1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked.pdf

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1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked”, a.) its expression is semi-permanently altered. b.) it is tagged for deletion. c.) its genetic code is temporarily modified. d.) all of the above 2.)A case in which Littorina snails upregulate shell deposition and develop a thicker shell when crabs are present is an example of: a.) seasonal polyphenism b.) phenotypic plasticity c.) genomic imprinting d.) amplification Solution 1. (a) its expression is semi-permanently altered. 2. (b) Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of a genotype to exhibit alternative morphological, behavioral and physiological characteristics in response to environmental condition. Inducible defenses are a ubiquitous form of plasticity that involve the production of chemicals, morphologies, or behaviors by prey species in response to predator cues. These changes reduce prey vulnerability to inducing predators or herbivores..

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D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random. II. In an eccuysteen, ficfors auch as food supply. climate, and predator population are keown as which of the Follawiag? A. Fivolutionary catatystc. B. Selestion prestures, C. Darwin'y tules: D. Survival of the fictest. 12. A bacteriologist places an antibkic ifrut in a preni dish centaining a strain of F . colf bacierin, Hlow is this. likely to affoct the bacterial populaticen? A. The Aacteria will sense the need to develop a resiutance to the antitiotis, which they will pass on to the resultiog genctation. 8. The initial sirain will be able to develop a resiitance, but since it will not change the geretic code, the next yeneration wiat be vulnerable to it and die eut. C. The aatibiotie will always kill the entife perpulation of bacteria. D. Existing variants that are more resistance to the antibsetle will savive and maltiply, and eventually the revalting population will becume resistant. 33. A fish biologist colkets guppies from a stream with predators that loyy in on bright coloring and place them in a stream that lacks prodators. Which of the following codld be predicted to occur? A. Crippies would bocome more colorful. 1i. Ginppies would becoune less colorflal. C. Geppics would not change is coloration. D. Cuppies would evolve to have females prefer less colorful males. 34. Which of these cotiditions should completely prevent the occurrence af natural selection in a popalation ower tirtic? A. All variation between individuais is doe oaly to enviroumental factors. B. The environment is changing at a relatively show rate. C. The population sive is large. D. The population lives in a hathitat where there are few pecdators pecsent. 35. Given a population chat contains genctic variation, what is the correct sequence of the followinge events, under the influence of natural seloctioa? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more oflspring than poorly adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the emvironment. 3. Gehetic frequencies within the popelation change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. A , 2 4 1 3 B. 4 2 1 3 C : 4 1 2 3 D. 2 4 3 1 36. Neutraf alleles are those that do not alter fitness; the average reproductive suceess does not differ between individuats that carry one neulral allele or another. A. TrueB. False 37. Humans are among the most genetically diverse species on the planet. A. True B. False 38. Which ot the following best describes somatic line mutations? A. Most are beneficinl to the organism, but not the offspring, B. Most are passed on to the offspring. C. Most do not pass on to the offispring. D. Most occur in plants, but not in animtats. 39. A single mutation affects multiple traits through which process? A. Epistasis, B. Gene duplication. C. Pleiotropy, D. Recombination. nitinatien 1) Surv nul of she fitent. A. Giegeres woplat bopume move coloefial. 11. Cuppiesi woind hecone kesi colortit. timeit C. The porulation siotis Laree. 1). The popul.

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1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through more than 3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has always replaced extinct species with new ones.” ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH 2. The second stage of denial usually emerges as, “Why rush to save all the species right now? We have more important things to do. Why not keep live specimens in zoos and botanical gardens and return them to the wild later?\" Answer in 1-2 paragraph Solution Ques-1: 1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through more than 3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has always replaced extinct species with new ones.” ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH Answer: Evolution has always replaced extinct species with new ones. The evolution of new species & extinction of species on the biosphere is mainly depends on the \"environmental factors\", predation-prey factors, mutations & these are going to be induced in the individual cellular genome either by migration or genetic drift. Sometimes, these genetic variations are leading to incidence of speciation so that evolution of new species occur sometimes, may leading to extinction due to low fitness (higher incidence of deleterious recessive alleles due to interbreeding). Sometimes, inbreeding depression is result in loss of heterozygosity in a population so species result in extinction of species. This inbreeding is natural so that extinction is natural. Individuals often develop favorable traits of these eyespots to escape from predators via natural selection & genetic variations in the successive generations with evolution of new traits in the new species as an evolutionary adaptation to attain adequate offspring fitness and to struggle for the existence..

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In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering material. Solution Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D is correct. Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct. Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option D is correct. Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C. Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..

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