Activity 2.2 Food Webs

Activity 2.2 Food Webs
Activity 2: Everything is connected One advantage of food webs is that it shows the
interconnectedness of organisms in an ecosystem. In fact, removing one organism from a complex
food web can have drastic effects on everything above and below it. Use your constructed food web
to complete the following activity and answer the following questions. (6 points) 1) Shuffle up your
cards and randomly select one card. a. What is the name of the organism you selected? 
Leaves/Grass b. If this organism is removed, make 3 specific predictions of what will happen to the
food web (your specific prediction includes the organism affected and if it will increase, decrease,
etc. and WHY). 1. The number of animal who depends on leaves or grass will ... Show more content
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The number of predators will decrease as the prey population decrease. There's just not enough prey
to go around with the leaves/grass being gone. 3. Most of the animal population will remain low
because there's not enough food to go around. The prey's population will stay low due to the loss of
the leaves/grass and the predators will stay low because the prey population is low. 2) Repeat the
above procedure by re–shuffling the cards and choosing another organism a. What is the name of the
organism you selected?  Wolf b. If this organism is removed, make 3 specific predictions of what
will happen to the food web (your specific prediction includes the organism affected and if it will
increase, decrease, etc.). 1. The population of elk, mule deer and bison will increase because there
are not many predators anymore. 2. Competition will soon rise with the increase of the elk, mule
deer and bison population. There are too many of them and too little resources for them all to
consume. 3. Other animal might die due to the over population of the elk, mule deer and bison. They
might take over other animal's homes or adapt to a new food that competes with other animals.
Questions (12
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Baseball, Hockey, And Soccer
Cierra Brewington Mrs. Overby College Prep Writing 18 November, 2015 Research Log Baseball,
football, hockey, and soccer, all of these sports are American past times. Most have their favorite
teams in which they follow and some even tail gate at their games. Then you also have your die–
hard fans who get dressed up in the team colors and according to team name or mascot. In some
cases like that of Red skin fans that sometimes include fans appropriating Native Americans by
wearing red face paint, head dresses, and war paint. In recent years the Red Skins and other sports
teams have received back lash from the Native American communities demanding that they change
their name and mascot due its racial insensitivity and stereotyping of the Native American people.
Some will debate that sport team names and mascots like that of the Red Skins, Cleveland Indians,
Atlanta Braves or the Chicago Blackhawks are not offensive but in my personal opinion Pro sports
teams should not be allowed to continue to appropriate race or culture. Most people don't put too
much thought into what we have come to think as generic sport team names such as Braves,
Warriors, Chiefs, and etc. Many do not think of the negative affect these names may have on Native
American communities. Frank Deford from the Morning Addition has spoken to some Native
American activists whom believe, "that the use of such nicknames and the display of dancing
costumed mascot who amuse crowds at games manage to perpetuate the

Arkansas River Trail Essay
Older adults in Arkansas can help improve their physical health through outdoor recreation like
exploring walking trails. Walking in nature may also help a senior increase their energy level and
lessen their chances of experiencing depression. The following trails in Arkansas seniors would find
easy–to–walk and appealing:
Tollantusky Trail
This 1.5–mile paved loop trail in Conway, Arkansas, is easy–to–follow and open year–round. A
senior exploring this trail will find themselves walking through the woodlands along an edge where
they can see beautiful views of the Arkansas River. If a senior needs a break, there are resting stops
along the trail. Not only is walking in nature a mood boosting activity for a senior, but it'll also help
them improve their muscle strength and sense of balance.
The Historic Van Winkle Trail ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During their scenic walk, seniors will get some exercise and learn about the history of the trail by
reading the interpretive signs that tell the story of the area and the Van Winkle family during and
after the Civil War. While exploring this nature trail, they will see a variety of beautiful wildflower,
raised gardens, a flowing stream and wildlife. Dogs on a leash are welcome. This trail is
wheelchair–friendly. Guided tours are available.
Hideout Hollow Trail
Open year–round, this 2–mile trail near Compton, Arkansas, has many flat areas and is good for all
skill levels. While taking a stroll on this trail lined with beautiful wildflowers, a senior can do some
birding and be able to view breathtaking waterfalls when they reach the end of the path. If an older
adult wants to make visiting this trail a true adventure, primitive camping overnight is an option
available to them.
Bell Slough Nature

Red Tailed Hawk Research Paper
Red–tailed Hawks Did you know that the red–tailed hawk is in the accipitridae family of birds?
There could even be one flying around in your neighborhood. Read this paper if you want to know a
red–tailed hawk's traits, habitat, breeding choices, and cool things about them! Red–tailed hawks
average between 48 to 65 centimeters in length. There wingspan is approximately 4 feet,or 122
centimeters. There is sexual dimorphism in size, females are 25% larger than males. This kind of
sexual dimorphism, where females are larger than males are common in birds of prey. Wow! That is
pretty amazing. Red–tailed hawks live in deciduous forests and open areas. Here are some places
where they might live, swamps, deserts, tundra, plains, and

Difference Between City Red Tailed Hawks
The red tailed hawk is a creature that can be found in largely green areas of land, like golf courses or
any wild life like areas around the area. However, there is such thing as a Red tailed Hawk living in
a commercialized society like the big city. In this article by Joan L. Morrison, Isabel G. W. Gottlieb,
and Kyle E. Pias, they want to find out what the difference between city Red Tailed Hawks is and
what the difference between Urban Red Tailed Hawks is. They start investigating this method by
choosing the Hartford Country in Connecticut. They also kept in touch on which hawks they would
like to investigate, around 11 Red tailed hawks are radioed bugged and kept in surveillance by the
research group. They took pictures of the area to mark

Bird Watching
The Study of Birds and Bird Watching Information
Running Head: BIRDS AND BIRD WATCHING
Abstract
In this research paper about birds and bird watching it includes the learning of what exactly bird
watching is, the best places to bird watch in the world, where to find birds for bird watching, the
greatest time of year (seasons), as well as the worst time to consider bird watching, the many diverse
species of birds that you might see at the various different bird watching locations in the world, and
even the supplies needed while bird watching.
The Study of Birds and Bird Watching Information Bird watching, some call it birding, is a hobby
where you stare and observe birds in the wild in their natural, home ... Show more content on
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A pair of binoculars or a telescope makes the bird seem closer to you, making you able to see the
close up details of the bird. While on a bird watching trip, many people bring a pair of binoculars or
a telescope, sometimes even a bird guide. These bird guides will help you to spot and know what
certain bird species are. Although the majority of bird watchers are pretty well–informed, a guide
confirm identification of birds spotted, and helps birders who may be traveling in land they haven't
explored before. Many bird watchers have a "bird watching life list", which is a paper that they carry
around that helps them to keep up with the birds they have seen and the birds they haven't seen yet.
Also, a sound recorder would be helpful. Since it can be hard to identify some types of birds, you
could record what you hear and play it back later for identification by an expert. Extra gear that a
bird watcher may find to need include heavy weight boots for different land they aren't used to and
layered clothes to help deal with the changing weather. As for Florida, it's thought of as "a
birdwatcher's paradise." The perfectly mild weather, location and diverse surroundings attract over
470 different species of birds. Many experienced bird watchers suggest getting a field guide for the
area where you would want to go birding. A field guide is a booklet with images of the birds and
guidelines for classifying them. After you

Olympic National Park Research Paper
Olympic National Park is a diverse ecosystem with 922,651 acres of wilderness, which include 60
glaciers, 13 rivers, 57 miles of coastline, over 600 miles of hiking trails and the largest herd of
Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) in America. Olympic National Park ecosystems
include subalpine forest, meadows, temperate rain forest, and the Pacific coastline; making this a
diverse ecosystem. Because of the variety of elevations climate will vary, during october to march
temperature will average "35ᵒF/2ᵒC to 50ᵒF/10ᵒC" and the rest of the year "55ᵒF/13ᵒC to 70ᵒF/21ᵒC"
(Grace Lambert). Annual rainfall also varies from the western and the northeast side of the park. The
western side of the park is the wettest side with an average ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These areas are called the Coastal, Lowland, Temperate rain forest, Montane, Subalpine, and Alpine.
The most common trees and plant in the Coastal Forest is the Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Salal
(Gaultheria shallon), and the Deer fern (Blechnum spicant). Second, the Lowlands common species
are Douglas–fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Coast Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa), and Bleeding
Heart (Dicentra formosa). Third, the Temperate Rain Forest most common trees and plants are Sitka
Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), Licorice fern (Polypodium glycyrrhiza),
and Oregon Oxalis (Oxalis oregana). Fourth, the Montane Forest includes the Alaska Yellow–Cedar
(Chaemaecyparis nootkatensis), Salal (Gaultheria shallon), and Coralroot (Corallorhiza
mertensiana). Fifth, the Subalpine Forest trees and plants are the Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga
mertensiana), Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.), and Avalanche Lily (Erythronium montanum). And lastly
the Alpine Forest includes only a few common species the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and
Flett's violet (Viola flettii). The variety of tree and plant seem to change with

Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
Near the small town of San Antonio, NM is a spectacular display of one of nature's finest balanced
beauty and wilderness paradise, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, situated on the
northern edge of the Chihuahuan desert and straddling the Rio Grande. Fitting is the name Bosque
del Apache, meaning "woods of the Apache," a reminder of the Apache peoples of long ago who
lived along the Rio Grande. The 57,331–acre refuge was established in 1939 by President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, an effort aimed to preserve the area as a wildlife habitat. The nucleus of the
refuge is 7,000 acres of flood–plain, an extensive area of wetlands and farmlands. Arid foothills and
towering mesas ascend to the Chupadera Mountains and the San Pascual Mountains, giving shape to
a landscape that captivates. Remnants of a lost civilization are evident in the petroglyphs in the
region, along with stone tools and other artifacts. The Piro Indians that lived in the valley at least
700 years ago, hunted, fished, and farmed the land. Today, the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife
Refuge protects the ruins that tell their story. It continues to be a magnet for human migration along
its corridor, and provides shelter for a diversity of wildlife that creates incredible sounds and sights
that are awe–inspiring. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The wetlands of spring welcomes migrating shorebird species, including sandpipers, stilts, plovers,
dunlins, curlews, and avocets. The colors of summer come alive with an array of birds atop trees
with beautiful sounds filling the air. These include black–chinned, calliope, broad–tailed, red–tailed
hawk, white–crowned sparrow, tanager and rufous hummingbird. Cranes and geese make their
appearance in early fall, coyotes, northern shovelers dabble on the water, javelina, and mule deer
idle or prance about in the open meadow, and wild turkeys trek in their roosting

Swift Fox Research Paper
Throughout history, species have evolved and evolved over time. Evolution is caused by many
factors some of which include natural selection, mutations, genetic drift, neutral or random
evolution, migration or gene flow. Unlike evolution, many species are being extinct such as the Baiji
River Dolphin, the Javan tiger, and golden toad. Before these organisms extinct, they were first
endangered. An endangered specie is a specie on the brinck of extinction. This is the case of the
swift fox, also known as Vulpes velox. For decades, scientists have thrived to keep the Vulpes velox
from extinction through many means. To understand the swift foxes' lifespan, one must learn their
history and background, reasons they're declining in numbers, historical homeland and present
homeland and finally factors that caused this decline.
Swift foxes are usually found in prairies. The swift fox is a small fox around the size of a domestic
housecat, and is found in the western grasslands of North America, such as Colorado, New Mexico
and Texas. They feed on rabbits, prairie dogs, ground squirrels, mice, reptiles, ... Show more content
As we've study in the zoology class, different types of birds eat different things, some prefer grain,
worms, or a best flight predator such as eagles. Eagles are carnivores, enjoying raw meats.
Unfortunately this also means swift foxes. According to the Species at Risk Public Registry.gc.ca
Because of their unmatchable speed and accurate sight perception, they are the best predators.
Although swift foxes are known for their speed, they are no match for the ruthless and agility of a
eagle. Moreover, a close relative of eagles are hawks, they are relatively smaller in size than eagles,
but none the less vicious with their preys, which also include the swift foxes. Because the swift
foxes are declining in numbers, they are less eaten by coyotes, eagles and

All About Eagles
All about Eagles
Think of an eagle...what comes to mind? A large powerful bird of prey, swooping down and
snatching up its next victim? Or maybe you imagine a beautiful and noble bird with very likable
qualities. Actually, eagles are all of that and more. In the United States, the Bald Eagle is a symbol
of justice, strength, and fairness. The Bald Eagle is after all, our national symbol. However, to the
rest of the world the eagle may bring to mind many different images. That is because there are many
different types of eagles. In fact there are about 59 different species of eagles throughout the world,
and they can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
Eagles are members of the bird family Accipitridae, and belong to several ... Show more content on
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cirrhatus * Mountain Hawk–Eagle, S. nipalensis * Blyth's Hawk–Eagle, S. alboniger * Javan Hawk–
Eagle, S. bartelsi * Sulawesi Hawk–Eagle, S. lanceolatus * Philippine Hawk–Eagle, S. philippensis
* Wallace's Hawk–Eagle, S. nanus * Black Hawk–Eagle, S. tyrannus * Ornate Hawk–Eagle, S.
ornatus * Black–and–white Hawk–Eagle, S. melanoleucus * Genus Lophaetus * Long–crested
Eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis – possibly belongs in Ictinaetus * Genus Stephanoaetus * Crowned
Eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus * Genus Polemaetus * Martial Eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus *
Genus Hieraaetus * Ayres' Hawk–eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii * African Hawk–Eagle, H. spilogaster *
New Guinea Hawk–Eagle, H. weiskei * Genus Harpagornis (extinct) * Haast's Eagle, †Harpagornis
moorei – possibly belongs in either Hieraaetus or Aquila
A Steppe Eagle in Lahore Zoo Pakistan. * * Genus Aquila * Bonelli's Eagle, Aquila fasciata –
formerly Hieraaetus fasciatus * Booted Eagle, A. pennata – formerly Hieraaetus pennatus * Little
Eagle, A. morphnoides * Golden Eagle, A. chrysaetos * Eastern Imperial Eagle, A. heliaca *
Rufous–bellied Eagle, A. kienerii * Spanish Imperial Eagle A. adalberti * Steppe Eagle, A.
nipalensis * Tawny Eagle, A. rapax *

Monuments Valley Research Paper
Sacred/Thrilling natural sites Justin Penny Monument Valley The place I choose was Monument
Valley, why because of how spectacular and diverse it is in biodiversity and how majestic it is in
landscape. Since Stagecoach was filmed there in 1938, it has been a popular location for many
feature films and television commercials. The place is usually used for filming location for Western
movies because of the landscape. The Monument Valley is home to few wonderful and beautiful
animals. There is the Longnose leopard lizard or the Gambelia wislizenii, red–tailed hawk, the tree
sparrow, mountain lions, and jack rabbit. First is the Mountain Lion. The mountain lion is a large cat
with an elongate body, powerful limbs, small head, short face, short rounded ears, long neck and a
long, round, black–tipped tail. An adult total length is from 171 to 274 cm in males, 150 to 233 cm
in females. This animal is athletic, It can climb tall cliffs, and run at a very high speed. Another
animal is the The tree sparrow, these animals are small and usually found in the Winter. They often
fluff out their feathers. Unlike ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Monument Valley is the Purple Sage which is 3 to 6 feet long with flowers that are light purple.
The leaves found on it are white tomentose which look like a fuzzy grey leaf. The purple sage
thrives in the desert environment because of its lack of need of water. The purple sage was able to
adapt to the harsh conditions of Monument Valley due to its size and thin layer of wax on the leaves.
On the leaves of the plant there is a waxy cuticle layer that most desert plants have. This adaptation
helps keep water in and reduces transpiration (is when a plant absorbs water in its roots.) Also, the
little hairs on the leaves allow the purple sage to reflect sunlight and reduce the movement of air on
its surface. This leads to less

The Predators Of Eastern Grey Squirrels
RESULTS We found that Eastern grey squirrels are less likely to be active in an area when the threat
of a predator is present, although there is no correlation to predator noise and feeding. There was a
significant difference in the mean number of Eastern grey squirrels in the area where the predator
noise was played, with a greater number squirrels in the areas when there was no threat of predation
(Table 1) (p=0.006). During the absence of a predator and presence of a predator, there was no
statistically significant difference in the number of squirrels that fed from the plate (Table 1) (p=
0.118) or peanuts taken (Table 1) (p= 0.085). Table 1. Mean (+ StdDev) squirrels in area, feeding,
and number of peanuts eaten during predator absent and predator present tests on St. Lawrence
University campus property. Squirrels in Area Squirrels Feeding Number of Peanuts Eaten Sample
Size (n) Predator Absent Predator Present Statistical Output (p–value) 3.33(+ 1.36) 0.66( + 1.21)
0.006 2.17( +2.56) 0.17(+0.41) 0.118 4.67(+5.13) 0.17(+0.41) 0.085 6 6 The manipulated factor
between treatments– predator absent and predator present– was the use of a known predator of
squirrel's unique call, while also noting its relevant presence in the North Country. In Figure 1, the
trend in the mean number of squirrels feeding is visualized to note that despite there being no
statistically significant difference in the data collected during each condition, there is a trend that

Tropical Rainforest Research Paper
The tropical rainforest is very diverse; there all sorts of animals and plants that live there. When you
think of a rainforest you usually imagine it's giant trees and very green plants. You would also
imagine the type of animals that live there and most people imagine Toucans, Red– eyed tree frogs,
but most of all the Bengal Tiger. Why? Well, it's mostly because of what we've learned from school
but also because of how often we see them online. And the reason that we see them so often is
because of how much they are decreasing in population. Bengal Tigers are endangered species and
so many organizations are trying their best to save them from extinction. Another animal that is in
the same position as them is the Chimpanzee, which also live in many tropical rainforests. ... Show
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And that isn't quite surprising considering that people don't know that there are organizations out.
The tropical rainforest is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The
tropical rainforest is in parts of South America, Africa, and in Southern Asia. The tropical rainforests
living specimens are all in the food web, most are plants and animals. At the bottom of the food web
are the plants. Many plants get eaten by herbivores. Plants, though, use photosynthesis to get their
energy and food. Some plants are the Brazilian Nut Tree, the Strangler Fig Tree, and the Kapok
Tree. In the middle are the prey, they are herbivores and the predators eat them. Some animals are
the toucan, red–eyed tree frog, and the orangutan. At the top are the predators, they are known as the
strongest of the food web. The predators will always eat the weakest below them like prey. Some
animals include the tiger, red tailed hawk and

La Mauricie National Park Research Paper
La Mauricie National Park
La Mauricie national park is famous for all its beautiful lakes and forest and obviously its different
variety of wildlife. The many hills that sprout from la Mauricie national park are speckled with
magnificent lakes. The park is located in the Canadian Shield, where the formations are a billion
years old, but it is still the youngest area. There are a variety of tree species, more than 400 species
of plants, 85 mosses, and close to 70 lichens species. A couple of rare plants are monitored by the
park. Broad leaf trees are usually found in the north of the park and boreal trees further down south.
Trees such as the the sugar maple, the yellow birch, the balsam fir, the pine, christmas trees, and the
spruce are spread around the park densely. Animals are also another attraction in the park for
visitors. There is a lot of species of mammals, even more species of birds, around a dozen species of
reptiles and almost 30 fish species. There are some white tailed deer, long tailed ... Show more
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There is one big group camp, a couple hundreds of primitive campsites, a couple of nice bed and
breakfasts, and some partially developed campgrounds. There are also cottages and lodges in the
woods where it is far away from any roads. There is 2 visitor centres and 3 information booths
spread around the astounding park. There are some stunning scenery of the park through the couple
of paradisiacal roads. Through those roads there are wonderful lookout stations where people could
get off and observe the fascinating wildlife and the unbelievably marvelous view. Awesome
picnicking spots are available in the park, so is hiking, swimming, canoeing, camping, cross–
country skiing, or kayaking. Everybody in the park come here to watch the stunning sunrises and the
blinding sunsets. In the fall people come to the park to watch and take pictures of the maple

Orange County Research Paper
Where is a good place to travel to? What place would I love to travel to? The place that I would love
to travel to Orange County. Orange County, California, a south western city, has many activities,
tourist sites, and beautiful beaches; one being Huntington Beach. I have always wanted to go there
and tour the area and do all of their activities. This is the place I have wanted to go to since the first
time I heard about it. There are tons of activities to do in Orange County. They range from water
jetpacking all the way to long–board skateboarding. There is also surfing, yachts, jetpacks, and
skiing. In Orange County they have many surfing competitions and even offer surfing lessons. There
are also many shops that sell a lot of items that many surfers will use while surfing. Next, there are
many skiing resorts that allow tourist to ski and snowboard. The resorts have rental boards and boots
for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a beach on the edge of Orange County where surfing competitions happen. The beach has
white sand and a peer. The peer goes out over water and has a restaurant on it. According to
"Welcome to Orange County, California" the restaurant is a local company to Orange County and is
not a chain restaurant. The beach is popular to all of the people in Orange County. The beach has
many stores for surfing and wakeboarding. Huntington Beach is also known for it is beautiful and
amazing sunsets in the summer nights. The beach is something that I would go to every day if I went
to Orange County. I would surf because I could rent all the equipment I need. I would also meet
some of the surfers from the Hollister brand, and learn some tips and tricks to surfing. According to
the website "Huntington Beach wants you to get there" the beach was constructed for $114,000
mainly to attract attention to all of the people in Orange County. Orange County wanted to make this
a big part of Orange County for all the people that come and

Ghost Hawk Synopsis
Synopsis
Ghost Hawk is about the experiences of two young men named Little Hawk and John Wakeley, who
grow up in different environments yet are trapped in the same conflict between the Englishmen and
the Indians in the American Indian Wars.
Plot Summary The story began when a Indian man took out a tomahawk blade and twisted two slim
branches from a small bitternut hickory tree on a salt marsh around the blade. Eleven years later, the
same man chopped down the same tree and gave the finished tomahawk to his son, Little Hawk. He
informed him that he was going to go through a ritual that required him to survive three months in
the woods alone. When he returns, Little Hawk will finally prove himself as a man. The tomahawk
is one of the things ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John just stood in shock. Two Englishmen came out the trees, one was named Daniel Smith and the
other was named Walter Kelly. They had thought Little Hawk was attacking John so they killed him.
They threw Little Hawk's body aside, and started hacking at the branch to free John's father. John
began to cry and shrieked at the men, saying that Little Hawk was just trying to help. John started to
grow a sense of hatred towards the two Englishmen. People carried John's father away in a litter and
nobody noticed John taking Little Hawk's tomahawk and sliding it under his jacket. That night,
John's father died. Soon after, Daniel Smith married John's mother. One year later, Daniel sent John
away to be an apprentice to a cooper named Master Medlycott. On the way, he met a pretty girl
named Huldah Bates who was going to live with the Kelly household and help the mistress there.
When John arrived to the Medlycott household, Master Medlycott greeted him and gave him tasks
to do. The schedule was same every week. On Sundays, John and the Medlycotts went to the
meetinghouse for a sermon. John rarely had the chance to speak to Huldah Bates but they exchanged
smiles in the meetinghouse. One Sunday, a preacher named Roger Williams arrived at the
meetinghouse and talked about freedom of religion and stated that everyone are all brothers and
sisters, including the Indians. This disturbed many

Creative Writing: Ramon And Uncle Luis
Ramon and Uncle Luis walked down the dusty dirt road leading to the ballfield. It was a warm
spring morning. Ramon stopped to look at some wildflowers that were beginning to bloom when
Uncle Luis tapped him on the shoulder.
"Look up in the sky, Ramon," said Uncle Luis. "There's a red–tailed hawk circling overhead!"
Ramon looked up to see the big bird complete a wide circle in the sky before disappearing over the
distant tree line. He had never seen a hawk before.
"Wow!" Ramon exclaimed. "How did you know what type of bird that was?" "Well, birding takes a
lot of knowledge and practice," answered Uncle Luis. He explained that the bird they saw soared
high in the sky, barely flapping its wings. It held its wings out straight as it flew and

Solving Open-Ended Questions
When assessing the surveys, each open–ended response was given a score of +1, 0, or –1. For the
open–ended questions testing knowledge retention, a score of +1 was given to a correct answer, 0
for nearly correct, and –1 for completely incorrect or no answer. One of the open–ended questions
required students to remember four characteristics of raptors, so they received a score for each part
of their answer, with a maximum value of +4. For the open–ended question asking what birds they
saw, a score of +1 was given to "Eastern Screech Owl" or "Red Tailed Hawk", 0 for "hawk" or
"owl", and –1 for no answer or any of the birds' names. This question required two parts for the
answer, so they were graded for both birds, with a maximum value of +2 if both species were given.
To score the questions testing emotions, a +1 was given for positive emotions, 0 for no answer, and
a –1 for negative emotions. Emotions deemed positive include excited, happy, and fun; emotions
deemed negative included sad, bad, and chilled. To score the last question of the survey that asked
students to choose if they agreed or disagreed with statements, a score of +2 was given if they
checked agree a lot, +1 for agree a little, 0 for neutral, –1 for disagree a little, and –2 for ... Show
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The scores were broken down further and grouped into three categories; knowledge retention,
emotions towards ambassadors, and attitudes towards conservation. The maximum score in the
category of knowledge retention was eight, for emotions the maximum was eight, and the maximum
for attitudes was ten. The mean and standard deviation was calculated for both the overall score and
in each category. Then, a two sample t–test was performed using a significance of p < 0.05. The t–
test was used to determine significance between control and treatment groups in overall score,
knowledge retention, emotions towards ambassadors, and attitudes towards

Red Tailed Hawk Research Paper
The Red Tailed Hawk is one of God's amazing creatures. It is a great majestic creature that shows
Gods guiding gentle hand in its creation. The bird was made toward the top of the food chain. The
hawk is able to spot animals from one hundred feet in the air, and attack and kill small prey such as
mice, voles, shrews, moles, squirrels, chipmunks, rats, rabbits, opossums, muskrats, cats, skunks,
and bats. These are some of the hawk's prey. This is why it is toward the top of the food chain. These
birds most commonly found in North America. It will breed through a wide range from western
Alaska and Northern Canada all the way to the west Indies and Panama. The bird is one of the larger
birds in its subspecies it weighs about 1.52–3.53 pounds or 690–1600 grams, and measuring 45–65
centimeters or 18–26 Inches in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bird will reach its sexual maturity at the age of 2 years old. The bird is monogamous, which
means it mates with a bird for many years or even life. Usually only finding new mates when one of
the other mates die. Also while together the mates will defend the same nesting territory for many
years. The main threat to the nesting is the Great Horn Owl. The owl begins its mating and nesting
before the hawk, so this is why the hawk defends its old nesting. The hawk and owl will destroy
both each other's nests and eggs. The owls are unable to build their own nest so they try to steal the
hawks. While the birds are mating they will circle around each other shrilling loud shrilling sounds.
The males will then begin to do air shows going up high a diving and climbing again. He may
during this briefly grab the talons of the females with his. After the air show which can last 10
minutes or longer the birds will then begin some sexual intercourse. Although there is not always the
air show before reproducing. This happens usually late winter to early spring. It will happen
multiple times a

Essay about Personal Narrative
My Mother, the Hippie
My mother is a "hippie" in every sense of the word. Therefore, as a young child, I spent a lot of time
in the Great Outdoors. There were even some years in which we traveled around living on commune
farms. I remember the huge gardens where you could always find my mom, and where I earned my
nickname "Beans". I recall the cats and goats that were always roaming around, and I remember
falling asleep in rooms stacked to the ceiling with bunkbeds, where all of the kids on the farm slept.
So what in the world does this have to do with a reflection of the first day of class? Simply put, it
reaffirms the old adage that we become exactly like our parents. When I reached my adolescent
years, I hated being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As my mother lives in Alaska, she has only been to Miami to visit me once since I moved here, and
unfortunately it was within the first few months that I lived here, so I was unable to adequately
provide her with answers to her inquiries of the local plant and animal life. But now, even after only
one day of class, I feel the need to call my mom and tell her all about the plants and animals I saw,
and which are native to Florida and which are exotic species. Furthermore, I am excited to call my
grandparents, who still live in Wisconsin, and explain to them the wild edible berries that I ate
(cocoa plums) and tell them how much I thought they tasted like wild Wisconsin blueberries.
However, I am also drawn to reflect on the grandest part of the afternoon––the illustrious airboat
ride, equipped with illustrious tour guide. I am almost ashamed to admit that this man is exactly the
type you would find in Wisconsin, and his command of the English language is also quite similar.
But seriously, he was able to provide valuable insight into the areas we were viewing, which can
only be gained by living right in it, as he does. And as far as his marshmallow tossing habits, I find
no serious wrongdoing. Just as animals who perform in zoos are reinforced for doing backflips with
a piece of raw fish, or children who behave well are given candy, I feel these men are

Comparing Idlewood And Tyler State Park
The availability of food, water, shelter, and space varies among the different habitats in both survey
areas. Young forests, mature forests, open areas, and wetlands all had different factors that affected
the total population, total number of species, and species diversity of birds. To begin with, young
forests in both Idlewood and Tyler State Park were most populous and had the highest number of
different species in comparison to the other habitats. Since young forests have an open canopy,
sunlight is available and allows of growth of fast growing trees and shrubs and the availability of the
vegetation provides more birds with food and shelter. Mature forests have a closed canopy which
provides birds with a shelter from environmental factors such as rain and from ... Show more
In Idlewood, the open area was the second to least populous and had the least number of different
species. While Tyler State park's open area has the second to most diverse and populous recorded
number of birds. The open area in Idlewood included a grassy field that was cultivated by humans
for recreational reasons, but the open area in Tyler State Park included a farmland and the shrubs
alongside of it which is the cause for the difference in population and diversity among the two areas.
All habitats have limited space because of their boundaries (which were established in the classroom
and can be found in the Field Study) but some habitats, such as the young forest, are able to provide
more space for more species than other habitats, such as the wetlands. In regards to species
diversity, Idlewood's mature forest has the highest species diversity percentage at 8.52 because of
the species: population ratio. Tyler State Park's young forest has the highest species diversity
percentage at 12.88 because it had a higher number of different species than the other

Spirits of the Dead
When someone who we care deeply for passes away, it can be heartbreaking. However, with time,
most people come to realize that it is a part of life. The person's body has left the Earth, but their
spirit has not. In some cases, people see a reincarnation of spirit in other living things. In other
cases, people realize their loved one's spirit is with them forever. In his nonfiction, biographical
short story Buckeye, writer Scott Sanders sees his passed father's spirit in other living things, and
learns to let go of his death and appreciate that his spirit will always be with him wherever he goes.
A similar situation is found in "Spirits Of The Dead," a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe, which
structures and meaning show an evolution, a movement from sadness and depression to anger, to
closure in utter resignation. The poet writes about his wife, Virginia's death and how he goes through
the process of mourning to acceptance. Lastly, in "All is Well," poet Canon Henry Scott Holland
tells the reader that when the speaker of this experience, his spirit will be alive in the next room and
that he will still remain as the same person he was throughout life. These two poems and this short
story all have the same theme, spirits of our dearly beloved live on in the world around us. For
Sanders, his father spirit is in a red–tailed hawk. For Poe, spirits of the dead are in the dew–drops of
the grass. For the characters in Holland's stories, the spirits are in the next room. We choose to

Desert Solitaire Summary
Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness is the work for which Abbey is best known and by
which he is most frequently defined. It contains his views on a variety of subjects, from the
problems of the United States Park Service to an angry indictment of the evils of technology
masquerading under the guise of progress. No voice is more eloquent in the praise of America's
remaining wilderness nor more vitriolic in attacking those who would exploit and destroy it for
profit. In the introduction to Desert Solitaire, Abbey informs his readers that he has combined the
experiences of three summers spent as a park ranger at Arches National Monument into one for the
sake of narrative consistency. He writes that the first two summers were good ... Show more content
Abbey and Newcomb camp at the mouth of the Escalante River, where it joins the Colorado.
Newcomb remains behind to fish for catfish while the adventurous Abbey explores upstream. He
wanders up the labyrinthine canyon past untouched cliff dwellings of the Anasazi, the ancient people
who inhabited the land before the Navajo. He realizes that these, too, will be submerged under the
flooding water of the Colorado. Moreover, Abbey points out that the waters of Lake Powell will
irrigate no land, will grow no crops. Instead, the trapped water will produce power–power to make
possible the continued urban sprawl of Phoenix and Albuquerque–and provide an aquatic
playground for well–to–do suburbanites, whose noisy powerboats will drown out the cry of the red–
tailed hawk, the calls of the killdeer and sandpiper. When Abbey returns down the canyon at
nightfall to rejoin his fellow adventurer Newcomb, he is greeted by the smell of cooking catfish and
the night sounds of the river. He reflects that this is all the paradise that is needed. The beauty of the
place is heartbreaking, as is the tragedy of its imminent disappearance under mud and water. As
Abbey and Newcomb approach the construction zone of the dam, a large sign that Abbey derisively
dubs "first billboard erected in Glen Canyon" reminds them that government, in the service of greed,
is willing to prosecute those who would trespass on the march of progress. The lyricism of

Cornell University: Personal Statement Of Purpose
The salty frigid dew and vigorous winds dampened my long black hair to cling onto my face and
neck. My linty gloves were ever so slightly frozen on the black metal bars. I leaned closer and
closed my eyes. The cacophonous sounds of churning water plunging into rocks grew louder and I
could no longer even shout over the thunderous angel's tears. I felt each rumble and vibration
growling under the bridge as if the water was demanding to be fed. When I opened my eyes the
glistening fog enhanced the silky fabric that diverged and cascaded into the depths of a foamy
vortex. If I stood still long enough, I may become a part of the liquid sliver vortex. This was the
moment I called Cornell home.
Cornell's traditional campus coexists with nature and furthers my ambitions to earn a Bachelor's in
Biology. I became fascinated with red–tailed hawks after watching Big Red and Ezra from the Lab
of Ornithology's live webcam. I was at first curious about their social behaviors, and later their
biological makeup. In addition with my father's passing from stage four colorectal liver metastases
cancer, my passion for biology and interest in the medical field blossomed.
The college of Arts and Sciences will give me the opportunity to take on new and unexpected
challenges during my undergraduate career. I don't only plan to cure a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With the resources that are available, I can find opportunities in the NanoScale Science and
Technology Facility to perform in depth research on cancer cells and shadow faculty to achieve my
second primary goal. I also will volunteer in Emergency Department in New York Presbyterian
Hospital, where we are responsible to to provide care, and counseling to patients and their family to
improve the quality of care. This increases effective communication between the Hospital and the
patient and directly correlates to my first goal of increasing effective communication between
patients and the

Royal Candian Coins Essay
Coins from the Royal Canadian Mint
Some of the most popular silver coins and bars from north of the border are produced by the Royal
Canadian Mint (RCM). These beautiful, low–premium coins from Canada are recognized around the
globe. From the iconic Maple Leaf to speciality issues such as the "Wildlife Series," these coveted
coins offer some of the most reasonable premiums among respected government issue bullion.
Learn more about coins from the Royal Canadian Mint and how the production process and price
make them a great investment option.
Basic Facts About the Royal Candian Mint
All of the circulation coins produced in Canada come from the Royal Canadian Mint. Plus, they
manufacture circulation coins on behalf of other countries. Additionally, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From 2005 to 2009, Palladium Maple Leaf coins were offered. Platinum Maple Leaf coins were
struck in various weights between 1988 through 199 and again in 2009. Special issue sets have also
been minted.
The Royal Canadian Silver Maple Leaf
One of the most recognized coins among investors around the globe is the Royal Canadian Silver
Maple Leaf (SML). They are an excellent choice for investor. These coins are available in 1 ounce,
½ ounce, ¼ ounce and 1/20 ounce. This puts them with reach for all types of customers. Often these
coins depict wildlife. They have been sold in sets and individually. Animals featured on the coins
include the grizzly bear, wolf, Arctic fox and Canadian linx as well as the moose, cougar and wood
bison.
Many satisfied investors have purchased and sold Silver Maple Leafs because of their afforabability
and availability. Knowing the solid history of these coins gives buyers the confidence to invest in
Silver Maple Leafs. Innovation and superior design make these notable coins a top choice for all
types of investors. Consider investing in the latest in the series, include one that features a red–tailed
hawk and another that features a bald

Arctic National Park Research Paper
I had to pick a park and i chose the gates of the arctic national park because it really hooked me and
interested me it sadly has no roads or trails bou is amazing also...
You should give the gates of the arctic $10,000,000 because it is a sanctuary for animals and has
been inhabited by many tribes. The gates of the arctic is very beautiful and is highly unpredictable.
If you like adventures than this is the perfect place for you. The gates of the arctic national park is
one of the last great wildlifes on earth. It also has a functioning arctic and six wild rivers. The tribes
include Nunamiut Eskimos, Eskimo people of the Kobuk and Noatak rivers, and the Koyukon
Indians. They mostly fed on caribou and made most of their clothes from caribou

In Cage 15 There Was A Bald Eagle
In Cage 15, there was a bald eagle. Regal and upright, imperial and intimidating, it stood on a log,
paying me no heed as I scribbled adjectives. A sign beside on the wooden cage beside the barred
window called her Spirit and informed the reader why she had been committed to the asylum. She'd
dislocated her left wing in 1989. Beside her on a little table sat the corpse of white field mouse, she
did not deign to acknowledge its existence either, at least not in my presence. The free birds noisily
inhabiting the woods and circling the lake beyond her cage were not ignored. I had seen bald eagles
before, but never in captivity or in their immediate vicinity. I had never heard one before. It was
unnerving. Like a laugh, the eagle's screech had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First to a hunchbacked Harris Hawk, who would once hunted in a large pack, and now in its solitary
confinement stared forlornly at the dirt. Then on to three kestrels, each cursed with injured wings.
The second of these, a female larger than the males, charged at me when I appeared in its window.
Repulsed by the metal bars and disappointed at its failure to pluck out my eyes, it resigned itself to
watch me through the gaps between the cage's wooden boards. Before leaving I went back to the
cage of the eagle, I admired her posture, her dignity, the way she wore the white cap like a crown. I
heard again her reply to the birds chirping, singing, flying free outside her cage. This screech
seemed even more hostile than the last. I did not want to hear

Biomes In The Tundra
Biomes are a large community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat. There are nine major
biomes in the world which include; tundra, taiga, temperate forest, tropical forest, desert, savanna,
chaparral, freshwater, and marine/salt water. "All of the biomes need to be protected over the past
several years, human activity has destroyed, exploited, or polluted many of the biomes." They are
spilt in three regions, temperate, tropical, and polar. And have two broad habitat types, terrestrial and
aquatic.
The tundra is a frosty biome, which makes it difficult for plants and animals similar to survive. This
biome is classified as terrestrial (living mainly on land, such as continental land masses or islands).
The Tundra is positioned throughout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difference is that the temperate forest is located in Canada, in the eastern part of the United
States, Europe, and some in Japan and China. Terrestrial biome is distinguished by common to
enormous seasonal changes in temperature; rainfall, however, is usually more evenly dispersed.
Leaves of deciduous trees drop during autumn and winter. This biome receives 30 to 60 inches of
rain each year. Temperate deciduous forests have a substantial range of plant species. There are three
levels of plants. Lichen, and other small plants can be found on the forest floor. Shrubs fill in the
middle level and hardwood trees like maple, oak, and beech make up the third level. The taiga and
the temperate deciduous forest overlap. There is a large diversity of animals in this biome. Insects,
spiders, turtles and salamanders are common. Birds like broad–winged hawks, cardinals, and
pileated woodpeckers are found in this biome. Mammals include white–tailed deer, raccoons,
porcupines and red

Nature And Invasive Species Essay
Objective– The objective of the lab was to understand how random events in nature and invasive
species affect the growth of certain species in an ecosystem. As a result, a species' population could
decrease or increase due the events that happen. In addition, the lab shows how the decreasing
growth of certain species is affecting the area's biodiversity.
Background Information– In this lab we explored how biodiversity can be loss in an ecosystem due
to random events and invasive species. To begin with, "Biodiversity is the varieties of organisms and
complex ecological relationships that give the biosphere its unique, productive characteristics."
(Cunningham 227) It is usually recognized by species. Biodiversity is important because certain ...
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When I did this lab with my group an invasive species was not introduced until the 15th year, as you
can see in Figure 1. As a result, we could not observe how badly an invasive species could affect
different native species. Even though the starling species, our invasive species, was introduced the
last year it still shrunk the grasshopper and red–headed woodpecker population by one. Many
factors contributed to the loss of biodiversity in the forest community. These factors were disease,
human activities (deforestation and their pets/strays), weather, pesticides, and invasive species.
Many diseases spread through the forest killing nine American toads in year 7 and two oak trees
each year (refer back to Figure 1 to see). In addition, field mice tried to take shelter in a nearby
residence where they were eaten by cat, poisoned and encountered mouse traps. Then, roadways
needed to be made, trees and grassland were removed twice, and neighborhood cats ate one red–
headed woodpecker, cottontail rabbit, black rat snake, and field mouse. Also, the ecosystem
experienced a dry day, a brush fire, and acid rain. The acid rain killed three oak trees and killed one
more oak every successive year. Additionally, pesticides were sprayed onto a field that harmed
insects and their predators, which include five grasshoppers, two American toads, two red–headed
woodpeckers. Finally, our one invasive species did not greatly impact the ecosystem, except for
killing one red–headed woodpecker and a

Westfield River Hypothesis
Hypothesis: Birds will be more numerous by the Westfield river than at the wetland area and will be
more active in the morning.
Intro/ Discussion:
After observing the westfield river and the wetland land area for birds as a group, we discovered a
higher amount at the river. There was 21 birds spotted at the Westfield river and 19 at the wetland
area. This proves part of our hypothesis correct. We believed from the beginning that this would be
case because the wetland area acts as nesting zone for the birds. The dense vegetation at the wetland
makes it easy for small bird species to to hide their nests from predators and for good shelter. Yet,
birds don't spend the majority of their time at the nests, they are spent scavenging for food which is
better found in the floodplains of the Westfield river.
These grounds are better food sources, as berry plants such as the burning bush are found
numerously here. This is because the soil is very rich here due to the occasional flooding of the
river, that deposits new sediment. Worms would also be exposed in the soil of the floodplain when
flooding occurs, as another source of food. Hawks were now found here and not the wetlands, as
these species are dependant on high canopy along the river to search for prey. We also found out that
the other part of the hypothesis was correct, how birds were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was due to our method of observation. I really thought that observing at 3 different times
helped to validate our close results. Our results was that there was 21 birds at the river and 19 at the
wetland area. We were also able see to see the most birds at the time of the early morning for both
areas. If our group could've done anything better, we should've added another time slot at around the
late morning due to the slight margin of difference between the number of birds. However, overall I
agree that we did everything right to solve our hypothesis

Diamondback Rattlesnake Essay
Did you know that the Diamondback Rattlesnake is the longest venomous snake in North America?
The Diamondback rattlesnake can reach up to eight feet in length. The snake also the largest of the
rattlesnake species and is part of the pit viper family. The Diamondback Rattlesnakes environment,
behavior, and physical traits make it very different from other dangerous snakes.
The Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake lives on the east coast of North America. The snake is
commonly found in wooded, sandy areas around fallen logs and brush piles. Even though You can
find these snakes in marshes and swamps, it is abnormal to find them in water or near damp areas.
But, occasionally these intrepid snakes may venture into salt water, swimming near the Keys on the
Florida coast. They are also found in dry pines like woodlands. These snakes are crepuscular
(meaning that they are more active in the early mornings). These snakes usually hunt at ground
level, but on few meager occasions will climb a few feet off the ground when pursuing prey. In
colder–wintered regions, the snake will hibernate in mammal or gopher tortoise ... Show more
Their venom is a potent Hemotoxin, the venom kills red blood cells and impales muscle tissue. The
venom is highly potent and lethal to humans, but antivenin is ubiquitous and deaths are very
uncommon. The snake is easily recognizable by its large head and bulky body The ground color of
its body is olive brown and has large diamonds with brown centers and cream borders. The tail is
brownish grey (banded with dark rings). Newborns have a button at the end of their tail, and adults
and juveniles have a rattle. Young and old have a cat eye with a vertical pupil. While baby snakes
are 15 inches long, they can grow up to eight feet because of its complementing 20 year livelihood
The Diamondback Rattler can also strike 2/3 of its body length so a six foot snake can strike four

Sonoran Desert Research Paper
In class, we have been studying snakes in the Sonoran desert. While learning about snakes we found
four that look very identical having the same stripes, a reddish–orangish color, black and white skin.
They have a similar pattern of stripes. We decided to find out why would snakes like these would
live in the Sonoran desert. The guiding question was, "Why do the Sonoran coral snake, the Sonoran
Mountain kingsnake, the milk snake and the Sonoran shovel–nosed snake look similar?" Before
answering the guiding question evidence needed to be collected. We confirmed that all the snakes
are not from the same species, which means that their similarities don't have to do with heredity. We
also confirmed that their predators, the Ferruginous hawk, cooper's hawk, and red–tailed hawk are in
fact the same, and surprisingly compared to other snakes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is why the snakes that stand out in the desert are eaten less than the other snakes in the Sonoran
Desert, We know that the Sonora–coral snake uses aposematic coloration, which is having a
coloring or a marking that warns predators to tell its predators that is poisonous and we can assume
that the other snakes use batesian mimicry, which is when an animal resembles a poisonous one to
trick its predators, but how do they look the same? This is a process called natural selection. Natural
selection is when an organism naturally lets go of a trait that is useless for instance, penguins lost
their feathery wings because they don't require it to survive like all the other birds since they live in
antarctica meaning there are no predators to fly away from. This is the same process the Sonoran
Mountain kingsnake, the milk snake and the Sonoran shovel–nosed snake use, over time they
naturally changed skin color by letting "go" of their color to look the same as the sonoran coral

What Is Cunningham's Rite To Attune
I performed Cunningham's rite to attune with the four elements. Cunningham recommends that the
rite is performed with representations of the four elements. I chose a piece of malachite to represent
the element of earth, because malachite is an earth stone. It is also one of my favorite stones, and I
find it to be very beautiful and powerful. For the element of air, I chose a small feather from a
Guinea hen. Guinea hen feathers are very pretty speckled feathers, and they look airy to me, so I
thought it would make a perfect representation of the element. For fire, I had a red candle, which I
lit before the ritual. For the element of water, I had a bowl of spring water. I chose a bowl that is
blue in color, which is the color most often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I did this by rubbing my hands together and breathing deeply. I always do this to prepare for any
magical work. I lit the candle, then I touched the malachite with my right hand (my power hand),
and I used the words from our textbook in the rite. As I spoke, I felt the earth. I remembered digging
in the dirt as a child, feeling the cold dampness of the earth on my hands. I then turned to the east
and touched the feather. I imagined standing on a plain, and feeling a cool breeze blowing my hair
back from my face while watching a red–tailed hawk fly overhead. I turned south then, and held my
right hand over the flame of the candle, high enough so that it didn't burn me. I could feel the
warmth on my hand, and I imagined sitting in front of a fireplace, staring into the flickering flames
while the wood popped as it burned. Finally, I turned to the west, and dipped my fingers of my right
hand into the bowl of spring water. I imagined the ocean. I used to live on the west coast, and I
remember walking through the waves as they washed over my bare feet.
When I was finished, I held both hands over the items in front of me and said the words from our
textbook. I then circled my hands over the items, moving north, east, south, and then west. After I
was finished, I sat quietly and looked at the four items in front of me, thinking about my experience.
I felt very emotional, as I always do when I practice magic. I then used my snuffer to

Spirits Of The Forest Analysis
Lemurs are creatures that are solely found on the island of Madagascar and islands off the east coast
of Africa. These species have diversified greatly into niches because of no competition from other
primates (since other primates are not present on the island). In the documentary, Spirits of the forest
(Lemurs), several species' physical and behavioral adaptations are described. Some of these species
include the mouse, ring–tailed, sifakas, and Indris lemurs. Lemurs are described to resemble dog–
like primates whose eyes are faced forward. This physical characteristic contributes to binocular
vision, which helps lemurs gauge the distance between trees. They have strong olfactory capabilities
compared to other primates and bond by grooming one another. Ring–tailed lemurs are more
terrestrial than arboreal. Females are the dominant gender in their society. They form close troops of
about ten to twelve, or even possibly more than twenty members of each troop. Daily, ringtails
spend part of their time on the ground in the dry forest and bush. Their physical features include
long tails with white and black rings. Their tails are held high which helps hold the troop together.
Ringtails spend a part of their time on the ground eating leaves, flowers, and small invertebrates to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have distinctly high pitched alarm calls that signal the threat of predators that target their
young. From the documentary, this specie seems to reside in both the dry forest and lush rainforests.
They rely heavily on scent marking to identify their home range. Their locomotion is leaping from
tree to tree. In terms of their young, the offspring suckles for three to months but as they grow, tend
to explore more and more. When twins are born it indicates a rich supply of food. In particular, they
eat mud from termite mounds for nutrition and forage on the ground eating spiders, and pods of
trees, leaves, shoots, and

Informative Essay: Grassland Biomes In West Virginia
West Virginia is known as the "mountain state." It consists of many beautiful lakes, rivers, streams,
and quite a few tourist attractions, such as Babcock. Not only that, but West Virginia is made up of
several different biomes. West Virginia is also made up of forests, as well. The first biome I would
like to talk about is the grassland biome. There are two kinds of grassland biomes; tropic and
temperate grasslands. West Virginia is part of the temperate grassland. Sometimes, the temperature
can reach up to 100 degrees. In the winter, the temperatures are very cold. Grassland biomes receive
between 10 to 30 inches of rain. There are quite a few interesting facts I learned about grassland
biomes. One would be that they are located

Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids
FOOD CHAINS, FOOD WEBS AND ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
In an ecosystem, plants capture the sun's energy and use it to convert inorganic compounds into
energy–rich organic compounds. This process of using the sun's energy to convert minerals (such as
magnesium or nitrogen) in the soil into green leaves, or carrots, or strawberries, is called
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is only the beginning of a chain of energy conversions. There are many types of
animals that will eat the products of the photosynthesis process. Examples are deer eating shrub
leaves, rabbits eating carrots, or worms eating grass. When these animals eat these plant products,
food energy and organic compounds are transferred from the plants to the animals. These animals
are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to carry out life functions, consumers acquire energy through the 'burning' or breaking
down of food molecules they consume (eat). Thermal energy (heat) is produced as a result of the
burning of these food molecules. More than half of the energy from each food molecule is lost as
heat. Only about 10% – 20% of energy at each trophic level is available to pass on to the next level.
In other words, at each level there is only about 10% available energy to put on new biomass
(growth).
Pyramid of Numbers
The loss of energy at each trophic level also explains why there are usually fewer organisms in each
higher trophic level. The total number of plants in a particular area would generally be higher then
the number of herbivores that the plants support and the number of herbivores would be higher than
the number of higher order carnivores.
Pyramid of Biomass
Biomass is the total mass of dry organic matter per unit of area. Each higher trophic level contains
less biomass than the previous trophic level. Therefore a drawing or graph that represents the
amount of biomass at each trophic level would also produce the basic pyramid shape. Biomass is
related to the abundance of organisms at each trophic level.
Human Impact on Food Chains and Webs
Humans have the ability to have a great impact on ecosystems. Living organisms are a significant

Curricular Birds Response
How does feeing behavior change in the instance a threating noise is made, such as the call of a
predatory bird? Will the feeding birds habituate to a predator's call over time? What about woodland
birds vs. more urban birds?
Dependent Variable: (two measured variables) Duration of time birds stay away from nest (how long
does it take for the first bird to come back) and how many birds left and ran after the presentation of
the sound, how many birds come to feed after: 1 min, 2 min,
If the birds are presented with a potentially alarming stimulus such as the call of a predatory bird or
the sound of a loud bell, they will initially fly away and take shelter. Overtime, birds will start to
habituate to this sound, and will be less likely to fly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once all birds have been counted I will play the sound and note the actions of the birds (freeze or
flee) along with noting the number of birds that have left and the number that stayed at the feeder. I
will then measure the number of birds feeding over a 10 minute period (how many birds are feeding
at 1 min mark, 2 min mark, 3 min mark...etc.). At the end of the 10 minute period, I will replay the
sound and repeat the process 5 more times. In addition to tallying the number of birds present I will
measure how long it took for the first bird to come back to the feeder.
I will do each condition for a total of 3–5 times (occurring once every other day), over a one hour
per day. Each trial will be 10 minutes long, with the next occurring immediately at the end of the
previous one. A total of 6 trials will be conducted per day. I will leave at least one week in–between
conditions (bell vs predator call) to account for any habituation.
I will compare all trails with one another to see if there are any differences. I will also compare the
responses of birds in a natural woodland setting to that of birds in a more urban setting. Then I will
use both conditions to see if the birds were responding to just the presentation of a loud sound, or
were responding to the threating call, giving me the ability to determine if the birds can make a

La Nana Creek Essay
Degraded streams are manifold throughout the nation. There a total of 42,904 impaired streams with
71,796 causes of impairment. Whereas, the Clean Water Act is paramount to stream protection, the
legislation does not call for reversal or removal of out–dated traditional runoff management
techniques; nor does it expect efforts to be made to prevent damage from continuing in the future.
Several sections of La Nana Creek running from its mouth to SH 7 are currently listed on the federal
303(d) list section 5a for total coliform bacterial loads. This section runs through Currently, La Nana
Creek is secondarily fed by a small runoff streams which at one point were naturally occurring
intermittent streams. Around approximately the 1950s, the stream ... Show more content on
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Birds living in this area include: red tailed hawks, grey egrets, blue jays, and more. Several at risk or
endangered species live part to most of their life in Pecan Park including such as red–headed
woodpeckers. Birds depend heavily on healthy riparian habitats whether they are migratory or not.
This project proposes that the stream banks be corrected from their current state of severe soil
erosion. Some of the walls of soil surrounding the stream can reach approximately 1.8 meters in
depth. Where the runoff drain meets the stream can even reach up to approximately 2.6 meters. The
walls of the stream bank are a vault of in situ soils slowly restoring themselves to low sloping
conditions through more erosion. This is an indicator that there has been extreme down cutting as
result of stream channelization. Using a small back hoe or excavator the soils can be pulled into the
stream and compacted by rollers to prevent down cutting in the future. The natural stream depth can
then be restored and the hazard to people or animals falling into the stream prevented. Further, by
restoring sinuosity of the stream down cutting can be slowed or even halted completely. By
compacting the soils in the centerline of the stream and, also, restoring sinuosity the water velocity
will be slowed and the soils resistant to down–cutting. These steps limit the influence of soil erosion
to the water

3d Shoot Research Paper
Late last month, I attended a 3D open shoot at the Wallkill wildlife reservation. A 3D shoot is an
archery course that involves shooting at targets modelled after 3D objects. The event is hosted by
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife to generate funds and PR for the refuge. Many competitive archers attend
from across the state looking for practice, to meet people interested in their hobby, or to find a new
source of trophies. When I first get to the reservation there is a horde of people waiting to start the
day. Some have closed into groups exchanging idle gossip. Others practice shooting on practice
targets set up near the beginning of their course. I shoot for what feels like hours before the final
competitors arrive. The park rangers begin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conversation about the condition of the park and its ecosystem are had between the members of our
group. The park rangers and I discuss the prosperity of the invasive garlic mustard. Garlic Mustard
can be seen growing for miles, blotting out the forest floor and choking out native species. The
handicraft of the reservation biologist; desiccated garlic mustard plants litter the trail. It is explained
to us that every year the weed just seems to gain more ground in spite of several strategies of
removal We also have the opportunity to observe native species such as skunk cabbage which
largely go unchallenged in their wetland habitat. Wild goosefoot was noticed to have an unusually
abundant year. Several subspecies of garter snake line the trail, taking advantage of the brown dirt
matching the pigment of their skin. The group is even fortunate enough to observe a red tailed hawk
and hear its unmistakable cry. Travelling on the trails in between targets I catch up with my friends.
We talk about current events, the state of the reservation and engage in banter with one another. The
park rangers also take the time to socialize with the various people attending today. The ranger
assigned to our group has time for friendly chatter and random musings. Travelling from station to
station we cross paths with the other groups. Our group is able to meet new people who share the
same common interests of archery and outdoor

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