Non Governmental International Organizations, Or Igos, And...

Non Governmental International Organizations, Or Igos, And...
1. Intergovernmental organizations, or IGOs, are players in the international setting, attempting to establish common grounds between the different
members, or in other words countries involved (Rourke and Boyer 2010, G–6). Examples of IGOs include the following: "United Nations, European
Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the African Union" (Wilkinson 2007). Non
–governmental international organizations, or NGOs,
attempt to make substantial changes and promote their specific values to certain aspects of the world, like human rights issues and the environment, by
utilizing their non–association with the government and their NGO status with special access to the media and diplomatic measures (Steinberg 2011,
44; Steinberg ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, there are different communities on a designated piece of land. This piece of land is considered the 'Commons,' in this case, as all of the
different communities use the land for a specific use. Since the 'Commons' is the land, it is free to all of the communities. As the different
communities are constantly in competition with one another to get more of their specific use out of the land, they overuse it. This overuse eventually
ruins the land. The communities are no longer able to support themselves without being able to carry out their specific use of the land, because the
land is ruined. This causes each of the communities to falter. The designated land's society is destroyed, becoming the 'Tragedy' referred to in the
'Tragedy of the Commons.' The 'Tragedy of the Commons' is an example of how a society can destroy themselves, such as the inhabitants of Earth
destroying themselves by overusing our non–renewable and renewable resources, to the point where we will no longer have those resources to support
ourselves. This, in turn, will destroy the planet and life as we know it.
3. Human rights are the basic rights that all living beings are guaranteed, no matter what "nationality, ethnicity, religion, or other individual
characteristics" they are or have (Diez, Bode, and Costa 2011). These basic rights are thought to be upheld universally, but are often contested by
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Investigating Two Separate Businesses
INVESTIGATE TWO SEPARATE BUSINESSES, ONE A PROFIT ORGANISATION AND THE OTHER A NON PROFIT ORGANISATION
DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF BUSINESSES, PURPOSE AND OWNERSHIP. INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION, THE LIABILITY OF THAT
BUSINESS.
BUSINESS 1:
RIVER ISLAND
BUSINESS 2:
OXFAM
RIVER ISLAND: PROFIT ORGANISATION
'With over 60 years of fashion retailing experience, River Island is one of the most successful companies on the High Street.
River Island has nearly 300 stores across the UK, Ireland and internationally throughout Asia, the Middle East and Europe.' – RIVER ISLAND
WEBSITE
River Island is an unquoted company. 'An unquoted company is a business company owned either by non–governmental organizations or by a relatively
small number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oxfam are widely known for their famous beliefs that poverty and powerlessness are avoidable. And can be eradicated with human action and political
assistance.
They exist to combat many issues and crises in third world countries. And give citizens of those countries, dignity, self–worth and sustainable means of
living. Just a few of these include; fair trade , education , aid , health , democracy and human rights.
One of the countries Oxfam helps is Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the poorest third world countries as it is incredibly vulnerable to devastating
floods and tsunamis. 75% of Bangladesh is less than 10m above sea level.
OXFAM LIABILITY: Complete liability 1. Oxfam GB be liable for any damages including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or
any damages whatsoever arising from the use or in connection with such use or loss of use of the site, whether in contract or in negligence. 2. Oxfam
GB does not warrant that the functions contained in the material contained in this site will be uninterrupted or error free, that defects will be corrected,
or that this site or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or bugs or represents the full functionality, accuracy and reliability of the
materials. 3. Copyright restrictions:

Commercial use or publication of all or any item displayed is strictly prohibited without prior authorization from Oxfam GB. Nothing contained herein
shall be construed

How Did Leonardo Da Vinci Was Crucial For The Renaissance
Culture
1.Use specific examples to explain why the work of Leonardo da Vinci was crucial for the development of Renaissance.
When we consider the term Renaissance it speaks about the revitalizing of the European art and literature which represents the culture. This is done
through influencing classical models during the period of 14th – 16th century.
Pierro da Vinci's son Leonardo da Vinci had an innate talented artist known for his perfection. His artistic ability was widely appreciated, especially the
work he undergone for the request of King. Those works were not only paints; it also includes the architectural figures. Even the undone architectural
figures known for its beauty which left its mark for lasting centuries.
Leonardo da Vinci's early childhood reveals that he made various models depicting his architectural talent, those highlights the work was designed in a
way to ease the work of people around him and bring the sense of living in the world around them.
Without mentioning Leonardo's work we can't talk about the development of Renaissance, because his works were the examples which lasts for
centuries and even after his death still he is remembered for his contribution. His works in painting and architecture hadn't had any ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we consider Lenovo, it started its function in a small area but not its expansion is spread all over the world is an example for TNCs. Here we
should remember that the government can't regulate its functions easily and it may decide its future. When these organizations develop and gains
power, in turn it challenges the government's policies by intimidating that they may shift or shutdown their operations. As a result, the government has
less control over the trade and also on the cash flows within their own country also leads to decrease control over

Non Governmental Organization: Equality Now
Equality Now is an Non Governmental Organization whose mission is to "achieve legal and systemic change that addresses violence and
discrimination against women and girls around the world." (Our Approach, 2016). I was young in my education of feminism when I came across
this speech given by Joss Whedon on social media and it was when he was accepting an award from this foundation. Equality Now is a foundation
that his mother, Lee Stearns helped to create.along with one of her student's. The founding women of Equality Now are lawyers Jessica Neuwirth,
Navanethem "Navi" Pillay and Feryal Gharahi. The speech was what led me to Equality Now and the charitable work this organization does on behalf
of women worldwide is what made me a supporter of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They've also been a valuable resource in helping to curb sex trafficking in an attempt to end it completely. While Equality Now has several
accomplishments under its belt, there are still many more obstacles for the organization to overcome before full global equality is experienced for all.
Word Count: 573
References
Female genital mutilation. (2017, February). Retrieved July 03, 2017, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): UNICEF's failure to fund efforts to stop FGM. (2017, April 20). Retrieved July 03, 2017, from https:/
/www.equalitynow.org/action–alerts/female–genital–mutilation–fgm–unicefs–failure–fund–efforts–stop–fgm
History. (2017, April 20). Retrieved July 03, 2017, from https://www.equalitynow.org/history
Our Approach. (2016, September 27). Retrieved July 03, 2017, from

How Can Contemporary Society Address Essay
Summery
How can contemporary society address "the complex interaction of environmental, social, and economic force that factors and currently limiting the
sustainability of business enterprises around the world, a clear gap created among the "words" and "action", according to the latest global
information? How can federal and state agencies break down silos and work together to pursue sustainability? What is the preferred model for
business–government collaboration and engagement with civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? We raise these questions because
in the 21st century all sectors of society must confront the challenge of sustaining economic development while protecting critical environmental
resources (Gutierrez, 2014).
According to Connor, M. (2013), "Sustainability Progress" more "words" than "action" of the most recent global report companies are unable to
achieve the sustainability of the business that promised and signed to commit at the CEO level. Because from the (65%), of signatories are committing
to sustainability only (35%), are training mangers to integrated "sustainability," in to "strategy", and operations. The statement also added companies
are making commitments, defining goals and setting policies at high rates, however still has much work to address on the action of implement,
measure and communicate that has required.
Management of global supply chain, (Connor, 2013), for example, is the top "barrier" for large companies in

Global Governance: Globalization and Non-State Actors
"The process of globalization and the increasing role of non–state actors in global governance are undermining the role of the state as the principal
actor in global policymaking."
Globalization and the increasing role of non–state actors have shifted the position of states, the traditional "main players" in global governance.
However, whether this change undermines states is debatable. In one sense, states' roles have somewhat diminished: Non–governmental entities –
namely transnational corporations (TNC), but also global non–governmental organizations (NGOs) and others – have an increasing voice in global
policy debates, which may lessen states' influence in governmental affairs. But in several other key ways, states' retain their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Transnational corporations are not the only parties playing an increasing role in global governance. Other entities, such as nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs), are also becoming more present and influential. NGOs perform a number of functions related to global institutions, such as
helping implement programs, serving in a "watchdog" role, conducting research, raising awareness on issues, and others (London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine [LSHTM], Session 6, n.d.). Although these non–governmental organizations often lack voting powers in international
institutions, they are progressively serving in more formalized roles. For example, the World Health Organization(WHO) has official relations with
about 185 NGOs. The International Health Partnership – meant to help developing countries reach the United Nations Millennium Development Goals
– have around 50 members (Ibid). The influence of NGOs, TNCs, and others are displayed in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Global health governance mapped (Dodgson, 2002) Nonstate actors such as TNCs and NGOs have unmistakably gained greater influence in
global governance, as seen in Figure 1. But – as that graphic also shows –

Human Rights, A Non Governmental Organization
Hi all let me start by first elaborating on the background about various NGOs and there work in the field of Human rights, A human rights NGO is a
non–governmental organization that works to protect human rights and end human rights violations. The topic of "human rights" encompasses a wide
range of issues, including freedom of expression, right to due process, gender equality, and freedom from poverty and violence. Many NGOs turn to
the UN's Universal Declarations of Human Rights in order to fully outline organizational goals.
Human rights NGOs vary in their approach. Some NGOs perform extensive research in order to document human rights abuses. These organizations
serve as "watchdogs," monitoring the potentially abusive actions of governments. Many human rights NGOs work to bring public attention to human
rights abuses through information campaigns, NGO member updates, and coordination with the press. By garnering public support of an issue, human
rights NGOs can put intense pressure on perpetrators to end human rights abuses. Human rights NGOs work at the local, national and international
level and may focus their efforts on government advocacy or grassroots organizing.
I have chosen to write about Human Rights Watch, although a more familiar name we have all became accustom too is Amnesty International, but after
doing some research online and finding out that Amnesty on some occasions have yielded to pressure not only from US Government but also from the
gov. of

Non Governmental Organizations Today in Bangladesh
The Government view is NGO s are really important for country like Bangladesh, they can have the role to overcome gaps in delivering and reaching
poor people when they require services in natural and economical problems. The services provide by NGOs create competition among governmental
organizations NGO programs addressing poverty, bringing into sharper focus issues such as cost–effectiveness, transparency and accountability of the
use of public funds. A well known NGO Rural Employment Support Foundation established in 1990, is a state–run microcredit funding institution.
Established in 1990, it works for microcredit funding and remove poverty from society by providing microcredit to people who live under poverty
level they also help them to start their business by providing different training another well known international financial agencies is ADB. They
financed different projects that include Urban Health Care Project, essential primary health care services were contracted through NGO s or private
providers via competitive partnership agreements. This project includes the cities like Dhaka, Rajshahi, Khulna and particularly the slums located in
populous areas inhabited by poorer city dwellers.
This Project by ADB completed in 2005 had a positive impact on the primary health, family welfare, and nutrition of the urban population, and
particularly women and children.
NGOs today in Bangladesh
NGOs of Bangladesh provides lots of welfare services like

Evolution Phases Of Non Governmental Organizations
Evolution Phases of Non Governmental Organisations in India Dr. Suresh Kumar Bhaker, Assistant Professor, Management in Haryana School of
Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar, Haryana Abstract This survey paper highlights the sequential and verifiable
improvement of the Non–Governmental Organizations in India. It additionally assesses how these associations created amid pre–autonomy and post
reliance period and considering the advancement time of NGOs altogether four stages with evolving parts. Key Words: Non–Governmental
Organizations, Evolution, Phases, Voluntarism, Changing Roles. Historical Background Balmiki 's Ramayan depicts one of the soonest willful
activities as saw today when Ram was leaving Ayodhya and going to woods, according to his fathers ' request. Individuals sorted out and took after
Ram to take him back to Ayodhya. They were driven by Brahmin who was old to the point that their heads were shaking (VayaPrakampShir), and their
beneficiary was as reasonable as a swan (hansshukishir). They asked for, and put good and religious weight on Ram to return back. At the point when
Ram did not return and deluded them at the Tamasa, they returned home and in anguish they sorted out a bandh; markets were shut, no one cooked
sustenance on that day, and even the ladies conveying their first child did not feel upbeat. The national artist Maitheli Sharan Gupt portrayed this scene
in; Saket ' and called this type of dissent "Vinat Vidroh"

Ethics: The Ethics And Ethics Of International Business...
INTRODUCTION:
Ethics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right
and wrong conduct, often addressing disputes of moral diversity. In simple terms, word ethics means the concepts that defines what is right and what is
wrong to do in a particular situation. International business on the other hand, comprises all commercial transactions that take place between two or
more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundaries.
A Non–Governmental Organization (NGO) refers to an organization which is neither part of any government nor a profit making organization. NGOs
are mainly involved in the promotion of societal interests. Hence they have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It should exhibit compassionate attitude, caring behavior and should act considerately towards the environment in all its actions and activities. NGOs
should also understand that its resources are public assets and they need to be effectively and fastidiously utilized for the wellbeing of the society as a
whole.
2)Cooperation Beyond Boundaries:
NGOs should maintain healthy, cooperative and ethical relationships with other NGOs for the welfare of the public. They need to work for world
peace and global humanitarian prosperity in a world where people are segregated among different races, casts, religions and cultures.
3)Human Rights and Dignity:
All NGOs should treat each and every human being equally in terms of dignity and privileges. They need to understand that every person is endowed
with fundamental human rights. Also NGOs need to be profound in its cognizance of moral values, customs, traditions and cultures of different
communities they serve.
4)Religious Freedom:
An NGO revere religious freedom and should respect and support the integrity of family–based

Southeast Asi Disaster Response Paper
Southeast Asia includes the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, and East Timor.
These countries are comprised of both developed and developing countries and are among the most densely populated countries in the world with a
total population exceeding 620 million people. United States foreign policy as well as significant global attention can attest to the strategic, economic,
and political importance of this region (Gursky, Burkle, Hamon, Walker, Benjamin, 2014). Arguably, the critical link connecting the two major oceans
of the region and some of the most important waterway transits in the world, it is not difficult to understand why the United States and its military
organizations have long been a part of Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) efforts in this region. This paper will examine the
disaster preparedness and response of the region as it shares the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the past decade alone, a person living in Asia–Pacific was twice as likely to be affected by a natural disaster as a person living in Africa, almost six
times as likely as someone from Latin America and the Caribbean, and 30 times more likely to suffer from a disaster than someone living in North
America or Europe (ESCAP: 2013). If history is any indicator of what the future has in store, the area will continue to suffer natural disasters at a pace
that far surpasses that of anywhere else in the world. The strategic, economic and humanitarian impact of such disasters are devastating and improving
our ability to respond and prevent such massive loss of life and destruction is something that is well worth continued effort. The region has certainly
come a long way in improving its capabilities, but in the way ahead we must continue to train and plan together to reduce the impact of future inevitable

Feminist Perspective On Human Trafficking
Through International Relations theory lenses, especially the Feminist lens, the issue of human trafficking is easily identified as an international crisis.
Not only is this a human rights and security issue, but a gendered one at that. Approximately 80% of the exploitation that comes from human
trafficking is in a sexual nature, and a majority of trafficking victims are female ("11 Facts about Human Trafficking"). There is a clear stance from the
feminist theory perspective that it is the states' responsibility, and even duty, to protect vulnerable females from subjugation and mistreatment that
comes from the global human trafficking system. Economic, cultural, and social factors influence the condition in which women are susceptible to
being trafficked. A destabilized region, whether it be political, civil, or military unrest, results in the increase of human trafficking. These dangers
within the state lead to displacements in population, as many attempt to migrate out of the region into safer territories ("Addressing the Root Causes").
BBC News reports of similar instances in Albania, a country "in which trafficking took hold in the years after the collapse of communism in 1990
("Human trafficking: Poor women and girls targeted in Albania" 2017)." The victims in Albania are promised false employment opportunities before
being sold into prostitution rings and brothels. The Feminist theory recognizes that male–dominated governments and cultures may not feel obligated to

Essay about The Business of Water
* Who are the main Stakeholders of beverage companies such as Coca cola and nestle in this case? How would you prioritize their stake and how
legitimate are the different stakes?
The Civil society is the main stakeholders of these companies it consist of pressure groups, local communities, non–government organizations. The
stake of the society can be prioritize by
Relationship–building: Having good relationships – trust, mutual respect, understanding – are intangibles that develop and evolve over time, based on
individual and collective experiences and interactions. For this reason, we have to engage with stakeholders at a much as early as possible.
Through proactive involvement of company with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to me Nestle have only focus on the economic responsibilities and has been concern about the shareholders acceptations than the society.
There is a wide space for improvement in the company's policies towards society and environment.
* Think of privatized water companies in this case in terms of the extended view of corporate citizenship as discussed in the chapter. What are the
specific governmental roles they have taken on? Evaluate their performance from this perspective.
The extended view of corporate citizenship as discussed in the chapter for the privatized water companies are about the "Civil rights" of the citizen .It
reveals the governmental failure to addressing the important issues in the society. In the case study some governments have acted in favor of the
society by imposing fines and compensations, asking the companies to involve in different environmental programs for conservation of water also by
imposing a ban on the bottled water in 12 municipal premises and supporting the corporate citizen actions. The actions taken by the government are
effective but the private companies always find a way to manipulate the laws and to disguise the society by false advertising strategies and using other
unethical ways to carry out their business. Taking all this into consideration the governmental roles have not been so effective and many things have to
be done to stop such false practices.
* How do you

Shortcomings And Weaknesses Of The Mazars Report
What are the shortcomings/weaknesses that you are seeing in integrated reporting in general (including the Mazars Report)?
From the Mazars Report, there is some shortcoming of integrated reporting (IR) but these shortcoming are potential to be improved to be a better one
as IR is a process of continuation and improvement of current reporting approaches. Following are the shortcomings of IR from the Mazars Report:
Risk and opportunities can be identified and explained, however, it is lack of details in analysis and mitigation measures.
In the event that vital goals are frequently all around portrayed in various time scales, the connection with resources allocation could be better in the IR.
The integrated performance indicators is weak in term of publication.
Complexity and lack of clarity has pointed out by Welch (2013), Associated of Chartered Certified Accountants' head of policy, as a potential
weakness of IR. Initial objective of IR is to reduce complexity and increase clarity; however, it might distort the objective of IR while a set of
non–financial data/information have been recommended to embed to the report, and it could lead to information overload in the report. Moreover, a
full tested set of standards is not introduced or announced even a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's vary with the previous reporting method which is strictly financial report or financial including CSR report. It require the full support and
commitment from the top management, leverage their power to convey the message of IR adoption to all company personnel. The representative of all
the relevant disciplines within the business are the team who in–charged for the integrated reporting process implementation, and also the reporting
itself. The key of success to create an integrated reporting process is to ensure that the multi–disciplinary team combines, cooperate and coordinates
their

Case Study: Oxfam
Oxfam
Oxfam is an international union of 17 organizations operating in about 94 countries around the globe to discover solutions to poverty and what it
considers unfairness worldwide. In all Oxfam's actions, the final aim is to allow people to use their rights and control their own lives. Oxfam works
straight with communities and tries to persuade the powerful, to make sure that poor people can perk up their lives and livelihoods and have a say in
decisions that impact them. Each organization works jointly internationally to reach a larger effect via joint efforts. Oxfam was initially established at
17 Broad Street in Oxford, Oxfordshire, in 1942 as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief by a group of Quakers, social activists, and Oxford
academics; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Committee had a meeting in the Old Library of University Church of St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, for the first time in 1942, and its intend was to
alleviate famine in Greece caused by Nazi Germany military occupation and Allied naval blockades. By 1960, it was a chief international
non–governmental aid organization. The name Oxfam comes from the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, founded in Britain in 1942 and
registered in harmony with UK law in 1943. Oxfam International was created in 1995 by a group of sovereign non–governmental organizations. Their
objective was to work together for superior impact on the international stage to decrease poverty and unfairness. Stitching Oxfam International
registered as a non–profit foundation at The Hague, Netherlands. Oxfam's primary paid employee was Joe Mitty, who started working at the Oxfam
shop on Broad Street, Oxford on 9 November 1949. He managed the accounts and distribute donated clothing, he started the policy of selling anything
which people were eager to donate, and developed the shop into a national

Essay On Environmental Issues In Ethiopia
have been violated. The free, prior and informed consent of the people was not secured before the commencement of the project but merely conducted
after the project was started.
Moreover, the then governing public procurement proclamation of Ethiopia, provides for open bidding as a preferred mode of procurement. However,
Salini Constrututri was granted the project against the words of the law. Such attitude towards its implementation could be regarded as poor execution
or lax administration and could possibly raise issues of corruption.
In discussing regulation of the environment, it is claimed that States are authors of international environmental law as it is their practice that makes up
international environmental law. Thereby... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This act of the bank has been criticised as 'back door funding' which will be examined in light of the goals of the bank below.
2.2.The World Bank
The World Bank is composed of five organizations run by member countries. It provides 'technical and financial assistance' to developing countries. In
connection with this, the bank has the objectives of eradicating 'extreme poverty' by 2030. However, it has been pointed out that, the bank's commitment
towards environmental protection is not practical. This comment relates to the case at hand, as the bank provided funds to the construction the lines
transmitting power to neighbouring countries; although, the project has been criticised for its human rights and environmental concerns. This is an
action which has been criticised from the view point of its 'safeguard policy' whereby the bank should focus on infrastructure development and not in
profit making given the government of Ethiopia plans to export half of the power generated to Kenya. Moreover, the agenda of the government of
Ethiopia in exporting electric power, where only 26.56% of the population in the country have access to electric power, should not have been
supported by the World Bank. In addition to this the bank's goal of eradicating extreme poverty is questionable where it is funding a project in which
nearly half a million people could be exposed to starvation.
3.Regulation of Transnational or Multinational Companies (MNCs)

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ngo In China
Past three decades of NGOs in China
Non–governmental organization (NGO) is not an organization of government or a conventional for–profit business. In China, NGOs are silently
different from the definition of general NGOs in which some of them have closer link with the government. There are two types of NGOs in China
–"officially organized NGOs" and "popular NGOs". The former are initiated by the government and the other one are initiated by private citizens and
receive no government subsidies. However, we are focusing on the development of NGOs in China, so we are not going to discuss the differences.
For the economic development, the reason for NGOs of China are growing fast in past three decades is obvious. China has reformed its economy from
Planned to a market Economy in which the government launched open door policy in 1978. From the economic reform, China improve its
productivity, people's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In recent years, there are many demonstrations in China. They voice their complaints causing the social instability. The Chinese government is not
willing to see this incidents again. The best way to maintain the stability is to concern and try to solve their problems. They will realize the crux of the
problem, then they will speed up the reform of the NGOs like give autonomy to them.
Thirdly, we should remember China still is a developing country. There are many restrictions and considerations when forming NGO and implement
works. Some laws hinder the development of NGOs like the funding. However, in the long–run, I think it is not a problem. As China is still finding a
way to develop its country. They will amend its law for the interest of the nation. The most serious problem is the politics. Political pressure weaken the
function of NGOs. I think it is hard to change the mindset of China government, but if the law amendments are well–developed, the NGOs
development will be

War on Drugs: Germany compared to the Netherlands Essay
The War on Drugs
One of the key aspects to consider when evaluating domestic political actors preferences towards policies pertaining to illegal drug use in both the
Netherlands and Germany is to evaluate their ideological differences. The Netherlands attitude towards drug policy revolves around limiting the
negative impacts illegal drug use has on society by implementing laws catered towards decriminalization. On the other hand, Germany considers drugs
a detriment to society and promotes legislation that proactively restricts the flow of supply and demand of illegal drugs within the country. Now that
both countries ideological differences have been brought to light, we must also consider the origins of those ideas and how they ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
More importantly, the Christian Democratic Union has held a dominant position in German politics for decades. This party has strong conservative ties
and wields a significant amount of influence. This party also takes a hard–line stance on drugs by "Proactively engaging in drug plagued regions of the
country in order to restrict the flow of supply and demand" (Verein FГјr Drogenpolitik 2006). The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, which is
a liaison service between the United Nations and non–governmental organizations within the German Federal Republic, provide a significant amount of
influence on both political actors and the public as well. For example, The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime "Promote field–based technical
cooperation projects to enhance the capacity of Member States to counteract illicit drugs" (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime 2005).
Unlike Germany, the Netherlands possesses non–governmental organizations that promote policies that attempt to limit the negative social impacts
drugs have on society. For example, the Stitchting Drugsbeleid is a non–governmental organization which, "Aims to change the present drug policy
into a policy that does deal with vital matters such as public health, safety, the rule of law and individual autonomy in a more sensible way. As long as
there are drugs, people will use them. In that sense it does not make a difference whether it is coffee or

United States Of The Gulf Cooperation Council ( Gcc )
Qatar and other states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) repeatedly face international critique regarding their treatment of migrant workers in
construction and household services. Non–governmental organizations (NGOs) and international organizations (IOs) are reporting abusive and unsafe
working and living conditions while simultaneously trying to influence and mediate between Gulf Council Cooperation (GCC) governments, migrant
workers, and civil society. GCC governments are attempting to implement labor policies to promote the hiring of local workers; this would reduce the
supply of foreign labor, and possibly ensure adequate treatment of local workers.
This reformation is dependent on the role of international government and non–governmental agencies, and the possibility for these agencies to change
local policies. This is taken in the context of growing global and local awareness about migrant workers and fundamental human rights abuses,
including the human trafficking and forced labor currently occurring within Qatar's migrant worker population.
International migration today is closely associated with state sovereignty. States would engage in international cooperation through a wide range of
transnational issues, but when it comes to immigrants and refugees, nation states claim that the sovereign right to control one's own boarders to be the
primary responsibility (Sasson 1996). Even if cooperation were recognized as useful or necessary, in properly managing

PATH Supports the Health of Developing Countries
There are many organizations out there directed at the support and health of struggling developing countries around the globe. PATH is one of the
leaders at the forefront as an International Non–governmental Organization focused as their slogan says "Driving transformative innovation to save
lives" (PATH). This 40 year old organization that was started in the mid
–1970s by Gordon Duncan, Rich Mahoney, and Gordon Perkin Focusing on the
distribution of contraceptive technologies and supplies has grown to a multi–divisional non–profit organization. PICAT or Program for the Introduction
and Adaptation of Contraceptive Technology, emerged from a small apartment in Seattle with a donation from the Ford foundation, has become the
international organization known as PATH. This Organization with it's Growth continues to outgrow it's name, starting with the expansion away from
only providing access to contraceptives around the world to developing new fields in healthcare for primarily woman and children in developing
countries. As PATH was known as an acronym meaning "Program for Appropriate Technology inHealth"(PATH FAQs) they are now as of 2014 simply
PATH. Their definition of PATH today is "transformative innovation that save lives and improves health, especially among women and children. We
stand for accelerating innovation and making the world a more equitable place". Within PATH there are four main subdivisions of focus; education,
health technology, Maternal and child

Taking a Closer Look at Non-Government Organizations
The Bridgespan Group, a non–profit consultancy, conducted a study on the potential of global NGOs.The study found that since 1990 NGOs
registered with USAID (United States Agency for International Development) had doubled to 579, and average annual funding has tripled to $50
million and in few cases the annual funding exceeds $1 billion (Queenan et al. 2). Increasingly, NGOs, or Non–Governmental Organizations, dominate
healthcare aid and interventions. Their overwhelming presence comes with equally charged influence over key societal issues such as dispersal of aid
and types of interventions. This has proven to be controversial as some view NGOs as facilitators of empowerment, change, and progress. Others view
them as promoting special agendas and interests, plagued with misinformed and poor policy making, and heavy reliance on funding. Aggregation of
these trends raises important questions about the efficiency of NGOs and their impact on the regions they serve. Critics charge that increasing
neo–liberal policies fragment healthcare alternatives in host countries; NGOs may not offer sustainable healthcare intervention programs; and that their
objectives and policies often work against the host populations, which reinforce inequalities.NGO is simply a non–government organization that is
traditionally non–profit. However, USAID and other governments do fund NGOs, and there are profit–based NGOs. This makes the term more
complex and creates confusion; thus, it is necessary

The Flaws of Non-Governmental Organizations in Developing...
The role of Non–Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the world today has been increasingly questioned in recent literature as people begin to
recognize the flaws of our development aid industry. The article "NGOs – A Tainted History" by Firoze Manji and Carl O'Coill explores the history of
the rise of NGOs in Africa in order to demonstrate that their aim is to control and colonize Africa. Similarly, the novel Damned Nations: Geed, Guns,
Armies & Aid by Samantha Nutt emphasizes the patriarchal tendencies of the aid industry and the influences of the political objectives of donor
countries with descriptions of her first hand experiences on the field. With the articles "Challenging Indifference to Extreme Poverty: Considering
Southern Perspectives on Global Citizenship and Change" by Barbara Heron and "International NGOs and the Aid Industry: constraints on
international Solidarity" by Molly Kane in mind, I considered the effects and roles of NGOs as development organizations and instruments of change.
Whereas the compilation of stories in Generation NGO, edited by Alisha Apale and Valerie Stam, recollected individual experiences of development
workers, highlighting the moral and ethical challenges they faced day–to–day. Analysis of the abovementioned readings allowed me to conclude that
NGOs are destructive in the developing countries in which they are situated because they impose colonialist influences, are biased towards their
political supporters, are ineffective when faced

The Levels of Power that Environmental Non-Governmental...
'Non–governmental organisations (NGOs) and advocates have become a significant part of political landscape in a growing number of countries'
(Donnelly, 1998:15). The number of NGOs has increased dramatically in the past 20–30 years and these organisations are increasingly participating in
global environmental politics (Betsill and Corell, 2001; Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003; Stafford et al, 2000). An environmental NGO is an
organisation that is non–governmental and non–profitmaking and engaged with an environmental problem or problems. An NGO is an organisation in
the sense that it has at least several full–time people involved, some sort of hierarchy, a budget, and an office (Potter, 1996). Holsti (1998; 141) defines
power as the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
outsiders.
Environmental NGOs seek to pursue insider strategies by joining government delegations as advisors or pursue outsider strategies as either activists or
lobbyists inside the negotiation venue (Rietig, 2011). The inside approach consists of NGOs trying to gain an influence with governments and
negotiators by providing policy solutions and expert advice and engaging in knowledge construction, producing research–based reports and paper
(Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003). Many US based NGOs adopt this strategy. The outsider approach will consist of NGOs putting pressure on
governments, negotiators and target groups through direct actions, protesting, boycotts and even civil disobedience. The goal of the outsider approach
is to make companies and countries more flexible in international negotiations by impacting on public opinion, with the aim of driving governments to
comply with international commitments, whilst negatively exposing polluters and environmentally harmful corporations for particular topics
(Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003). According to Stafford and Polonsky (2000) Environmental NGO's are increasingly beginning to favour cooperation
rather than traditional protest and confrontation to encourage environmentally sensitive procedures. The insider–outsider strategy will vary amongst
NGO's, although major ones are most likely to pursue a duel strategy (Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003).
Access to national

The Social Problem Of Social Problems
1.0.0 SOCIAL PROBLEM The term "social problem" cannot be comprehensively defined without understanding the meaning of social itself before
joining problem. 1.0.1 SOCIAL The word social comes from the Latin socius meaning "friend." When you 're being social, you 're everyone 's friend.
Go to a social, or mixer and you might make a lot of new friends. Stand in the corner pouting, however, and you 're being anti–social. Humans are
described as social being ones that tend to move or live in groups together, Social is relating to society or it is organization, needing companionship
and therefore best suited to living in communities", relating to or designed for activities in which people meet each other for pleasure. Cambridge
dictionary defined social as relating to activities in which you meet and spend time with other people and that happen during the time when you are
not working: 1.0.2 PROBLEM Problem is a condition of discontentment resented by someone. But when it is resented on many people, it becomes a
social problem. For a problem to be social, it must involve a large number of people, sometimes groups and institutions who consider a particular
condition as undesirable and intolerable and want to it to be corrected through collective effort or action. It is also a perceived gap between the
existing state and a desired state, or a deviation from a norm, standard, although many problems turn out to have several

The Rights Of Women During The World Is Treated The Same,...
To start off, the very broad term of equality is the notion that every human being in the world is treated the same, no matter their age, gender, class,
or race. Comparing to other political systems, democracy values equality more than any other as it involves the commitment in upholding equal
treatments between citizens. To measure the level of democracy in a territory in terms of associational autonomy, one must observe the level of
equality that is promoted in that country. Looking at any state, minorities are primarily the ones discriminated against by their government and
citizens. In Tunisia, the minorities are women and as a result they were secluded in economic, political, and social affairs. The period of time when
women were mostly segregated in Tunisia was when the state was under the possession of France. Women living in Tunisia during this period were
mainly housewives as they did not have much access to education and were required to wear veils in public. However, once Tunisia received its
independence in 1956 from France, the Personal Status Code was created by the republic government which provided females several legal rights such
as the right to divorce, the right to receive an education, and the right to obtain an occupation. As the laws were implemented over the years, women
activists noticed that the legislation was too elusive and did not properly outline the terms for equality. Due to this, women experienced discrimination
in several areas such as

Global Witness Is A Non Governmental Organization Working
Global Witness is a non–governmental organization working independently in Africa to end the political corruption and to bring change to those areas
that are impacted the most by violence, human rights violations, and an exploited economy. Employees of Global Witness conduct extensive and very
well organized investigations that most of the time places the team directly in the danger zones so they can experience what most victims do. There
were several changes to government that resulted in corruption and multiple civil wars that affected many innocent people. For over two decades the
Global Witness organization have been responsible for the exposure of corruption plaguing the most poorest areas of Africa which forced political...
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Sierra Leone is one of the poorest nations on earth second to last on the United Nations human development index. The first mine was established in the
town of Kimberley by two farmers; the De Beers Brothers. (BloodDiamondsDocumentary) The De Beers sold diamonds at least ten times per year in
London's open market and controlled at least 90% of the world's diamond production bringing in billions of dollars per year. The average person
brings in about $220 per year income yet the nation remains rich in natural resources. (BloodDiamondsDocumentary) Places like Botswana, South
Africa, Canada, and Russia are the largest diamond producing nations in the world with more than 20 tons produced per year and a revenue that
equates to about 60 billion dollars per year with half of the merchandise being sold right here in the United States.
In 1869, one of the largest diamonds of 83 ВЅ carats was discovered near the Orange River in South Africa. Both Botswana and South Africa produces
60 percent of the world's diamonds. When Prime Minister Stevens took office, the fall of Sierra Leone began with the spread of corruption. Botswana
and the government are known to provide the schooling, better built roads, and healthcare in the nation. Although democracy was strong programs that
were in place to support and build up education, healthcare, and social services, quickly

Human Trafficking in Our Own Backyard
Human trafficking is an important problem in world politics that is not currently receiving the attention that it should. This is a terrible practice that
involves the exploitation of workers, violation of human rights, and the encroachment onto the body when human trafficking turns sexual.
Human trafficking is a huge issue that much is still unknown about. When we think of this practice we often think of the issue that only occurs
overseas in poverty–stricken nations however this practice is very prevalent in our own backyards. And this is one of the biggest myths itself:
trafficking does not always require the passage of transnational borders to be considered trafficking. Recently this issue has stepped more into the
public eye when a sex trafficking scandal was exposed before the super bowl only two weeks ago. A fox article reported that children as young as 13
were missing and rescued by law enforcement as pimps had brought these children to New Jersey with the intent of selling their sexual services for
money to tourists. In fact it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of children are at risk in the United States for this kind of exploitation. These
statistics are extremely hard to estimate however because unfortunately, so many human trafficking cases still proceed without consequence. (Polaris
project). It is also important to realize that trafficking occurs in many countries and not just to women or children. However the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime

Problems Of Global Development : Critical Reflection Paper...
CGS 2002F: Problems of Global Development
Critical Reflection Paper
A core of neoliberal policy has been promoting non–state actors, such as multinational corporations, non–governmental organizations and international
development platforms. In the development sphere, state actors in the majority world have faced significant criticism from Western media. As a result,
many international non–governmental organizations (INGOs) have become powerful in acting as the bridge between Western donors and the
majority world. Thus, INGOs are integral to the neoliberal framework. The ideas in this paper have emerged from two interrelated areas of research:
first, an exploration of the messages of INGOs in their appeals and initiatives, conducted by Nandita Dogra, and second, Kalpana Wilson's analysis of
INGOs' portrayal of genders in the majority world. Dogra evaluates appeals by several INGOs, including Oxfam, Plan and Concern. She then explains
that INGOs construct internal issues, such as overpopulation and corruption, and natural disasters, as the primary causes of global poverty (74). Wilson's
research delves into publicity campaigns by Oxfam Unwrapped, Nike Foundation and Divine Chocolate, concluding that visual representations of the
majority world is racialized and gendered (315). The portrayal of the poor in development discourses by INGOs as either "deserving" or
"undeserving" of support is a common theme in the aforementioned areas of research, and will hence be a primary

The Legal Relief System Of Ngos
and their members.
3.1.3 The legal relief system of NGOs and their members are imperfect
The current legal relief system of NGOs is far from perfect. In reality, the rights of many non–governmental organizations or their members had been
violated at the time when they want to get adequate relief (Lang and Xu, 2013). Legal remedies of NGOs mainly include legal remedies of disputes
between NGOs and the government, legal remedies of non–governmental organization and its members as well as legal disputes between NGOs and
other general civil or commercial organizations.
Relief for the above disputes are: legislative relief, administrative relief and judicial remedies. Among these three kinds of relief approach, judicial
relief is the most important, but also in the current system is the most imperfect approach. Judicial remedies can be divided into civil litigation and
administrative proceedings (Lin, 2007). When NGOs were to provide social services and its service relationship between equal entities, a civil
relationship, you can bring a civil action. When the administrative act of an administrative organ of the law against NGO or its members may bring an
administrative lawsuit. With the development of modern public governance, administrative litigation is the main NGO legal remedies, but the current
system is not perfect. Firstly, NGO cannot serve as the plaintiff in administrative proceedings. According to the traditional administrative "action theory
of interest", the

Women 's Rights And Gender Equality Essay
All men and women were created equal. However, this obvious truth is not universally shared. Fortunately, there is a very real fight for gender equality
that we are currently engaged in, and a participant in that fight that holds a fundamental role are non–governmental organizations (NGOs). NGOs exist
as private, voluntary organizations that function without government restriction and bias because they are not for profit and not funded by the
government. These organizations coordinate strategies in order to "perform a variety of services and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to
governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information." These core characteristics of
NGOs meld and cooperate to advocate for women's rights and gender equality. These organizations are actually quite effective in achieving their
missions of promoting women's rights and gender equality. Women's rights NGOs led the General Assembly to adopt the Declaration on the
Elimination of All Forms of Violence Against Women. Women's rights NGOs advocate for the idea that women's rights are included inhuman rights. In
Nicholas D. Kristof 's and Sheryl WuDunn's bestselling novel, Half the Sky, readers are introduced to the many plights that women suffer from in
countries all over the world. Sex trafficking, forced prostitution leading to the abuse of women and young girls, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted
diseases are all very real

Essay On International Non Governmental Organization
Research an International Non –Governmental Organization that works on behalf of human rights issues.
The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) defines an INGO as "any organization which is not established by inter–governmental
agreement" (Resolution 288 (X) 27 February 1950), "including organizations which accept members designated by government authorities, provided
that such membership does not interfere with the free expression of views of the organizations" (Resolution 1296 (XLV) of 25 June 1968).
An international non–governmental organization (INGO) has the same mission as a non–governmental organization (NGO), but it is international in
scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries.
International Non–governmental Organizations can further be defined by their primary purpose. Some INGOs are operational, meaning that their
primary purpose is to foster the community–based organizations within each country via different projects and operations. Some INGOs are
advocacy–based, meaning that their primary purpose is to influence the policy–making of different countries' governments regarding certain issues or
promote the awareness of a certain issue. Many of the large INGOs have components of both operational projects and advocacy initiatives working
together within individual countries.
There are many International Non –Governmental Organizations that work on behalf of human rights issues. Some of these are

Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of Ngoso In India
A non–governmental organization is a non–profit, citizen–based group that functions independently of government. NGOs, sometimes called civil
societies, are organized on community, national and international levels to serve specific social or political purposes, and are cooperative, rather than
commercial, in nature. (3) Today there are multiple NGOs registered around the world, heavily in developing countries. NOGs no matter where they
exist they seem to have a nullifying role in the politics of the host country. In one way they criticize dictatorships and human rights violations. Then in
another way they compete with the radical socio–political and religious groups. (8) Their aims range from providing relief services, conserving the
environment, contributing to development projects or simply battling with governments over human rights issues. While some governments welcome
NGOs, others find them a nuisance or even a threat to their interests. (1)
In India, instead of working productively and moving the country forward to development, the NGOs are contributing to corruption and to a state of a
downward spiral in the country. A few years ago thegovernment had banned around 833 NGOs and voluntary organizations following misuse of
public funds. Andhra Pradesh, is to be one of the worst states, is said to have the highest percentage of blacklisted organizations in India closely
followed by Bihar and Tamil Nadu. (2)
The disadvantages to rapidly growing NGOs are that they

The Government Must Maintain Crucial Relationships With...
The government must maintain crucial relationships with the society. The leaders uphold the basic rights by guaranteeing people 's security and
equitable distribution of resources. The Chinese government has implemented several policies that enabled the cooperation between the state and the
social organizations. The social organizations, such as NGOs, have a significant role in connecting the state and the society and in enhancing their
relationship. They are the extensions of the government to the certain areas that the government couldn't reach, helping the government better meet the
society's needs.
In "The Advance of the Party: Transformation or Takeover of Urban Grassroots Society?" the author noted that there was immense... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the government appears to exact control in the social organizations, their relationships are said to be symbiotic. The social organizations
always find ways to negotiate with the government on how to meet the interests of their members ("Negotiating the state: The development of social
organizations in China", p. 125). The government is making efforts to involve the society in the developments through the social organizations. Wang
and Carl explain that the increasing social unrest is a force generated from communist rule, increasing the need for the government to respond the
people's needs. Social organizations have been used in the control of unrest of people created by previous leaders through the introduction of reforms
dating back to 1990's. In light of the challenges of dealing with societal unrest, the government's response was to involve society in major decisions,
thus initiating the formation of social organizations. In the article "The Rise of the Chinese Security State," Wang and Carl mention that there was
establishment of special offices for dealing with social stability, an example of these special offices being the anti–cult departments; and those special
offices being predecessors of social organizations.
In democratic nations, such as the United States, each political party has to come with its policies and manifestos.

Sex Trafficking Of Women And Children
Whilst numerous reports suggest a decline in sex trafficking of women and children in Cambodia, Cambodia still remains one of the largest
destinations of sex tourism. Many methods have been implemented on both a national and community level in order to combat this criminal activity
across the country; however none have been sufficient enough to entirely eradicate sex trafficking of persons in Cambodia. Thus a number of
recommendations to combat these human rights violations have been listed, as follows:
Recommendation 1 – Harsher law enforcement and prosecution
1.1 – Government authorities should effectively implement stronger and more effective anti–trafficking legislation and policies that have been
instituted in recent years. Cambodian government may need to exercise a legitimate law enforcement response to the crime of child sex trafficking. In
addition, there is a need to pass harsher penalties to prosecute offenders including the parents of these children for the act of trafficking innocent
children.
1.2 – The Cambodian government should play a large role in the actual implementation and enforcement of the rule of law in prosecuting the traffickers.
1.3 – The Cambodian government should also adopt legislative and other measures to protect informants and witnesses of child sex trafficking from
being harassed (e.g. by exploiters), protection of their identities to enable, citizens to report such instances without fear of consequent reprisals
(Michelle, 2013, p.230).

Human Rights And Non Governmental Organizations
The twentieth century has been seen as a turning point for human rights.
Many business people and ethicists believe that it is time for businesses to start following human rights. There is however the lack of agreement of
human rights laws from transnational corporations. Transnational corporations support human rights by providing jobs with livable wages and show
respect for rule of law. However, transnational corporations are also known for violating human rights laws by providing very unsafe working
conditions, lower than average pay, have harmful environmental pollution, commit bribery and seem to ignore the laws of the host nation.
Non–governmental and transnational organizations have not been very effective in abiding by human rights laws and must begin to follow set human
rights laws if they want to receive more support. The debate of human rights extensions to non–governmental organizations has focused on the
following key questions. The most basic questions are if and should corporations have any responsibilities at all? For further question they ask: whose
human rights they should consider, which human rights obligations they should consider, and what are the resources to corporate resources should be
devoted to human rights protection? In 2000, the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan introduced the global compact as a policy and
framework for responsible business practice in the global economy. The UN global compact asks businesses to enact, support

Ngo Is An Acronym That Means Non Governmental Organization
NGO is an acronym that means non–governmental organization. The term comes from the United Nations and, originally, its meaning is broader than
private development organization. According to the United Nations, the NGO groups may include service organizations in order to "profit"
foundations, educational institutions, churches and hospitals.
However, this name has been accepted by the entire international community to refer more specifically to non–profit organizations involved in
international development with various programs abroad, or local actions related problems development (pressure group, study organizations,
information retrieval, etc.). Another distinction is usually made between national NGOs and local. The first show either... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
NGOs perform a variety of services and functions: Humanitarian information to governments on the concerns of their citizens to monitor government
policies and promoting political participation at the community level. They provide analysis and expertise, serve as early warning and help monitor and
implement international agreements. Some are organized around specific issues such as human rights, the environment or health."
The definition of NGOs given by the UN is too broad to be applicable in all countries as it includes organizations of very different nature: social
movements, organizations close to churches or media from the private sector, research centers academics and associations of members of Parliament
and local authorities. Several UN agencies have outlets regulating the accreditation of NGOs and the relationship between NGOs and international
organizations, but the criteria are always the same. This definition is well aware of the general environment NGOs. NGOs are private non–profit
organizations, with legal personality granted by their State of origin and are sometimes recognized by an international organization in order to have
consultative status. In addition to NGOS, there are International Non–governmental Organizations or INGOs.

Structural Adjustment Programs And Its Effects On The...
Structural Adjustment Programs were instituted in Kenya in the 1980–81 fiscal year and had disastrous effects on the social development of Kenya
resulting in the collapse of social services, namely education and health (Rono 2002: 82–84). Healthcare disparities are rampant across Kenya where
fragmented and under staffed facilities are the norm and a physician to patient ratio of 1.69 per 1000 inhabitants falls well below the World Health
Organization standard (Green 2013: 1348). The gap left by the weakened and fragmented public sector health services has since been filled by numerous
non–governmental organizations (NGO's) (Pfeiffer 2003: 726). The presence of the private and NGO sectors and lack of funding have hindered the
development of strong public systems (Simms et. al. 2007), as healthcare workers are offered better salaries and opportunities to work for the NGOs
(Sanders et. al. 2005:756). This has resulted in an overcrowding in the NGO sector and a staffing crisis in the public sector (Sanders et al. 2005:756).
Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest slums in Sub–Saharan Africa and is home to almost one million inhabitants
(Green 2013: 1348). Today, the entire settlement of Kibera has only one government health centre with a staff of twenty–four and no inpatient unit,
which can serve only one hundred and twenty patients per week (Green 2003: 1348). Nearby government hospitals offer services but at cost, which is
a deterrent for many

Master of Planning/Master of Public Administration Dual...
I am pursuing a Master of Planning/Master of Public Administration dual degree in order to complement and leverage the business management
experience gained in the corporate world to help environmental conservation non–governmental organizations achieve their missions of sustainable
development. During my 20+ years in Corporate America, primarily in information technology and mortgage finance, I procured a diverse set of skills
– business and financial management, project work, operations and human resources management – that are valuable to any organization,
profit–oriented or mission–based. I have managed many different types of projects, from business process redesign to multi–year, multi–million dollar
software development and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this sabbatical, I realized that I want to contribute to more than the bottom line of a corporation and leave more than a trust fund for my heirs.
With the support of my partner and family, I decided to embark on a new career path in environmental conservation. Why environmental conservation?
Quite simply, I love the great outdoors. I am awestruck by the diversity and beauty of this world, from the towering cliffs of the Sierras to the coral
reefs and abundant sea life of the Pacific to the heather–covered slopes of the Scottish Highlands. I want to do my part to preserve as much as possible
for future generations, which requires learning how to meet the ever–growing consumptive needs of development without depleting Earth's natural
resources.
In 2009, I re–entered the workforce and joined Global Green USA, the sole national environmental NGO based in Los Angeles, as an unpaid intern
and was eventually hired as a paid employee on two limited–term projects: first as the Database Manager leading an effort to redesign and expand
fundraising activities, then as a Policy Associate authoring the 2009 Global Solar Report Cards (see http://www.globalgreen.org/climate/initiatives
/solarreportcard/). My time at Global Green USA was an invaluable introduction to what environmental NGOs do and how they

Intergovernmental Organizations and Non-Goverment...
1.What differences exist between IGOs and NGOs (e.g. how can you tell them apart)?
Non–governmental organization (NGO) is an organization of general interest and does not belong to the Government nor to an international institution.
It does not prevent it from cooperating or receiving assistance and funding from governments, it was founded without active control of a national
government and it is a not–for–profit organization and are involved in every major international issue. If the organization activities go beyond the
country's borders, it becomes an international NGO like "Doctors Without Borders", "Amnesty International" and "Human Rights Watch". On the other
hand the Intergovernmental organization (IGO) is an international legal entity established by two or more States under an agreement between
consenting, and aims to achieve goals and common interests in the following fields: political, military, social, economic, health, education and human
rights. [1]
2.What does 'The Tragedy of the Commons' refer to?
An economic term used most often in relation to sustainable development, to link economic growth and environmental protection as well as in
discussions about global warming. Garrett Hardin first introduced it in 1968 in an article in describing the need for individuals to adopt a positive
change in their principles and behaviors. Tragedy of Commons, describes the state of depletion of a shared resource by individuals who share it
independently and rationally, but

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