This document summarizes key information about interferons: - Interferons are cell signaling proteins produced by human cells in response to viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections to interfere with pathogen replication. - There are three main types of interferons - Type I (INF-α and INF-β), Type II (INF-γ), which have different functions in the immune response and activating antiviral proteins. - Type I interferons signal nearby uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins that degrade viral nucleic acids and prevent replication when a virus infects those cells. - Recombinant versions of interferons are used clinically for certain conditions, including alpha interferon drugs Roferon and Intron

1. Presentation
presented by Mesam Baloch
presented to Ma’am zahra Rafi

2. Interferon
• nterferon's : Interferon are a large family of
cell secretary proteins (cytokines) .
• They are cell signaling molecule of the
immune system .
• interferon are produce by human cell .
• Give response to invasion by several pathogen
like virus , bacteria and parasite .

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• also produce by tumor and cancer cell
• Interferons are so named because of their
ability to interfere with viral replication

4. Types of interferon
• Types of interferon INF,S Type I Type II IFN- α
and IFN- β IFN- γ

5. Type I interferon's
• INF α and β .
• Identical in structure and function .
• INF α are secreted by virally infected
leukocytes e,g macrophages, monocytes and
some lymphocytes .
• INF β are secreted by fibroblasts

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• Type I interferon interfere with viral
replication in uninfected cell Also alert
immune cell such as NK that an infection has
occurred

7. Anti-Viral Mechanisms
• When virus infect the cell .
• Transfer the nucleic acid to the target cell .
• Produce new viruses .
• Response of the cell is to produce interferon
(interferon 1) .
• INF are move and bind to the near cell that are
uninfected .
• Give the signal to the cell to produce antiviral protein .
• When virus infect the cell the antiviral protein are
activated and degrade the virus nucleic acid

8. Different Interferon Drugs
• Interferons are broken down into recombinant
versions of a specific interferon subtype and
purified blends of natural human interferon.
• Many of these are in clinical use and are given
intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
• Recombinant forms of alpha interferon include:
• Alpha-2a drug name Roferon .
•Alpha-2b drug name Intron A.
•Alpha-n1 drug name Wellferon .
•Alpha-n3 drug name AlferonN .

9. • Alpha-con1 drug name InfergenRecombinant
forms of beta interferon include:
• Beta-1a drug name Avonex
• Beta-1b drug name Betaseron

10. Thank you