) of 65 km (40 mi).
Land Area: 8,959 sq km
Comparative area: approximately three times the size of Rhode Island. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Five usual types of soils can be classified based on the U.S soil conservation they are humid coastal plains, semiarid coastal plains, humid uplands,
semiarid uplands, and humid upland valleys. The scientists of university of Puerto Rico categorise the island soil into one more classification as
lowlands, alluvium, coastal plains, alluvium in terraces, upland dark, and upland reddish–purple. Tropical countries produce High biomass products
like sugarcane, bananas, tobacco and coffee, in spite of tropical soils being considered as not fit for agriculture with soil having less fertility, and

Spanish Language's Influence on the Puerto Rican Identity...
Spanish Language's Influence on the Puerto Rican Identity
The initial occupation of Puerto Rico by the Spaniards carries an important implication for language as part of the Puerto Rican identity. The Spanish
language was imposed upon the inhabitants of the island, the Tainos, in the sixteenth century, when the Spanish inhabited the island in 1502, after the
Spanish conquerors claimed the island in the name of Spain in 1493. Eventually, the Spanish had moved out or taken over the ways of the old and their
culture infiltrated that of the Taino to create a new dimension of the first storey, where theSpanish language was incorporated as the building blocks of
the foundation of the Puerto Rican identity (Figueroa, Sept.15).
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English was established as the official language of learning in public schools on the island; and well, if Americans were putting schools on the island,
why shouldn't the Puerto Ricans be expected to speak the "American" language? That was the least Puerto Ricans could do in cooperation in becoming
"Americanized" and American citizens.
The American's English Only policy (also known as the English First policy) was complex in nature. It wanted to produce bilingual Puerto Ricans as a
method of creating "loyal subjects" or good citizens of the United States, but it allowed Americans to get away with not learning the Spanish language.
Having American teachers who didn't speak Spanish to Puerto Ricans who didn't speak English just wasn't effective. Because Puerto Rico became a part
of the United States (even in its unincorporated status), and its citizens are considered citizens of the U.S., one can understand the idea that English
should be implemented on the island. Because the official language of the United States is English and Puerto Rico is part of the United States, then its
inhabitants should at least learn to speak English. The learning English aspect of it, however, wasn't the problem of this situation, rather the forgetting
the Spanish aspect was the problem. In getting away with not learning the Spanish language, Americans forced, imposed assimilation upon a

Background Information : Lillian Comas D В·ГёГµ Az
Background Information Lillian Comas–DбЅ·az was born in Chicago, Illinois and moved to Puerto Rico, her parents' native land, at the age of 6. She
was raised in Puerto Rico but admits to this move being a "culture shock" because she was not fluent in Spanish at the time and other native Puerto
Ricans racially classified her as a jabГЎ, a person with a black grandparent from the Caribbean (Comas–DбЅ·az, 2005). This was a derogatory term
that made Comas–DбЅ·az question race and gender relations within the Puerto Rican community. Also, she had a physical impediment that affected her
voice for approximately sixteen years (Comas– DбЅ·az, 2005). During this time, Comas–DбЅ·az relied on the books in the library to comfort her. She
looked to literary works of art and authors who could, in some way, relate to her. Whether the author could relate to her in the ways of physical
impediments or being a person of color, Comas–DбЅ·az relied on their writings to improve her life (Comas–DбЅ·az, 2005)
Beginning in the late 1960s, Lillian Comas–DбЅ·az attended the University of Puerto Rico as an undergraduate during the second wave of feminism
(Comas–DбЅ·az, 2005). Instead of promoting local feminism, she began to research and study the ideals of international feminism. Because of her
family background, Comas–DбЅ·az had an array of cultures that she had been exposed to for most of her life. Therefore, her inspiration to identify and
promote international feminism relied on the grounds that international

Puerto Rico And Its Effects Essay
Puerto Rico is spanish for rich port. It's history, landscapes, food, and climate make it a world class destination for tourist. Puerto Rico is a caribbean
island with landscapes of mountains, waterfalls and the El Yunque tropical rainforest. It is one of the most densely populated islands in the world.
Puerto Rico is 3,515 square miles which is three time the size of Rhode Island. The population of the island is 3,474,182 making it one of the most
densely populated islands in the world. With a tropical climate Puerto Rico's temperature stays the same year round at 80 degrees with a rainy season
which stretches from April into November. Trade winds pass through the island year round which is reused for energy. The country 's natural
resources are copper and nickel. Oil and natural gas is found on the coast of puerto Rico.
In the past, puerto Rico was a major sugar producer. Today, the leading exports include electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates,
and medical equipment. Imports include chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, and petroleum products. In 1493, Christopher
Columbus arrived at Puerto Rico. He originally called the island San Juan, but because of the gold in the rivers but it was soon known as Puerto Rico, or
"Rich Port" and the capital city took the name San Juan. Over the years there were many unsuccessful attempts made by the French, Dutch, and English
to conquer the island. To protect themselves, the Spanish

Silencing Race : Disentangling Blackness, Colonialism, And...
In Ileana M. RodrГguez–Silva's book Silencing Race: Disentangling Blackness, Colonialism, and National Identities in Puerto Rico, she reconstructs
defining historical moments between the 1870s and 1910s when over–racialized boundaries became politically expedient in the building of a cohesive
Puerto Rican national identity. Ileana M. RodrГguez–Silva is an associate professor of Latin American and Caribbean history at the University of
Washington, Department of History. She earned her B.A. at the Universidad dePuerto Rico–Rio Piedras and her M.A. and Ph.D. at the University of
Wisconsin–Madison. She has also won an award for writing Silencing Race: Disentangling Blackness, Colonialism, and National Identities in Puerto
Rico.
In their quest for greater political participation within shifting imperial fields, Puerto Ricans struggled to shape and contain conversations about race. In
doing so, they crafted, negotiated, and imposed on others multiple forms of silences while trying to reproduce the idea of a unified, racially mixed,
harmonious nation. In this book RodriМЃguez primary goal is to reveal how silence and alternate means were used, consciously and unconsciously, to
avoid explicit discourse regarding race. Through rigorous research of census records, civil and criminal records, newspaper articles she demonstrates
how the narrative of racial fusion and the strategic erasure of indigenous and African narratives have veiled the history of racial struggle in Puerto Rico

Reflection Paper On Cultural Immersion
Cultural Immersion Reflection Paper Growing up as a Caucasian American Jewish girl living in Brooklyn in the 1950s, Puerto Rico was this
magical island in a far away land where rich people would vacation and honeymoon. Puerto Rico was a fantasy world island just the way the theme
parks in Orlando are a fantasy getaway. Puerto Rico is there to serve tourists, not an island that is inhabited by over 3.7 million people (according to
the July 2011 Census Bureau) who raise families and dream of a prosperous future. One doesn't imagine the poverty and the challenges that most Puerto
Rican "American citizen's" experience day–to–day because that will take away from the fantasy. For me there has always been a connection to Puerto
Rico. I had... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Puerto Rico was ruled by the Spanish until it became a territory of the United States in 1898 and it has been self–governing since the mid–20th
century. The vibrant blend of its 3.4 million people (as reported in 2016) is a mix of Spanish, United States and Afro–Caribbean influences. The Taino
population settled the island more than 1,000 years before the Spanish arrived, calling it Borinquen and referring to the natives as Boricua. That term
is still used today. In 1493 Columbus took over the island for Spain and in 1521 Juan Ponce de Leon founded the first European settlement, Caparra,
near the northern coast and renamed it Puerto Rico (or "rich port"). San Juan became a strong military base for Spain who imported slaves from Africa
in the 16th century. U.S. Army troops occupied Puerto Rico in 1898 during the brief Spanish–American War and Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Philippines and Cuba to the U.S. as a result. In 1917 Puerto Ricans were granted citizenship in the U.S. which made the males eligible for military
draft (www.history.com). In 1952 Puerto Rico officially became a U.S. commonwealth and created its own constitution and other powers of
self–governing (Collo, 1995). Even though Puerto Rico attracted tourism and big American manufacturing companies, more than 500,000 people left to

English As A Foreign Language
English is addressed globally as the language of science, technology, business, and mediation. It is a primary language of mass entertainment and news
reporting and the default language of the internet (Crystal 2004). The most popular characterization of the different roles of English around the world
is the (ENL) English as a Native Language, the ESL English as a Second Language and (EFL), English as a Foreign Language, as described in 1998,
MacArthur. The ENL approach is how most people in the United States are taught once they begin formal schooling.
Materials and teaching strategies are based on the linguistic structures, literary genres, and cultural references normally acquired by monolingual
speakers of English. ESL and EFL are categories that apply to non–native learners. Generally, in ESL students, only English is utilized in the
classroom. Teachers are usually native or near–native speakers of English and are rarely proficient in any of the languages of their students. Typically,
the vocabulary and linguistic routines of daily life are taught with the goal of accelerating the cultural adjustment to the new setting.
At the college level, foreign students are prepared to compete in English–speaking academic environments. In the U.S. for example, ESL classes
increase in the elementary and secondary schools, universities, and some job sites. An EFL approach is utilized primarily in places where students do
not usually have an opportunity to employ English daily.

Puerto Rico : A Land Of Paradise
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a land of paradise in the Caribbean island 1,000 miles away from Miami. Puerto Rico is currently a possession
of the United States. Puerto Rico is a tropical mountainous island. Because of the tropical environment there is little to no difference among seasons.
Being near the equator Puerto Rico received throughout the year high energy from the sun. This tropical climate makes Puerto Rico a first choice in
tourism and because of it Spanish influence it makes a great diversity in culture, food and people.
Geography. Setting. Climate Puerto Rico is one large island with several small islands. The island is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the north
side and by the Virgin Passage on the east side. The Caribbean Sea borders the island on the south side and on the west is border by the Mona
Passage. Throughout the year Puerto Rico is sunny and warm. The island is hit by winds that come from the northeast side. The benefits of this winds
is that it keeps the climate from getting uncomfortably hot. The rainy is fairly short and does not affect the island that much. During the winter the
only sings that shows the arrival of the season is sudden influx of tourist that flee the cold wheatear to enjoy the tropical climate that Puerto Rico has.
A research curriculum article done by Yale University describes Puerto Rico as the following "Puerto Rico is a peaceful island. At night one hears the
pleasant peeping of the tree frog called Coqui.

Essay about Historia de Puerto Rico: CristГіbal ColГіn
Desde la Г©poca de CristГіbal ColГіn, Puerto Rico ha permanecido bajo dominaciГіn, primero en EspaГ±a y luego en los Estados Unidos, Puerto Rico
es uno de las Гєltimas colonias en el mundo hoy. El congreso de los Estados Unidos impuso a todos los residentes de la isla la ciudadanГa en 1917 y
entonces los puertorriqueГ±os han sido ciudadanos americanos. Mientras, los puertorriqueГ±os pueden ejercer los mismos derechos que cualquier
otro ciudadano del EE.UU., la gente no se permiten para elegir a los miembros de Congreso o votar en las elecciones presidenciales.
AdemГЎs, la cantidad de los fondos federales asignados a la isla es inferior a la de cualquier estado en circunstancias similares. La relaciГіn entre
Puerto Rico a los Estados Unidos es la ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
La isla dejГі de ser una economГa agrГcola en la dГ©cada de 1950 y en 1993, mГЎs del 68 por ciento de los trabajadores estuvieron involucrado en la
manufactura, servicios, gobierno o construcciГіn, y menos del 3 por ciento eran trabajadores agrГcolas. A pesar de la transformaciГіn la isla sigue
siendo un paГs muy pobre plagado con los bajos salarios y desempleo. (Scheffey).
Podemos ver la misma idea en SEVA por Luis LГіpez Nieves con el amigo del narrador, un doctor y fuera un profesor de historia de la Universidad
Interamericana de Puerto Rico, se llama VГctor. Г‰l "ha pagado un precio muy alto para probar que cuando los norteamericanos entraron a Puerto
Rico" (Nieves 14). Entonces es evidente que durante la manifestaciГіn los conquistadores solo estaban interesados en la "cage" y no "bird".
Por aГ±os incontables, los habitantes de la isla han deseado su independencia y la batalla sigue hasta hoy en dГa. "This spring's student strikes at the
Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR) threaten to shut down the public university system...the island is facing serious economic problems, and civil unrest
is becoming more common" (Scheffey). (Abajo se encuentra en la fotografГa de estudiantes y trabajadores protestando su colonizaciГіn). Entonces,
podemos ver que la situaciГіn y las actitudes de las indГgenas no han cambiado desde que los conquistadores han entrado. En el video puede oГr y ver
la voz y pasiГіn la poblaciГіn tienen por su lГder y mГЎs importante

Globalization Is The Cause Of Overpopulation In Puerto Rico

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Globalization Is The Cause Of Overpopulation In Puerto Rico