This presentation explains about Biometric system and its working and types.

1. BIOMETRICS
Mr. Mayank David Raiborde,
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Forensic Science,
Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru

2. Overview
• What is Biometrics?
• Measures
• Biometric System
• Modes of Operation
• Modules
• Types of Biometric Recognition
• Applications
• Advantages/Disadvantages

3. What is Biometrics?
Methods of identifying a person based on
Physiological or Behavioral characteristic.
• Physiological- Hand or finger images, facial
characteristic, speak verification, iris recognition.
• Behavioral- Dynamic Signature Verification and
Keystroke Dynamics.

4. What Biological Measures Qualify to be a
Biometric
• Universality- Each person should have the characteristic.
• Distinctiveness- Two persons should be different in terms
of characteristics.
• Permanence- Characteristic should be invariant of time.
• Collectability- Characteristic should be measured
Quantitatively.

5. Biometric Systems
A biometric system is a pattern recognition system
that operates by
o Acquiring Biometric data from an Individual.
o Extracting Feature Set from the Data.
o Comparing the Feature Set with the Template in the
Database.

6. Operation Modes Of Biometrics
There are two modes of operation.
o Verification Mode
o Identification Mode.
• Depending on the Application Context, Biometric System
can work either on Verification Mode or in Identification
Mode.

7. Block Diagram of Enrollment, Verification, Identification Phase
INTRODUCTION TO BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION
k diagrams of enrollment, verification, and identification tasks are shown using the four main modules of a biometric system, i.e.,
tcher, and system database.

8. Operational Modes Contd.
• In Verification mode, the system validates the
person’s identity by comparing the captured
biometric data with the template stored in the
database. This template is stored in the
Enrollment phase.
• In Identification mode the system identifies
the person by searching the templates of all
users in the database for a match. One to
many Comparison.

9. Modules needed to build a Biometric System
• Sensor module
• Feature Extraction module
• Matcher Module
• System Database Module

10. 1. Sensor Module- It captures the Biometric data of an
Individual. An example can be a Fingerprint Sensor.
2. Feature Extraction Module- Here the obtained biometric data
of an Individual is processed to extract features. Example can be
the Local ridge feature extraction from a Fingerprint.
3. Matcher Module- Here the features extracted during the above
phase are matched against the templates stored in the database.
4. System Database Module- Used to Store Biometric templates
of the users enrolled. The enrollment module is responsible for
Enrolling Individuals to the database.

11. Types of Biometric Recognition
Common Techniques
• Fingerprint Recognition
• Face Recognition
• Voice Recognition
• Iris Recognition
• Hand Geometry
• Signature Verification

12. Other Techniques
• Keystroke
• Ear Geometry
• Lip Motion
• Thermograms
• Retina Recognition

13. Fingerprint Recognition
• Taking an image of a person’s fingertips
and storing the characteristics.
• Includes pattern matching
o Ridges
o Whorls
o Arches
o Furrows

14. Iris Recognition
• Camera technology
• Infrared illumination
• Mathematical-pattern recognition
techniques

15. Facial Recognition
• Recording face images through a
digital video camera.
• Analyzing facial characteristics like the
distance between eyes, nose, mouth
and jaw edges.

16. Applications
• ATMs
• Computer Login
• Online Banking
• National Security
• Elections
• Criminal Investigation
• Identification of missing people

17. Advantages
• Easy to maintain
• More robust than ID Cards, Passwords, PIN numbers,
etc.
• Cannot be stolen or forgotten
• Single biometric protection for multiple logins

18. Disadvantages
• It can be very expensive
• The pattern matching might be inaccurate due to
environmental conditions
• The stored biometric data might be vulnerable to
malicious attacks
• Reproduction of biometric data by other people

19. THANK YOU!!!