Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis Spring 2015 International Marketing Management – IBUS 1354 Houston Community College - Central FINAL PAPER INSTRUCTIONS This project is to study the U.S. foreign trade practices with its major trading partners and to investigate and identify their import barriers against the United States’ exports to these countries. Follow the guidelines below: STEP 1 You must choose a country upon which to focus and base your written project. Each student in the course has a unique country assignment. In other words, no two students will have the same country focus. You cannot choose your country of origin in an intentional effort to have you learn something new about another country. Country choices must be submitted to the instructor via Eagle Online by 11:55 p.m. on April 3, 2015. Your instructor will confirm your choice via HCC email. Make sure you are working on the correct country prior to proceeding with the project. STEP 2 • Research the cultural, political (administrative), religious, economic (strength, weakness, trade situations) issues as well as tariff barriers of your focus country. (Suggested research sources are included at the end of this packet). • Also include information about import barriers against American products and the US import barriers against your focus country. Include your own analysis as to why the barriers exist and the future aspects of the trade relationship. • Consultation with news reports from the past year regarding your country is highly recommended. • These sources (WSJ, NY Times, Business Week, Economist, etc. or local sources in that country) may be found in the library. A list of additional information sources is listed at the end of this packet. Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis Spring 2015 STEP 3 Prepare your paper to include your focus country’s economic conditions submit your subject country’s final paper (no more than 10 -15 pages with references). This paper includes your selected country’s traditional, unique and interesting cultural characteristics. For all reports above, footnotes and/or detailed references are required. Points will be deducted when no or improper citations were made. A suggested reference style sheet is included on the course site. Please consult with your instructor for more information on this part if needed. STEP 4 Papers are to be type-written (double spaced) in standard English with proper grammar and punctuation. Please review and spell check all work prior to submission. In summary, the final paper should include: 1) An objective, (“The main objective of this paper is to examine the trade barriers between the US and YOUR COUNTRY”). 2) the methods used to gather data, (What were your sources?) 3) country’s culture(s) (there may be more than one) 4) the economic and market structures, 5) trade patt.

1. Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis
Spring 2015
International Marketing Management – IBUS 1354
Houston Community College - Central
FINAL PAPER INSTRUCTIONS
This project is to study the U.S. foreign trade practices with its
major trading partners
and to investigate and identify their import barriers against the
United States’ exports to
these countries. Follow the guidelines below:
STEP 1
You must choose a country upon which to focus and base your
written project. Each
student in the course has a unique country assignment. In other
words, no two
students will have the same country focus.
You cannot choose your country of origin in an intentional
effort to have you learn

2. something new about another country.
Country choices must be submitted to the instructor via Eagle
Online by 11:55 p.m.
on April 3, 2015. Your instructor will confirm your choice via
HCC email.
Make sure you are working on the correct country prior to
proceeding with the project.
STEP 2
• Research the cultural, political (administrative), religious,
economic (strength,
weakness, trade situations) issues as well as tariff barriers of
your focus country.
(Suggested research sources are included at the end of this
packet).
• Also include information about import barriers against
American products and the
US import barriers against your focus country. Include your
own analysis as to
why the barriers exist and the future aspects of the trade
relationship.

3. • Consultation with news reports from the past year regarding
your country is
highly recommended.
• These sources (WSJ, NY Times, Business Week, Economist,
etc. or local
sources in that country) may be found in the library. A list of
additional
information sources is listed at the end of this packet.
Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis
Spring 2015
STEP 3
Prepare your paper to include your focus country’s economic
conditions submit your
subject country’s final paper (no more than 10 -15 pages with
references). This paper
includes your selected country’s traditional, unique and
interesting cultural
characteristics.
For all reports above, footnotes and/or detailed references are
required. Points will be
deducted when no or improper citations were made. A

4. suggested reference style sheet
is included on the course site.
Please consult with your instructor for more information on this
part if needed.
STEP 4
Papers are to be type-written (double spaced) in standard
English with proper grammar
and punctuation. Please review and spell check all work prior to
submission.
In summary, the final paper should include:
1) An objective, (“The main objective of this paper is to
examine the trade
barriers between the US and YOUR COUNTRY”).
2) the methods used to gather data, (What were your sources?)
3) country’s culture(s) (there may be more than one)
4) the economic and market structures,

5. 5) trade patterns and trends,
6) trade barriers (cultural, political, economic, religious and
tariffs), and
7) a conclusion including the future perspectives regarding the
trade barriers.
Format for the Final Paper
There is no specific format recommended for the final paper
because a paper’s format
may vary given differences in countries. He re is generic format
for a global marketing
entry plan paper:
• Title Page
• Introduction (State the objective of your paper)
Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis
Spring 2015
• Research Process (Share how you gathered data and sources

6. you used)
• Country/Countries Information (Discuss the country’s culture,
economic and
market structures, trade patterns, trade barriers)
• Future Directions (Discuss the future trade relations between
the U.S. and the
country your researched)
• Conclusion
- Paper should be double spaced using Times New Roman or
Arial fonts (10, 11 or
12).
- Limit the paper to 10-15 pages maximum.
- Turn in the assignment via Eagle Online
PROJECT DUE DATE: 11:55 p.m. on Friday May 1, 2015
Instructor: Kimberly Cade Davis
Spring 2015

7. Suggested Research Sources
Please note that these are only suggested sites. You are not
limited to the selection
below.
• U.S. Census Bureau’s Countries Ranked by Population.
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl
• Country’s economic development using an economic-
development scale such as
the World Bank List of Economies.
http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/class.xls
• World Bank’s World Development Indicators, reported as
“Size of the Economy”
http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2002/tables/table1-1.pdf
• United Nations List of Member States
http://www.un.org/overview/unmember.html
• Euromoney Magazine’s Country Risk Ratings
http://www.euromoney.com. See
Regions & Countries section of this website.

8. • International Monetary Fund: www.imf.org
• Doing Business in Japan: www.jetro.org
• United Nations: www.unsystem.org
• World Bank: www.worldbank.org
• CIA W orld Factbook:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
• Export.gov: http://export.gov/
• Office of the United States Trade Representative:
http://www.ustr.gov/
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl
http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/class.xls
http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2002/tables/table1-1.pdf
http://www.un.org/overview/unmember.html
http://www.euromoney.com/
http://www.imf.org/
http://www.jetro.org/
http://www.unsystem.org/
http://www.worldbank.org/
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
http://export.gov/
http://www.ustr.gov/International Marketing Management –

9. IBUS 1354 Houston Community College - CentralSTEP 1STEP
2STEP 3STEP 4Format for the Final PaperPROJECT DUE
DATE: 11:55 p.m. on Friday May 1, 2015
1
STEPHANIE STUDENT
FINAL PAPER ON THE STUDY OF U.S. FOREIGN
TRADE PRACTICIES WITH NAGOSIA
IBUS 1354
KIMBERLY CADE DAVIS - INSTRUCTOR
SPRING 2013

10. Each paper should include a
cover page with details as
shown here.
The cover page will be included in the total 10-15 page
count of your paper.
2
Objective
The main objective of this paper is to examine the trade barriers
between the United States and
Nagosia.
Research Methods
In preparing my paper I conducted several Internet searches
including U.S. and Nagosian
focused websites. I also researched the country through books
and journal articles on the
subject. My sources have been included in the bibliography at
the end of the paper.
Introduction

11. Nagosia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies
of Singapore as well as Sabah and
Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation.
The first several years of the
country's independence were marred by a Communist
insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with
Nagosia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's departure
from the Federation in 1965.
During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin
Mohamad (1981-2003), Nagosia
was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on
exports of raw materials to the
development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime
Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin
Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these
pro-business policies
Geographically, Nagosia is very diverse. It is divided into 13
states and 3 federal territories,
separated by the South China Sea with 11 states and 2 federal
territories (kuala Lumpur and
Putrajaya) in Peninsular Nagosia and two states and 1 federal
territory (Labuan in East Nagosia).
Clearly state the objective of the project in a separate

12. paragraph OR as part of the introduction
In this section you should include information on the resources
you used to gather
information such as websites, books, journals, magazines,
newspapers, personal
interviews, etc.
An introduction is a good way to provide background
information on your country.
3
COUNTRY CULTURE: People & Society
Nagosia’s population represents almost all the main ethnic
groups of Asia- Indians, Chinese,
Malays, Negritos, etc. Sometimes it’s hard to believe you’re
still in the same country, because
people and their way of living differ dramatically from one
place to another.
The indigenous peoples of Nagosia, known as the 'Orang Asli’
though a minority, are an
anthropologically important segment. Other than the Orang
Asli, the other main race is that of

13. the Malays, who are mainly Muslims, and are spread out all
over the country in rural and urban
areas. They consist of a number of different tribes, mostly
living in the jungles. Interestingly
enough, the orangutan apes are also considered as a tribe by
some of the jungle dwellers! The
tribes vary a lot in their ethnic origins; the Negritos are
generally believed to be the oldest group
among them, and are also the only purely nomadic group.
Nagosia has a number of other races too. Of these, major groups
include the Indians (mainly
south Indians, who first came here 2000 years ago, and today
constitute about 10% of the
population), the Chinese (around 35% of the population, and
very prominent in the business
community), and the Eurasians, descendants of Portuguese-
Malay ancestors. In addition, there
are the Peranakans or the ‘Straits Chinese’, of mixed Chinese-
Malay blood.
Nagosian society is, in many ways, a very traditional one.
Whether Malays, Indians, or Chinese,
nearly everybody follows certain rules of conduct, and as a
foreigner, if you’re aware of these it

14. helps you get by without offending anybody’s sensibilities.
Most Nagosians respect their elders tremendously; often the
highest and best seats in a house
will be reserved for the eldest, and it’s unthinkable to venture
on anything without first
When discussing a country’s culture is aware that
there may be a number of cultures represented in a
single country.
4
consulting older people. Nagosia being largely Muslim, most
women are expected to adhere to
certain norms of 'modesty’ or 'decency’-veiled and dignified.
Even as a traveler, if you’re a
woman, you’ll be expected to be modestly clad - no short skirts
or shorts, and if you’re visiting a
place of worship, or rural areas, no sleeveless tops. Besides
this, there are two things to
remember: firstly, never point with your finger- it’s dreadfully
ill mannered. Secondly, if you’re
entering a home, do take off your shoes at the door; this is a
common tradition. Always eat with

15. your right hand- the left is considered unclean, and never cross
your legs, especially when in the
presence of elders. Also, never touch anyone’s head-
particularly a Malay’s- without permission,
as it’s thought to be very rude to do so. On the whole, all you
have to do is be polite and you
can’t go much wrong!
The national language in Nagosia is Bahasa Nagosia. English,
Tamil, Chinese (in its different
dialects- Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan and
Foochow), Telugu, Malayalam and
Punjabi are the other languages spoken by different ethnic
groups. In addition, in East Nagosia
several indigenous languages are spoken, the main ones being
Iban and Kadazan. English is
widely spoken by the business community. Mandarin and Tamil
are taught concurrently with
Bahasa Nagosia and English in schools.
Ethnic groups: Nagosians- 50.4%, Chinese- 23.7%, Indigenous
-11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8%
(2004 est.)
Languages: Bahasa Nagosia (official), English, Chinese
(Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka,

16. Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai.
However, in East Nagosia there
are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban
and Kadazan
5
Religions: Muslim (or Islam - official) 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%,
Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%,
Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%,
other or unknown 1.5%, none
0.8% (2000 census)
Population: 29,179,952
POLITICAL CLIMATE:
Government type- Constitutional monarchy, nominally headed
by paramount ruler (commonly
referred to as the King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting
of a nonelected upper house and
an elected lower house; all Peninsular Nagosian states have
hereditary rulers (commonly referred
to as sultans) except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those
two states along with Sabah and

17. Sarawak in East Nagosia have governors appointed by
government; powers of state governments
are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation,
Sabah and Sarawak retain certain
constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own
immigration controls)
Legal System- Mixed legal system of English common law,
Islamic law, and customary law;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at
request of supreme head of the
federation
International law organization participation: has not submitted
an ICJ jurisdiction declaration;
non-party state to the ICCt
Head of government: Prime Minister NAJIB Razak since 3 April
2009; Deputy Prime Minister
MUHYIDDIN bin Mohamed Yassin since 9 April 2009. Cabinet
appointed by the prime
minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of
the king.
Elections: Kings are elected by and from the hereditary rulers of
nine of the states for five-year
terms; selection is based on the principle of rotation among
rulers of states; elections were last

18. 6
held on 14 October 2011. Next to be held in 2016; prime
ministers are designated from among
the members of the House of Representatives; following
legislative elections, the leader who
commands the support of the majority of members in the House
becomes prime minister (since
independence this has been the leader of the UMNO party)
Political parties and leaders:
National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)
consists of the following parties:
Gerakan Rakyat Nagosia Party or GERAKAN ; Liberal
Democratic Party or LDP [LIEW Vui
Keong]; Nagosian Chinese Association (Persatuan China
Nagosia) or MCA ; Nagosian Indian
Congress (Kongres India Nagosia) or MIC [Govindasamy
PALANIVEL]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat
Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS
[Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; or
PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS
[James MASING]; Sarawak United

19. People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Peter
CHIN Fah Kui]; United Malays
National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak];
United Pasokmomogun
Kadazandusun Murut Organization or UPKO [Bernard
DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party
or PPP [M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or
SPDP [William MAWAN])
People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)
consists of the following parties:
Democratic Action Party or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic
Party of Nagosia (or PAS [Abdul
HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or
PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan
Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]
Independent party: Sabah
Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck
Lee].
ECONOMIC CULTURE: Currency of Nagosia: Nagosian
Ringgit (also called
Nagosian Dollar). 1 Ringgit is divided into 100 Sen. Although
the currency used in Nagosia is

20. 7
the ringgit, the Singapore dollar is sometimes accepted in parts
of the State of Johor, where it is
given the same value as the ringgit. Cash is a must if you’re
travelling in rural areas, but most
major credit cards and traveler’s cheques are accepted in larger
towns and cities.
On the whole, Nagosia is fairly inexpensive. What’s more,
bargaining is quite the one thing, and
you are expected to haggle for virtually anything. Nagosia has a
well-established network of
more than 40 commercial banks, with around 600 or so
branches. Some of the main banks
include the Public Bank, Malayan Banking, and Bank
Bumiputra. All large cities and many of
the smaller towns have banks. Travelers’ cheques are readily
accepted in most department stores,
restaurants, hotels and many of the larger shops, but do
remember that banks and licensed money
changers offer you much better rates than do hotels and shops.
International credit cards are
widely accepted too.
Economy

21. Nagosia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself since
the 1970s from a producer of raw
materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Under current
Prime Minister NAJIB, Nagosia
is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to
move farther up the value-added
production chain by attracting investments in Islamic finance,
high technology industries,
biotechnology, and services.
The NAJIB administration also is continuing efforts to boost
domestic demand and reduce the
economy's dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports -
particularly of electronics, oil and gas,
palm oil and rubber - remain a significant driver of the
economy. As an oil and gas exporter,
Nagosia has profited from higher world energy prices, although
the rising cost of domestic
gasoline and diesel fuel, combined with strained government
finances, has forced Kuala Lumpur
8
to begin to reduce government subsidies. The government is

22. also trying to lessen its dependence
on state oil producer Petronas. The oil and gas sector supplies
more than 40% of government
revenue.
The central bank maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves,
and a well-developed regulatory
regime has limited Nagosia's exposure to riskier financial
instruments and the global financial
crisis. Nevertheless, Nagosia could be vulnerable to a fall in
commodity prices or a general
slowdown in global economic activity because exports are a
major component of GDP. In order
to attract increased investment, NAJIB has raised possible
revisions to the special economic and
social preferences accorded to ethnic Nagosians under the New
Economic Policy of 1970, but he
has encountered significant opposition, especially from Malay
nationalists and other vested
interests.
GDP- (Purchasing Power Parity)-$463.7 billion: GDP (Official
exchange rate) - $283.3 billion
GDP per Capita (PPP) - $16,200: Employment rate- 3.1%:
Population below poverty line: 3.8%

23. Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest
10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 34.7%
Taxes & other revenues- 21.4% of GDP: Public Debt- 51.8% of
GDP
Agricultural Product- Peninsular Nagosia - palm oil, rubber,
cocoa, rice; Sabah - palm oil,
subsistence crops; rubber, timber; Sarawak - palm oil, rubber,
timber; pepper.
Industries- Peninsular Nagosia - rubber and oil palm processing
and manufacturing, light
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology,
electronics, tin mining and smelting,
logging, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum
production; Sarawak - agriculture
processing, petroleum production and refining, logging.
9
Exports: $227.5 billion
Exports commodities: Electronic equipment, Petroleum and
liquefied natural gas, Wood and
wood products, Palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals.
Imports: $178.6 billion

24. Imports Commodities: Electronics, machinery, petroleum
products, plastics, vehicles, iron and
steel products, chemicals
Religious Culture
Nagosia is predominantly Muslim, and signs of it are clearly
visible- some states follow an
Islamic 'week’, with the weekend stretching over Thursday and
Friday; many women wear the
long robe-like 'tudung’ or veil, and for many Nagosians, the
dream of a lifetime is to accomplish
the pilgrimage or 'Haj’ to the holy city of Mecca.
However, besides Muslims, Nagosia also has followers of other
faiths; a large section of the
population which has Indian roots is either Hindu or Sikh, while
the majority of the Chinese are
Taoists. There is a liberal sprinkling of Christians, and, in very
remote areas, some tribes still
follow shamanism and other primitive beliefs.
Nagosian Market Structure
The manufacturing sector currently accounts for more than one
third of the nation’s output and
more than one half of total exports. Unfortunately, little is

25. known about the long run trends in
market structure variables in this sector even though, according
to economic theory, these
10
variables do say a lot about the short and long run competitive
and efficiency conditions of an
industry ( Nor).
There indeed had been some significant changes in several
market structure variables for at least
some segments of the Nagosian manufacturing sector for the
period between 1985 to 1994.
About one third of the industries classified at the 5-digit SIC
code exhibit statistically significant
trend in at least 4 of the 6 structural variables. The proportion
showing significant trend in fewer
than 4 structural variables is even higher.
Changes are happening across all industries although the degree
and intensity of change vary
from one industry to another. Other changes that had taken
place appear to indicate that a
sizeable proportion of the manufacturing industry had moved

26. towards a more competitive
environment (Osman)
Trade
Nagosia ranks 29 in the World Bank’s ‘Doing Business Report’
in the category of ‘Trading
across Borders’. Its export-import procedures are relatively
facilitative and competitive, while its
transport and trade facilitation infrastructure are of high
quality. As costs of living and doing
business in Nagosia are low, many international companies have
set up their regional
headquarters and procurement centers in the country (High
Commision of India).
Nagosia encourages such regional support establishments.
Nagosia is being promoted as a services hub for manufacturing
related services and shared
services. Attractive investment incentive packages, including
tax incentives, a liberal foreign
equity participation policy and easy employment of expatriates
are offered to encourage regional
operations. Such operations may be set up in the form of
Operational Headquarters (OHQs),

27. 11
International Procurement Centers (IPCs), Regional Distribution
Centers (RDCs), Regional
Offices (ROs), and Representational Offices (RE). The last
account for the majority of regional
organizations set up by companies. Trading, commercial and
investment activities in Nagosia
can be carried out through different forms of entities:
• Sole trader or proprietor
• Private limited, public limited or branch company
• Partnership
• Unincorporated association
• Representative and regional office
• Operational headquarters
• International procurement center
• Regional distribution center
BUSINESS PRESENCE IN NAGOSIA
Private limited companies are the most common form of foreign
businesses operating in

28. Nagosia. Companies are governed by the Companies Act 1965.
Incorporation of a company
requires an application to be submitted to the Registrar of
Companies along with documents and
registration fees. Companies have to be registered with the
Companies Commission of Nagosia.
Branches of foreign companies can be registered as a branch
office with the Companies
Commission of Nagosia. Sole proprietorships and partnerships
must be registered with the
Registrar of Business under the Registration of Business
Ordinance 1965.
12
IMPORT AND EXPORT BARRIERS BETWEEN THE U.S AND
NAGOSIA
There is a Free Trade agreement between the U.S. and Nagosia.
This has given opportunities for
agricultural trade between the two countries. The elimination of
trade barriers between the
United States and Nagosia has also provided important new

29. export opportunities for U.S.
farmers, ranchers and processors.
Nagosia’s 24 million consumers and growing food processing
industry have spurred a demand
for agricultural imports. In 2004, Nagosia imported $5.6 billion
in agricultural products from
world suppliers, an increase of nearly 40 percent over 2003
levels. In 2004, the United States
was the sixth largest supplier of agricultural products to
Nagosia.
Nagosia was the fourth largest market within the Asian
countries for U.S. agricultural products
in 2005. The United States supplied Nagosia with $390 million
in 2005. (U.S-Nagosia Free
Trade Agreement). With middle and upper income consumers
comprising over 60 percent of its
total population, U.S. exports of consumer-oriented high value
products have grown by 115
percent since 2000. In 2005, the United States exported Fresh
fruits, vegetables and tree nuts
valued over $126 million, including grapes ($62.8 million),
apples ($25.3 million), fresh citrus
($15.5 million), almonds ($6.5 million), raisins ($2.1 million),
dried plums ($2.4 million) and

30. celery ($1.0 million). Processed horticultural products valued
over $25 million, including frozen
fries ($11.9 million), juice mixtures ($3.4 million), potato chips
($1.7 million), and prepared
cherries ($1.0 million). Other foods, including pet food ($3.9
million), chocolate ($2.9 million),
sauces ($1.4 million).
U.S. exports of bulk and intermediate goods also supplied
Nagosia’s demand for bulk products
and inputs used by its manufacturing sector. In 2005, the
United States exported grain and
13
oilseed products such as wheat ($26.6 million), soybeans ($22.7
million), distillers grains ($5.6
million) and corn gluten meal ($19.4 million). Cotton, valued
at $4.6 million.
Certain products, especially processed products that are
competitive with local Nagosian
manufactures, face higher duties. In addition, restrictive and
often non-transparent regulator and
licensing procedures inhibit imports of many agricultural

31. products.
A free trade agreement (FTA) will give U.S. exporters expanded
access by removing restrictions
due to Nagosia’s import policies as well as providing a
competitive advantage over other
suppliers ( (U.S-Nagosia Free Trade Agreement).
Analysis of the Free Trade Agreement between the U.S and
Nagosia
The goal of the FTA is to remove tariffs and non-tariff barriers
and expand trade between the
two nations: in this case U.S and Nagosia. The FTA includes the
phasing out of tariffs on
imports from each country, further opening of service sectors,
and greater freedom for
Americans to invest in the rapidly industrializing Nagosian
economy. U.S. industries are
particularly interested in greater market access in the
automotive, financial services, and
agricultural sectors and in improving protection of intellectual
property rights in Nagosia
(Nanto). The FTA would affect certain trade flows that would,
in turn, affect U.S. businesses or
farmers, particularly import-competing industries and those
exporting to Nagosia.

32. The US-Nagosia FTA has had the following effects: These are:
(1) Has created new opportunities for U.S. manufacturers,
farmers, and service providers
(2) Has strengthened U.S. competitiveness and generate high-
paying jobs
(3) Has strengthened U.S. economic partnerships in the region;
14
(4) Has cemented a vibrant U.S.-Nagosia economic relationship;
(5) Has increased U.S. exports, increased investment, and has
increased the sharing of
(6) Knowledge and know-how between American companies
and Nagosian companies.
(7) Has enhanced economic growth and lowered costs and create
more competitive
companies.
Trade Patterns with Other Countries: The most important
trading partner for Nagosia,
and other countries, is the rest of Asia. The share of IIT in the
total manufacturing trade of South
Korea was high in 1980 and climbed further thereafter to reach

33. 99 per cent of total
manufacturing trade with North America, 100 per cent with
other Asia and 96 percent with
Europe in 1993. A manufacturing trade surplus is maintained
throughout with North America
and the USA. With the rest of Asia, the surplus of 1980
becomes a deficit in 1985, but a surplus
is restored in 1993. The deficit with Europe in 1980 became a
surplus in 1985, but a deficit re-
emerged in 1993. Imports - partners: China 13.2%, Singapore
12.8%, Japan 11.4%, US 9.7%,
Indonesia 6.1%, Thailand 6%, South Korea 4%.
Conclusion
Examining the trade barriers between U.S and Nagosia in this
paper, has opened my eyes to the
fact that the two countries enjoy a Free Trade Agreement where
either country is free to do
business with each other, without tariffs or taxes thereby,
fostering a healthy economic
relationship between the countries. Nagosia also enjoys a FTA
relationship with the rest of the
Asian countries, Australia and the rest of North America.
I forsee that the current trade relationship between the two

34. countries will continue on a positive
track and possible expand in the future.
15
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.cia.gov
www.worldlearders.com
www.tourism.gov
www.journeymart.com
High Commision of India. Doing Business in Nagosia-
Handbook for Indian Businesses.
Confederation of Indian Industry, 2009.
Nanto, Dick K. "The Proposed U.S.-Nagosia Free Trade
Agreement." CRS Report for Congresst.
2006.
Nor, Nor Ghani Md. "Trends in theNagosian Industrial Market
Structures." Jurnal Ekonomi
(2000): 3-20. Nagosia 34.
Osman, Zulkifly. "Trends in the Nagosian Industrial Market
structures." Jurnal Ekonomi (2000):

35. 3-20. Nagosia 34.
"U.S-Nagosia Free Trade Agreement."
www.fas.usda.gov/info/factsheets/NagosiaFTA.asp.
2006.
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