The document is a project report submitted by Ms. G. Meenaloshini on the topic of solar seawater desalination under the guidance of her teacher Mrs. M. Maria Dorathi Anu. It thanks various people who supported the project. It then outlines the contents of the report, which includes the aim to study solar powered desalination of seawater. It introduces thermal desalination and describes methods like using parabolic trough concentrators and compound parabolic collectors. It discusses advantages like being energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
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Solar desalination chemistry investigatory project class 12 cbse
1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MRS.M.MARIA DORATHI ANU
SUBMITTED BY
MS.G.MEENALOSHINI
CLASS XII A
REGISTER NO:
2. Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people
have best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged
support. This time I am utilising to thank all the people who have
been concerned with this project.
Firstly, I would thank God for being able to complete this project
with triumph. Then I would like to thank my parents and family
members who helped me with their valuable suggestions.
Secondly, I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my chemistry facilitator Mrs.M.Maria Dorathi Anu as well as our
principal Mrs.G.Jigi Mol who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic “SOLAR SEAWATER
DESALINATION”, which also helped me in doing a lot of research
and I came to know about so many new things.
Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends and
classmates for their guidance in various phases of the completion
of the project.
Regards,
G.Meenaloshini
3. CONTENT
S.No Topic
1. Aim Of The Project
2. Introduction
3. Thermal seawater desalination
4. Methods of thermal seawater desalination
5.
Advantages and disadvantages of solar
desalination
6. Build a solar desalination plant
7.
Conclusion
8. Bibliography
4. AIM AND ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT
AIM:
TO STUDY ABOUT THE SOLAR POWERED DESALINATION OF
SEAWATER.
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the different solutionsto the most commonly used
desalination process (RO, MSF, MED), and solar energy production
technology compatible with desalination.
The goal is to assess the feasibility and profitability of the substitutionof fuel
energy used for desalination plants with renewable energy.
5. INTRODUCTION
WHY SEAWATER DESALINATION
97% OF THE EARTH’S WATER IS SEAWATER.
There is a desperate need for potable water. As we see the deteriorating
quality of freshwater supply and increasing demand for freshwater from
industrial and technology growth, we are witnessing many cities around
the world facing acute shortage of water to drink.
As more and more desalination plants are moving towards renewable
energy, the process has become very commercially viable in many places
around the world, especially the coastal areas and islands.
All desalination processes require large amounts of energy, which lowers
energy demand and also makes use of renewable energy, necessary to
develop feasible processes of desalination.
6. WHAT IS THERMAL SEAWATER DESALINATION?
We see thermal seawater desalination every day throughoutthe year naturally happening.
Evaporated seawater gets condensed back as freshwater rain. Solar desalination is
essentially a small–scale duplicate of this natural hydrologicalcycle.
Solar energy is ideal for powering thermal desalination processes. This is because its direct
application will not lead to energy conversion losses. Moreover, itis possibleto retrofit
present thermal desalination installations to absorb solar heat. Since desalination is highly
energy-intensive, costly infrastructureis necessary for it.
7. METHODS OF THERMAL SEAWATER DESALINATION:
Using PTC (Parabolic Trough Concentrator):
Parabolic trough concentrators are solar concentrating collectors using a single-axis tracking
mechanism to follow the sun’s trajectory to concentrate the sunlight onto a focal axis in which thermal
fluid is passed. The thermal fluid absorbs the heat, which then is used in the desalination process.
Working temperatures as high as 400 °C can be generated. Use of PTC for desalination is best in areas
where you have higher solar irradiation; higher temperatures are required, for e.g. in multi-stage
desalination procedures, and is the most cost-effective in large scale.
Using CPC (Compound Parabolic Collector):
Compound parabolic collectors are non-tracking solar concentrating systems that accept radiation
over a wider range of approaching angles for a given concentration ratio. Especially on the seashores
8. where the moisture content in the air is higher, which disperses the solar radiation, CPC can be a very
good alternative. CPCs have lower efficiency than PTC, but are much easier to maintain and operate.
CPCs are best suited for small to medium-sized desalination plants where temperature as high as 150
°C is required.
THE ABOVETWO SOLUTIONS CAN WORKANY OF THE DESALINATIONMETHODS LIKE:
1. Solar Assisted Multi-Stage Flash
2. Solar Assisted Multiple–EffectDistillation
3. Solar Assisted Heat Pumps
4. Solar Driven Reverse Osmosis
5. Solar Driven Electro–Dialysis
6. Solar Driven Membrane Distillation
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION:
The solar heating products CPC and PTC have very high durability and
longevity.
High energy storing capacity as PTC and CPC are suitable for large scale
desalination.
This process is energy efficient because of very low power being
consumed.
Use of unlimited ocean water resources.
Prevents scaling because of the large wetting tubes in the heat transfer
tubes.
Low operation and maintenance costs for the process to be carried out.
Eco-friendly solution that doesn’t have any effect on the environment.
Can be integrated along with Solar PV desalination plants as well.
