Technical report

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Technical report Page 1
DOES WORLD NEEDS
CIVIL ENGINEER
NAME-S.VISHNUPIRATHAP
INDEXNO-160210
CERTIFICATELEVELSTAGE 2
TECHNICALREPORT
MODULE CODE-ME 1003
MODULE TITLE-PRESENTATIONOFENGINEERING INFORMATION
NAME OF LECTURER-MR.ATHULASOMATUNGA
DATE OF SUBMISSION-23.01.2017

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SUMMARY
This reportpresents an analysis about“Does world needs civil engineer?” To
analysis this question, I ask this question for this century. Itis concluded that
world needs civil engineer for now and near future.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….……….3
2. Body
2.1 History of civil engineering…………………………………….…………………………. 4
2.2 Civil engineering disciplines in this century……………………………….……….5
2.3 How above civil engineering disciplines help to world? .......…………….. 6
2.4 Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………….10
4. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..10
5. Recommendation ...………………………………………………………………………………..10
6. References……………………………………………………………………………………………….10

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INTRODUCTION
Civil engineer is the person who practices civil engineering works. If thereis no
use of civil engineering disciplines to the world, then there will no need to the
world having civil engineer.
This analysis helps to us to know about “How a civil engineer helps to the world?”
If I analysis the abovetopic for this 21st
century (i.e., world needs or does not
need civil engineer in this century), result will not suit for coming centuries
because wecan derive only for now and near future. i.e., sometimes civil
engineering field will long-lasting or will not long-lasting.
So, I analysis the topic “Does world needs civil engineer?” for this century.

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HISTORYOF CIVILENGINEERING
Itis difficult to determine the history of emergence and beginning of civil
engineering. However, the history of civil engineering is a mirror of the history of
human beings on this earth. Man used the old shelter caves to protect themselves
fromweather and harsh environment. He used a tree trunk to cross the river.
Around 2550 BC, Imhotep, the firstdocumented engineer, built a famous stepped
pyramid for King Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis. The exact origin of the
word “engineering” comes fromthe era when humans applied themselves to
skillful inventions. Man evolving further in the world invented devices such as
pulley, the wheel and levers. The word engineer has its root in the word engine,
which comes fromLatin word ingenium, which means “innate quality particularly
of mental power”. Thus the word engineer emerged as a person who creates nifty
and practical inventions.
In 1325 AD, an engineer was defined as “a constructor of military engines”. Back
then, engineering was divided into two categories: Military engineering and Civil
engineering. During the era of battles or operations, the engineers were engaged
to assistthe soldiers fighting in the battlefield by making catapults, towers and
other instruments used for fighting the enemy. However, during peace time, they
were concerned mainly with the civil activities such as building fortifications for
defense, making bridges, canals, etc.
Firstcivil engineer was an Englishman, john Smeaton in 1761. Civilengineers had
saved more lives than all the doctors by the development of clean water and
sanitary system. Hentry H. White, firstKY civil engineering graduate from
Bacon(Georgetown) college in 1840. Fallof 1886, “statecollege” (in UK)
established civil engineering degree. John Wesley Gunn of Lexington received first
engineering degree from A & M college (in UK) in 1890. During 18th
and 19th
centuries, the number of universities in the world that include civil engineering as
a discipline have increased tremendously.

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CIVILENGINEERINGDISCIPLINES IN THIS CENTURY
Accordingto fulfill the civil needsand desiresof peoplecivil engineering
disciplinesare increased. Civilengineeringdisciplines are given below.
1. Materials science and engineering
2. Construction engineering
3. Earthquake engineering
4. Environmental engineering
5. Geotechnical engineering
6. Water resources engineering
7. Structuralengineering
8. Engineering surveying
9. Transportation engineering
10. Municipal or Urban engineering
11. Coastal and off-shoreengineering
12. Fire protection engineering

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HOW ABOVE CIVILENGINEERINGDISCIPLINES HELP TOWORLD?
MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING
We know well about engineering materials. We studied five main engineering
materials in the subjectcalled “Properties and Mechanics of Materials”.
Material engineering deals with engineering materials such as ceramics (concrete,
mix asphaltconcrete), strong metals (aluminumand steel), polymers
(polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), carbon fibers), plastics, and woods.
Italso consists of protection and prevention like paints and finishes.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
Construction engineering includes everything the design, to planning, to
construction, and then finally management of infrastructures.
They work on projects such as highways, airports, bridges, railways, building,
dams, and utilities.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
The main objectives of earthquake engineering are:
Understand interaction of structures with the shaky ground.
Foreseethe consequences of possibleearthquakes.
Design, constructand maintain structures to performat earthquakeexposureup
to the expectations and in compliance with building codes.

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ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING
Environmental engineering is to improvethe natural environment.
Itincludes wastewater management, air quality control, recycling, waste
disposal, environmentalsustainability, and many other public health issues.
Engineers study the effects of technological advances on the environment.
GEOTECHNICALENGINEERING
Geotechnical engineering is concerned with earth materials.
Itis employed by military, mining, petroleum, and other engineering concerned
with construction on or in the ground.
Itis not only work on projects dealing with underground tunnels (i.e. subways),
mines, etc but also to study earthquakes, landslides, and rock falls.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
Water resources engineering includes everything frompublic drinking water, to
the flow of water from the reservoirs to residential areas, and to the treatment of
water. They are also involved with the state of water in streams and lakes.
Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyanceof fluids,
principally water. Itis intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply
networks, drainagefacilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees,
stormsewers), and canals. Engineers design these facilities using the concepts of
fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, hydraulics, among others.

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STUCTURALENGINEERING
Structuralengineering is concerned with the structuraldesign and structural
analysis of building of skyscrapers, bridges, towers, flyovers(overpasses), tunnels,
off shorestructures like oil and gas fields in the sea, aero structureand other
structures.
Engineer must design structures to be safefor their users and to successfully fulfill
the function they are designed for.
ENGINEERINGSURVEYING
Engineering surveying field serves construction projects.
The knowledge and skills that you will learn in this field will enable you to be able
to work as an engineering surveyor, providing geospatialinformation for
construction projects.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Transportation engineering deals with planning, functional design, operation, and
management of facilities of any mode of transportation.
In additional to civil engineering, transportation engineering is also related to
industrial engineering.

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MUNICIPALOR URBAN ENGINEERING
Municipal or urban engineering deals with engineering in a residential setting.
Both in municipal and urban, these engineers work with streets, sidewalks, water
supply networks, sewers,streetlighting and anything about facilities at your
housethat you can think of.
This branch is also connected with urban planning.
Engineers are working in small firms or with the local government.
COSTAL AND OFF-SHORE ENGINEERING
These two sub-disciplines could roughly be grouped together.
Coastal engineering deals with managing coastal areas. Itfocuses on protection
against flood and soil erosion. Engineers also work with ports.
Off-Shoreengineering is concerned with human-structures in the sea. Oil
platforms, artificial islands and submarinepipelines are all included with off-shore
engineering.
FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING
Fire protection engineering is the application of science and engineering
principles to protect people, property, and their environments fromthe harmful
and destructiveeffects of fire and smoke.

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ANALYSIS
According to this century, if there is no use of abovementioned civil engineering
disciplines to the world, then there will no need to the world having civil engineer.
But, in this century, there is a useof above mentioned civil engineering disciplines
to people to fulfill their needs and desires.
CONCLUSION
Fromabove analysis, wecan say that “world needs civil engineer for now and
near future”.
RECOMMENDATION
You can analysis the need of other engineering sectors to the world.
REFERENCES
www.thecivilengg.com (History of CivilEngineering)
www.engineeringcivil.com (CivilEngineering History, CivilEngineering discipline)
Engineering in Context Final Examination December 2015- Certificate Level,
IESLCE(History of Civil Engineering)
www.brighthubengineering.com (Historyof Civil Engineering)
https://en.wikipedia.org (Civilengineering disciplines, Fire protection
engineering)
www.engineering.iu.edu.sa (Sub-disciplines of Civil Engineering)
www.Isgi.polyu.edu.hk (Engineering Surveying)