1. Chapter 5 Tissues
Each tissue contains several different
cell types that have differentiated
(specialized) to perform a specific
series of functions.

2. Histology
4 primary tissue types
1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. neural

3. Epithelium
Forms a superficial covering or an internal
lining of a body cavity or vessel
Cells form a barrier
It is avascular
Attached to an underlying basement
membrane
Has a free surface
Cells are in close contact with one another

4. Types of Epithelia
Simple -
Stratified -
Pseudo-stratified -
Squamous -
Cuboidal -
Columnar -
pictures 1-4 are from Tyler Junior College, 5 and 6pictures 1-4 are from Tyler Junior College, 5 and 6
are from the University of Delaware Histologyare from the University of Delaware Histology
webpagewebpage

5. 1. Simple squamous
thin and flat, look like fried eggsthin and flat, look like fried eggs
function -function -
locations -locations -

6. 2. Simple cuboidal
resemble little boxes. Nuclei in a neat row,
close to the center of each cell
function -
location -

7. 3. Simple columnar
tall and slender, nuclei are crowded into
narrow band close to the basement
membrane
microvilli
goblet cells
function -
location -

8. 4. Pseudostratified columnar
nuclei are several rows deep instead of in anuclei are several rows deep instead of in a
neat line, but still only one row of cellsneat line, but still only one row of cells
ciliatedciliated
goblet cellsgoblet cells
function -function -
location -location -

9. 5. Stratified squamous
many layers, relatively thick
keratinizedkeratinized – tough, dry dead outer layer (skin)– tough, dry dead outer layer (skin)
nonkeratinizednonkeratinized – moist, live throughout,– moist, live throughout,
(everywhere else)(everywhere else)
function -
location -

10. 6. Transitional
Shape of surface cells vary from squamous
to cuboidal depending on the amount of
distention (stretch) of the bladder
function -
location -

12. Gland cells
Gland cells may exist as individuals or as
part of a multi-cellular gland.
exocrine
ducts
endocrine
hormones

13. Methods of Secretion (exocrine)
merocrinemerocrine
apocrineapocrine
holocrineholocrine

14. Tumors and Cancer
Tumor -Tumor -
Benign -Benign -
Malignant -Malignant -
Cancer -Cancer -
PathologistPathologist
OncologistOncologist

15. Carcinogens
Hereditary factorsHereditary factors
Exposure to radiationExposure to radiation
Exposure to certain electrolytesExposure to certain electrolytes
Exposure to carcinogenic compoundsExposure to carcinogenic compounds
Chronic sublethal tissue damageChronic sublethal tissue damage
Viral infectionsViral infections
AgeAge
SexSex

16. Treatments
Kill the cancer cellsKill the cancer cells
surgerysurgery
radiationradiation
heatheat
freezingfreezing
Prevent new tumors from growingPrevent new tumors from growing
chemotherapychemotherapy
immunotherapyimmunotherapy