why might bacteria need to alter gene expression when their environm.pdf

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why might bacteria need to alter gene expression when their environment changes? Solution Bacteria need to alter the gene expression according to the changing environment. As bacterial gene is expressed in the form of operons which function according to the regulatory element, which can either be inducer or repressor. If inducer is present in the environment gene expression is promoted as inducer binds with regulator and RNA Polymerase can bind to DNA, while if repressor is present in the environment, gene expression is suppressed. therefore bacteria alter their gene expression according to the change in environment..

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After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please do the following (when you are asked to compare, consider the following: the length and details in each one, the topics covered, what are your thoughts on what is included in each): 1) Compare the Alabama Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors (Alabama BELS) with your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics (i.e. if you are a civil it is ASCE, if you are an Electrical it is IEEE, etc.) 2) Compare your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics with ASCE\'s Code of Ethics (if you are a civil compare ASCE with any of the other societies) Solution 1) First topic in Alabama BELS says about conflict of interest and is as follows- This topic is also present in ASCE ethics and is as follows - Now, this is present (highlighted in bold below) in Engineering council of India - code of ethics under article 3 titled Obligation to Maintain High Standard of Personal Behaviour in a Responsible Manner which is as follows - The second article in Alabama BELS is tiltled Qualified by Education and/or Experience. Details as follows: The engineer or land surveyor shall act competently and use proper care in performing engineering or land surveying services for clients or employers and shall act only in fields in which qualified by education or experience as follows: This is present in ASCE under canon 2 tiltles service with competence which says that Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence. This is covered in Engineering Council of India ethics code under article 2 named Responsibility to Maintain High Standards of Professional Quality which include the following- Third part in Alabama Bels is related to safeguarding and preservation of the confidences and private information of clients and employers which is not present in ASCE but present in Engineeering council of india(ECI) ethics code. Cannon iii of Alabama BELS is named Confidences of Clients and Employers and is as follows - This is present in ECI code of ethics as under article 3 as 3.9 (Employers’ Business Secrets) which says that Engineers shall not disclose by any means, confidential information of the employer or client, unless otherwise authorized Next in Alabama Bels is titled practice; The engineer or land surveyor shall endeavor to build a practice and professional reputation on the merit of his or her services as follows: (a) The engineer or land surveyor shall not offer, or promise to pay or deliver, directly or indirectly, any commission, political contribution, gift, favor, gratuity, benefit or reward as an inducement to secure any specific professional engineering or professional land surveying work or assignment; providing and excepting, however, that an engineer or land surveyor may pay a duly licensed employment agency its fee or commission for securing engineering or land surveying employment in a salaried position. (b) The engineer or land surveyo.

After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please.pdf

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A small boy is lost coming down Mount Washington. The leader of the search team estimates that there is a probability p that he came down on the east side and a probability 1-p that he came down on the west side. He has n people in his search team who will search independently and, if the boy is on the side being searched, each member will find the boy with probability u. Determine how he should divide the n people into two groups to search the two sides of the mountain so that he will have the highest probability of finding the boy. How does this depend on u? Solution.

A small boy is lost coming down Mount Washington. The leader of the .pdf

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Address how cooperative binding contributes to SSB function during DNA replication. What is the advantage of such binding for SSB activity? Solution Single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is 178 amino acids long protein, found in E. coli, that binds to single-stranded poly nucleotide strand of double helix DNA and prevents reannealing of poly nucleotide strands and allow various aspects of DNA metabolism: replication, recombination, and repair. As in E. Coli, the DNA replication initiate at Ori site. During initiation, the helicase opens the double stranded DNA into single poly nucleotide strands, eventually the SSB proteins bind to the seperated poly nucleotide strands and prevents reannealing and facilitates sliding of DNA polymerase and DNA replication. Here binding of single SSB promotes massive binding of SSB proteins to the poly nucleotide strand, called cooperative binding. Such cooperative binding facilitates the uninterupted synthesis of new DNA molecules..

Address how cooperative binding contributes to SSB function during D.pdf

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A perfect left-sided binary tree is a binary tree where every intern.pdf

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Assembly Code Pep/8 Question Write a Pep/8 subroutine that is equivalent to the following C function int Q2 (int A, int B) {int M, C = 0; M = (A + B)/2; while (M > 0) {C += 3; M--;} return C;} Solution Answer: MIPS Assembly Language Code : L0: push rbp mov rbp, rsp mov DWORD PTR [rbp-20], edi mov DWORD PTR [rbp-24], esi mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 0 mov edx, DWORD PTR [rbp-20] mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-24] add eax, edx mov edx, eax shr edx, 31 add eax, edx sar eax mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], eax .L3: cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 0 jle .L2 add DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 3 sub DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1 jmp .L3 .L2: mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8] pop rbp ret.

Assembly Code Pep8 Question Write a Pep8 subroutine that is equiva.pdf

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Which of the three principles from the Belmont Report were violated in the Milgram Experiment? Solution Answer: Two concerns that have been raised against Milgram\'s obedience studies were: 1. Respect for persons: Deception The study itself was extremely stressful to the teacher-participants. 2. Beneficence: Psychological harm There were lasting effects of the study. Some participants were dramatically affected by learning that they were willing to harm another human being, simply because someone in authority told them to do it..

Which of the three principles from the Belmont Report were violated .pdf

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Where is the cell body of the neuron that directly causes SA node cells to depolarize faster? Solution The cell body of the nerve fibres which directly causes the depolarization of Sino Atrial node or SA node is located in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves of autonomous nervous system. This depolarization is spontaneous because the SA node is responsible for the cintraction of all the other muscles of the heart. Therefore the action potential which is generated at SA node passes down the other pacemeker cells like AV nodes and conduction of impuslse throughout the heart muscles..

Where is the cell body of the neuron that directly causes SA node ce.pdf

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Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic inference methods? a. Biologists cannot use statistical analysis in inferring phylogeny. b. The logic of tree building is that species with many characteristics in common are more likely to be closely related to one another than are species with fewer characteristics in common. c. Biologists select a number of species (or other taxa) and collect information about the characteristics, looking at which taxa have which characteristics in common. d. Most phylogenetic methods today rely on molecular data for tree building, but prior to molecular sequencing technology, most phylogenetic distances were computed from differences in other types of characters. Solution a. Biologists cannot use statistical analysis in inferring phylogeny. ---> FALSE (computational phylogenetics do use statistical analysis in interfering the data). b. The logic of tree building is that species with many characteristics in common are more likely to be closely related to one another than are species with fewer characteristics in common. ---> TRUE c. Biologists select a number of species (or other taxa) and collect information about the characteristics, looking at which taxa have which characteristics in common. ---> TRUE d. Most phylogenetic methods today rely on molecular data for tree building, but prior to molecular sequencing technology, most phylogenetic distances were computed from differences in other types of characters. ---> TRUE.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic inference met.pdf

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What is the critical F value for a sample of four observations in the numerator and seven in the denominator? Use a one-tailed test and the .01 significance level. can you show step by step of how you got the answer. Solution For a a sample of four observations in the numerator and seven in the denominator using a one- tailed test and the .01 significance level the critical F value is: F(4-1,7-1,0.01) =F(3,6,0.01) =9.780.

What is the critical F value for a sample of four observations in th.pdf

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what is the main function and sub-functions of a pen? Solution solution main function - main function of pen is to write anything. sub functions - to stab the eye of the school bully - pens are easily disassembled. Take the outer body and use it as a spitwad shooter - Stylus - Pointer - Trache-tube (artificial airway used in tracheotomies) - Emergency Axel for Bike - Snorkle - Straw - Candle-Holder.

what is the main function and sub-functions of a penSolutions.pdf

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what are some barriers a company might need to overcome when entering the global market? and what are some sources of financing for a new business? Limit your post to one source, and include some pros and cons. Solution Barriers to entry into markets for firms include: · Advertising - Incumbent firms can seek to make it difficult for new competitors by spending heavily on advertising that new firms would find more difficult to afford. This is known as the market power theory of advertising. Here, established firms\' use of advertising creates a consumer perceived difference in its brand from other brands to a degree that consumers see its brand as a slightly different product. Since the brand is seen as a slightly different product, products from existing or potential competitors cannot be perfectly substituted in place of the established firm\'s brand. This makes it hard for new competitors to gain consumer acceptance. · Capital - need the capital to start up such as equipment, building, and raw materials · Control of resources - If a single firm has control of a resource essential for a certain industry, and then other firms are unable to compete in the industry. · Cost advantages independent of scale - Proprietary technology, know-how, favorable access to raw materials, favorable geographic locations, learning curve cost advantages. · Customer loyalty - Large incumbent firms may have existing customers loyal to established products. The presence of established strong brands within a market can be a barrier to entry in this case. · Distributor agreements - Exclusive agreements with key distributors or retailers can make it difficult for other manufacturers to enter the industry. · Economy of scale - The increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases. Cost advantages can sometimes be quickly reversed by advances in technology. For example, the development of personal computers has allowed small companies to make use of database and communications technology which was once extremely expensive and only available to large corporations. · Government regulations - A rule of order having the force of law, prescribed by a superior or competent authority, relating to the actions of those under the authority\'s control. Requirements for licenses and permits may raise the investment needed to enter a market, creating an effective barrier to entry. · Inelastic demand - One strategy to penetrate a market is to sell at a lower price than the incumbents. This is ineffective with price-insensitive consumers. · Intellectual property - Potential entrant requires access to equally efficient production technology as the combatant monopolist in order to freely enter a market. Patents give a firm the legal right to stop other firms producing a product for a given period of time, and so restrict entry into a market. Patents are intended to encourage invention and technological progress by guaranteeing proceeds as an incentive.

what are some barriers a company might need to overcome when enterin.pdf

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True or False?? 1 The highest abundance of microbial life in soils appears in the O horizon. 2 Typically, increased oxygenic photosynthetic activity results in a decrease in pH values during the day and an increase in pH values at night. 3 Freshwater represents about 10% of the total water on Earth. 4 Oligotrophic organisms thrive in low nutrient conditions. 5 Establishment of a proton motive force (PMF) is required to generate ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. 6 Siderphores are used to increase availability of manganese in aerobic environments. Solution 1. True 2. False, increased oxygenic photosynthetic activity will increase pH (become more basic) during the day and during the night pH will decrease (become more acidic). 3. False, fresh water accounts for 2.5% to 2.75% of total water on earth. 4. True 5. False, Generation of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation is independent of PMF. ATP is formed by the direct transfer and donation of phosphoryl group. It takes place in erythrocytes as they have no mitochondria. 6. False, Siderphores are iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms used in the bioremediation of iron rich environments..

True or False1 The highest abundance of microbial life in soils .pdf

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This pedigree illustrates a heritable disease named geneticitis. 1. Which mode of inheritance does the pedigree illustrate? 2. What are the genotypes of all of the numbered family members according to your chosen mode of inheritance? :O 2 TO 4 Solution The mode of inheritance pattern is X Linked recessieve inheritance. The genotypes is X - Normal X chromosome x - Defective X chromosome 1 - XY 2 - xY 3 - Xx 4 - Xx.

This pedigree illustrates a heritable disease named geneticitis.1..pdf

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The number of key comparisons in a sequential search depends on the value of the search item. True False QUESTION 2 The structured design approach is also known as ____. bottom-up design top-down design object design QUESTION 3 The expression vecList.front() moves an element to the front of the vector. True False QUESTION 4 Containers are essentially used ____. to update objects that are part of a given set of elements to manage objects of a given type to manipulate data QUESTION 5 The operation ____ reinitializes the stack to an empty state. alloc init initializeStack QUESTION 6 In a doubly linked list, some of the operations require modification from how they were implemented for a regular linked list, because of the ____ pointer(s) in each node. null two three QUESTION 7 We can traverse a singly linked list backward starting from the last node. True False QUESTION 8 A precondition is a statement specifying the condition(s) that must be true before the function is called. True False QUESTION 9 To remove, or pop, an element from the stack ____. invert stackTop decrement stackTop by 1 increment stackTop by 1 QUESTION 10 To define new classes, you create new ____ files. header friend placeholder QUESTION 11 A technique in which one system models the behavior of another system is called ____. bench testing simulation referencing QUESTION 12 With the help of the ____, two values can be combined into a single unit and, therefore, can be treated as one unit. class unit class tuple class double class pair QUESTION 13 A ____ is a list in which each element contains a key, such that the key in the element at position k in the list is at least as large as the key in the element at position 2k + 1 (if it exists) and 2k + 2 (if it exists). heap hemp hash table QUESTION 14 Default arguments can be used with an overloaded operator. True False QUESTION 15 The syntax for accessing a class (struct) member using the operator -> is ____. pointerVariableName.classMemberName pointerVariableName&->classMemberName pointerVariableName->classMemberName QUESTION 16 The components of a class are called the ____ of the class. objects members operators QUESTION 17 Operations, such as finding the height, determining the number of nodes, checking whether the tree is empty, tree traversal, and so on, on AVL trees cannot be implemented the same way they are implemented on binary trees. True False QUESTION 18 The analysis of algorithms enables programmers to decide which algorithm to use for a specific application. True False QUESTION 19 A linked list is a collection of ____. addresses classes nodes QUESTION 20 In a ____, customers or jobs with higher priority are pushed to the front of the queue. false queue priority queue free queue double queue QUESTION 21 When the destructor ____ the queue, it deallocates the memory occupied by the elements of the queue. instantiates allocates destroys QUESTION 22 In breadth first traversal, starting at the first vertex, the graph is tra.

The number of key comparisons in a sequential search depends on the .pdf

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The Pirerras are planning to go to Europe 2 years from now and have agreed to set aside $170/month for their trip. If they deposit this money at the end of each month into a savings account paying interest at the rate of 2%/year compounded monthly, how much money will be in their travel fund at the end of the second year? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.) Solution FVoa = PMT [(((1 + i)^n) - 1) / i] Where: FVoa = Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity PMT = Amount of each payment (170) i = Interest Rate Per Period (0.02) n = Number of Periods (2 x 12)=24 $5171.72.

The Pirerras are planning to go to Europe 2 years from now and have .pdf

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51. Ingestion of material through pinocytosis can be found in (select all that apply) cells that line the kidney tubules cells that line the intestinal cell walls red blood cells macrophages 52. The sodium potassium pump requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP is an example of a facilitated diffusion carrier protien Moves sodium against its concentration gradient Moves potassium against its concentration gradient 53. Facilitated diffusion and active transport processes are similar in that both require the expenditure of cellular energy for the transport to occur require the function of membrane transport proteins both typically refer to the transport of material along its concentration gradient both typically refer to the transport of material against its concentration gradient 57. Bulk transport includes endocytosis exocytosis the sodium potassium pump both A and B both B and CA. cells that line the kidney tubulesB. cells that line the intestinal cell wallsC. red blood cellsD. macrophages Solution 51.A,B,D(Small proteins are reabsorbed by pinocytosis, digested, and the amino acids diffuse into the blood by proximal convoluted tubule.Nutrientss are absorbed by microvilli of intestinal wall by pinocytosis. Endocytosis is used by the macrophage to engulf a pathogen.) 52.A,B,C,D(done by active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy. The sodium potassium pump is an important and well understood example of active transport in which move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against concentration gradient using specialised carrier protein.). 53.B(facilitated diffusion allows substances to follow the concentration gradient either way, while active transport only has substances go one way, against their concentration gradient.Active transport needs energy, while facilitated diffusion does not need energy.) 57.D(Both are two types of bulk transport;they transport ions and other substances in bulk).

51.Ingestion of material through pinocytosis can be found in (sele.pdf

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The local city youth league needs a database system to help track children that sign up to play soccer. Data needs to be kept on each team and the children that will be playing on each team and their parents. Also, data needs to be kept on the coaches for each team. A. Entities required: ?- Team ?- Player ?- Coach ? -Parent B. Attributes required: ? -Team: Team ID number, Team name, and Team colors. ?- Player: Player ID number, Player first name, Player last name, and Player age. ?- Coach: Coach ID number, Coach first name, Coach last name, and Coach home phone number. ?- Parent: Parent ID number, Parent last name, Parent first name, Home phone number, and Home Address (Street, City, State, and ZIP Code). C. The following relationships must be defined: ? -Team is related to Player. ? -Team is related to Coach. ? -Player is related to Parent. D. Connectivities (cardinalities) and participations are defined as follows: ?- A Team may or may not have a Player. ?- A Player must have a Team. ?- A Team may have many Players. ? -A Player has only one Team. ? -A Team may or may not have a Coach. ? -A Coach must have a Team. ?- A Team may have many Coaches. ?- A Coach has only one Team. ?- A Player must have a Parent. ?- A Parent must have a Player. ?- A Player may have many Parents. ?- A Parent may have many Players. Solution A. Entities required: Team B. Attributes required: Team: Team ID number, Team name, and Team colors. C. The following relationships must be defined: Team is related to Player. D. Connectivities (cardinalities) and participations are defined as follows: A Team may or may not have a Coach..

The local city youth league needs a database system to help track ch.pdf

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The idea that, when life originated on Earth, a macromolecule other than DNA served the role of information storage and that this same macromolecule carried out catalysis is called the _____ hypothesis. 1) macromolecular world 2) water world 3) carbon world 4) RNA world The idea that, when life originated on Earth, a macromolecule other than DNA served the role of information storage and that this same macromolecule carried out catalysis is called the _____ hypothesis. 1) macromolecular world 2) water world 3) carbon world 4) RNA world Solution 4) RNA world In 1986, the RNA World Hypothesis was proposed by Walter Gilbert, on the possibility of RNA self-replication. However, the ability of the RNA molecules to catalyze the synthesis of another identical RNA is questioned. Many of the ribozymes can catalyze either the formation or breakup of phosphodiester bonds. In prokaryotes, the 23S and in eukaryotes, the 28S large subunits of rRNA are ribozymes, which catalyze the formation of peptide bonds. Many of the naturally occurring ribozymes can catalyze only one reaction, for example the self- splicing introns. The properties these ribozymes are far away from the expectations of RNA World Hypothesis. Perhaps, the self-replicating RNA was existed during the times of evolution but was replaced by the more stable DNA molecules..

The idea that, when life originated on Earth, a macromolecule other .pdf

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The amount of DNA per cell of a particular species is measured in cells found at various stages of meiosis and the cell cycle, and the following amounts are obtained: 3.7 pg, 7.4 pg, and 14.6 pg. Cells that contain 3.7 pg of DNA are likely found in which of the following stages? G1 G2 Prophase I Following telophase II and cytokinesis Anaphase I The amount of DNA per cell of a particular species is measured in cells found at various stages of meiosis and the cell cycle, and the following amounts are obtained: 3.7 pg, 7.4 pg, and 14.8 pg. Cells that contain 7.4 pg of DNA are likely found in which of the following stages? G1 G2 Prophase I Following telophase II and cytokinesis Anaphase I Solution After the completion of replication and prior to cytokinesis, a cell will have double the amount of DNA. Suppose a normal cell had X pg of DNA in its resting/G0 phase, then at the end of replication and before cytokinesis it will have 2X pg of DNA. The contents of the cells are halved at the end of meiosis I, therefore now, each cell would again have X pg of DNA (2X/2= X). However at the end of meiosis II, a single cell would have divided to 4 cells, hence each cell will contain X/2 pg of DNA. At G1 phase, no replication of DNA occurs. Therefore the amount of DNA at this phase would be normal. Hence the phase with 7.4 pg of DNA would be the G1 phase. At G2 phase, the amount of DNA is double as it occurrs right after the S pahse. Hence, this phase will have 14.8 pg of DNA. At Prophase I, the amount of DNA is double the normal amount since cytokinesis has not yet occurred. Therefore, this phase too will have 14.8 pg of DNA. Following Telophase II and cytokinesis, each cell would have been divided into 4 cells. So each cell will only contain X/2 pg of DNA. Hence, the cells at this phase will have 3.7 pg of DNA. At Anaphase I, the amount of DNA is double the normal amount since cytokinesis has not yet occurred. Therefore, this phase too will have 14.8 pg of DNA..

The amount of DNA per cell of a particular species is measured in cel.pdf

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Problem 1: Create flowcharts that would be used to generate pseudocode for the Bisection and False Position Methods. This may be done by hand or digitally. Solution Pseudocode for Bisection Method Input: A Left-hand endpoint of the interval containing the root B Right-hand endpoint of the interval containing the root Epsilon Error tolerance Func Pointer to function whose root is desired Max Maximum number of iterations Answer Best estimate obtained for desired root Verbose Boolean indicator of whether or not to print results of each iteration Initialize: a = A, b = B, fa = Func(a), fb = Func(b). (Note: If fa*fb >= 0, then the interval [a, b] may not contain the root) Begin Iterations: For i = 1 to Max Answer = (a + b) / 2 fx1 = Func( Answer ) If ( Verbose ) Output: I, a, Answer, b, and fx1, with appropriate labels END If ( |fx1| < Epsilon OR |b - a| < Epsilon ) Return END If ( fa * fx1 < 0 ) b = Answer ELSE a = Answer fa = fx1 END END Return. Similarly you can create pseudocode for the False Position Method..

Problem 1 Create flowcharts that would be used to generate pseudocod.pdf

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