The Greenhouse Effect, A Torrent Of Information, And The...

The Greenhouse Effect, A Torrent of Information, and the...
The Greenhouse Effect, A Torrent of Information, and the Politics of Mass Uncertainty
Introduction: Global warming, the ozone layer, and deforestation are becoming increasingly discussed topics both in the international community and
society. Former Vice–President Albert Gore stated in his 1992 book Earth in the Balance, "The process of filling the atmosphere with CO2 and other
pollutants...is a willful expansion of our dysfunctional civilization into vulnerable parts of the world" (Wittwer 21). With statements like this, one
might wonder what stops the human race from ending this kind of behavior. Scientists and politicians are paralyzed when addressing the issue of
global warming largely from uncertainty of cause/effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These gases 'trap' heat by reflecting heat back to the surface the heat the Earth's surface has already reflected back in the direction of space after being
heated by the sun (World Book 232–233). In the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , the observed global warming was "likely
due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations." Chemistry and Industry magazine citing the preliminary report stated, "atmospheric carbon
dioxide has increased 31% since 1750, and atmospheric methane by 151%" ("IPCC Says Global...Own Fault" 66). From agreement to confusion:
Scientists do not argue that increases in greenhouse gas concentration have some relationship to higher average temperatures. The consequences of
further global warming are hotly contested still and stir widespread debate and disagreement. In fact, arguments over the existence of a natural cycle of
climate change and climate change induced by human activity are considerably prevalent. Arguments for both beneficial and detrimental consequences
of further global warming are wide–ranging. Because the plethora of arguments contributes heavily to the paralyzation of the international community
it is prudent to survey some of the arguments. In June 1999, Friederike Wagner of Utrecht University and a team from Utrecht, Amsterdam and
Gainesville, Florida reported in Science that levels of carbon dioxide in the air increased
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Problems of Glaciers Melting Essay
Our planet has two glaciers of continental size, one being present on Antarctica and the other on Greenland. Observations made by scientists over the
last thirty–five years all agree upon the notion of shrinking, and or retreating of the ice sheets. The melting of ice sheets has powerful implications
for the millions of people who depend on glacial melt for drinking water and the millions of people who will be displaced by the sea level rise
occurring as a direct result of the melting. The observations of ice melting also show that the rate at which the ice is melting is accelerating. Mountain
glaciers around the world are also on the retreat. Some instances of particular mountain glaciers may show expansion, but studies done by... Show more
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A third method known as satellite gravimetry measures changes in Earth's gravity field by deducing satellite data and determining changes in ice mass.
When considering the retreat of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets it is important to understand how global warming is affecting the total mass
and volume of the ice sheets. Global warming, put simply is affecting ice sheets in two main ways. Warmer temperatures cause higher levels of
precipitation, which means more snowfall. On the contrary, warming temperatures cause ice sheets to thin and melt. Therefore we must deduce which
has the greater effect. A variety of techniques, some which have been mentioned earlier have been employed over the years to measure Greenland and
Antarctica's mass balances. Various independent measurements have all agree upon a clear long–term trend showing a decline in ice mass.
Confirmation has been acquired by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, which measured shifts in Earth's gravity field. In the 1960s
Greenland was losing 100 gigatonnes of ice per year, this rate slowed during the 1970s and 1980s in near mass balance. By 1996 the rate of ice
mass loss had increased to 97 gigatonnes per year. As of 2007 a rapid increase of ice loss occurred, measured at 267 gigatonnes per year. In the larger
scheme of things we see how the amount of precipitation vs. the amount of melting interact with each other. Earlier research suggested that the ice
sheets

We'Re Hot as Hell
We're Hot as Hell
Is global warming a moral dilemma? Is it the public policy problem from hell? In "The Environmental Issue from Hell," Bill McKibben uses many of
such phrases en route to arguing for a new approach to global warming. By discussing hell and morals, the reader's mind is already equating it with two
heavily debated issues. Therefore, we begin to question their existence and how we should deal with the subjects. McKibben wisely chooses these
disputes to represent his main concerns: the ways in which consumerism affects the global ecosystem, and the impact of humans on the environment.
McKibben presents a solution on how to handle each of these environmental issues, utilizing both the people and the government.
McKibben's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mckibben inaugurates his third paragraph suggesting that we make the environmental issues, ""the great moral crisis of our time, and the equivalent of
the civil rights movement of the 1960s."(747). He uses this analogy to explain that in his opinion, we are strip–mining the present and destroying all of
whom come after it. Thus, leading him to discuss exactly how humans' materialistic ways have impacted the earth. From Bangladesh living three
months in thigh high–deep water, to polar bears becoming "20% scrawnier than they were a decade ago" (748). The environmentalist writer goes on to
discuss how to deal with global warming since it is indeed creeping up on us.
Mckibben once again articulates his repetitive view that, "it's a moral question, finally, if you think we owe any debt to the future." (748). In many
circumstances it is believed that if it had been done to us, we would dislike the generation that did it, just as how we will one day be disliked. The
solution given in the essay on how to handle these environmental issues is to start a moral campaign. In other words, "... turn it into a political issue,
just as bus boycotts began to make public the issue of race, forcing the system to respond. " (748). As a part of the overall populist causing these issues,
Mckibben understands that the hardest part about starting this moral campaign is identifying a villain to overcome. Briefly

Air Pollution And Its Effects
Air pollution has been around for centuries now, but it has not been until recently that it has become an issue. Air pollution is a problem that is more
severe than the general public understands it to be for several reasons. I chose this topic because its effects on the health of the general public have
become more prevalent over the years. It has become a concern to me because my health is affected as well. Not only does it impact our health and
well–being, air pollution is causing multiple environmental disturbances, including contributing to global warming and global dimming. The existence
of air pollution has been around since the early days. Air pollution is the introduction of a harmful or poisonous substance in the air. There are... Show
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Natural order controls the levels of these gases present in the air; emission is balanced out by uptake through sinks. For example, oceans, plants, and
trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to even out the return of the gas going into the atmosphere.
However, the start of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s introduced an imbalance in the levels of greenhouse gases. Deforestation around the
globe depleted the number of trees and plants necessary to keep the balance. The Industrial Revolution also marked a new age in which factories
became the primary production source of manufactured goods. The iron and textile industries grew tremendously. In order to meet requirements,
factories, power plants, and machines became necessary for the mass production of manufactured goods ("Industrial Revolution," 2009). The operations
of these factories, power plants, and machines required the burning of the fossil fuel coal, which is now one of the main sources of sulfur dioxide
deposits in the atmosphere. The growth of the transportation industry also promoted the levels of pollution in the air. Most vehicles, including trains,
cars, boats, and planes, utilize fossil fuels. Thus the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere have drastically
increased ("Water and Air Pollution," 2009). The impact of the Industrial Revolution shows the effects of human productivity to be more potent for air
pollution than natural emissions.

Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change
Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change
Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change Global climate change is a hot point of contention on an international scale. This subject went
from ridicule, mockery, and doubt to massive grassroots and nonprofit movements, heated debates, and media headlines. Though there exists scientific
research that dates back into the mid 20th century regarding impending climate change, the subject was not take seriously by massive audiences until
the 21st century. At first the debate overglobal warming was whether or not it existed. The debate has evolved into whose fault is it and strategies
for counteracting or reversing the damage. The paper will provide a brief history of this debate as well as a current understanding of both side of the
argument. The paper aims to define ways in which humanity both contributes and combats global climate change. As aforementioned, when public
figures such as former Vice President Al Gore began speaking publically regarding global climate change, average people as well as experts &
professionals across fields, did not take these claims seriously. As more scientific research was performed, evidence mounted that at least the Earth is in
the midst of an environmental change of global proportions. Once this shift in the issue occurred, the debate became more about the precise nature of
global warming (identifying markers) and the human contribution to the situation. Some argue that humans

Conspiracy Theory Of Chemtrails
When you look up at the sky and you see these weird straight lines that are behind jets those are called chemtrails. Chemtrails are created when a jet
engine is releasing hot, humid air into the atmosphere that is cold and has low pressure, the result is these white lines that you see come out of the jet.
To break it down the jet releases water vapor and when it's coming out of the engine it quickly condenses into water droplets and then turns into ice
crystals. The ice crystals are the lines (clouds) that are forming behind the jet engine. Some people believe that they are something chilling. Some
people believe in the conspiracy theory that the chemtrails are not condensation that they are chemicals being secretly released into the

The Pros And Cons Of Under Armour
Under Armour has severely limited its product offerings due to its primary target market, which is geared mainly towards male athletes, aged 12–24.
Their lack of diversity is a notable competitive disadvantage to industry rivals Nike and Adidas. However, we have recently witnessed the growth in
demand for athletic–wear apparel – 6% (Marc Bain), as well as the growth in female sports engagement across the United States (Statista). A potential
strategic alternative could be to significantly expand on their athletic apparel line. This expansion would primarily target female athletes within the same
male target range. In order to enhance the success in this field, they should continue to add to the eight women (Under Armour Roster) who are
currently apart of the Under Armour endorsement roster.
Pros and Cons Analysis 1:
In our first strategy we suggest that Under Armour expands their women's line to tap its thriving market segment. Nike's women's department
accounted for $5.7 billion in fiscal 2015 in comparison to $4.5 billion in 2013. In recent years, women have transitioned to wearing athletic apparel as
leisurewear. Lululemon, a flagship store known for it women's athletic apparel has incurred an annualized growth rate of 23.5% over the past five
years (Soni). There is surely a strong market for women's athletic apparel. With such strong growth in the industry over the past few years, the
competition is beginning to establish their place in the market. With Nike's and

Global Warming : The Persistent Rise Of Air And Sea...
Global warming refers to the persistent rise of air and sea temperatures. Global temperatures in the 20th century have increased by 0.8 В°C (Weart,
2003). There has been a substantial rise of temperatures in the last few decades raising major concerns globally. If the current trends persist, it may be
difficult for the earth to sustain life in the next 200 years. Global warming emanates from both human and natural causes. The current state of global
warming is mostly related to human causes, as natural causes are rare. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, changes in solar output, and
variation of the earth's position altering its distance from the sun (Singer & Avery, 2007). Volcanic eruptions do not always cause global warming. In
most cases, eruptions cause a cooling effect in the surrounding areas. A volcanic eruption produces and injects sulfate aerosols, as well as, SO2 into
the atmosphere. The reaction of these sulphur compounds leads to the formation of gaseous sulfuric acid layer covering the earth's surface. This acid
layers hinders penetration of solar energy. Major concerns should be on human activities that cause global warming since they can be controlled.
According to various researches on global warming, production of greenhouse gasses is the major cause of global warming. Greenhouse gasses
include water vapor, methane (CH4) carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gasses absorb heat; thus, causing
global warming. Methane

Urban Heat Island Effect On New York City
aid the initial water uptake and growth even of particles dominated by very low–solubility compounds (Andreae 2008)
In a study of New York City, Hosannah (2014) found that particle size distribution with a high volume of fine mode particles in urban areas can
suppress precipitation. Particle size distribution with a high volume of coarse mode particles (with giant cloud condensation nuclei) enhanced
precipitation totals. Urban effects also changed spatial precipitation patterns. Jin et al (2005) found weekly signals of aerosol optical thickness for
summer months in AERONET measurements, and in MODIS cloud effective radius over New York City. Aerosols were also elevated seasonally, with
peaks in summer. This study also found that cloud ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another idealized image is Figure 2.10, with diurnal fluctuations in UHI intensity. The magnitude of the UHI effect is defined as the urban–rural
temperature difference, written as О”TU–R. Part (d) in this figure shows how the loss of heat is much greater in the evening in rural compared with
urbanized regions, when urban structures release sensible heat, and (e) shows that the strongest UHI is from about 7pm to 7am.
Figure 2.9 Idealized urban heat island http://eetd.lbl.gov/HeatIsland/HighTemps/
Figure 2.10 Idealized urban/rural differences under UHI conditions. (a) shows urban and rural temperatures on a diurnal period from noon to noon; (b)
shows the rates of change of those temperatures, and (c) shows the difference between urban and rural. (Cox,

Essay on Climate Change and The Rise in Sea Level
"On a recent afternoon, Scott McKenzie watched torrential rains and a murky tide swallow the street outside his dog–grooming salon. Within minutes,
much of this stretch of chic South Beach was flooded ankle–deep in a fetid mix of rain and sea.
"Welcome to the new Venice," McKenzie joked as salt water surged from the sewers."––––– Michael J. Mishak, Associated Press June 7, 2014 at 4:24
PM EDT
According to the World Bank Development Report 2013 there has been an increase in global surface temperature of 0.4 to 0.9 Celsius (C) in the past
100 years. This change in temperature largely caused, according to the IPCC, by the release of GHGs through human activities. There are several
effects associated to the change in global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recent studies (such as Wigley and Raper, 1987) have shown that 2 to 5 centimeters in sea level rise, in the period of 1880–1985, can be explained by
thermal expansion (Warrick, 1990). Moreover, studies (such as Meier, 1984) have found evidence that 2–6 centimeters of sea level rise can be
explained by the melting of glaciers (Warrick, 1990). According to the International Programme forClimate Change's estimates sea level will rise
between "0.3 and 1.0 meter by 2100, with a best–guess estimate of 0.5 meter" (World Resources, 1998–99). A rise in sea level will most likely affect
coastal, deltaic, and low–lying populations and ecosystems. Still, more of global coastal areas are being developed for the demand of growing
populations. According to World Resources (1998–99), "sixteen of the world's largest cities with populations of more than 10 million are located in
coastal zones." Coastal areas in particular will be affected severely in terms of beach and coastal erosion, permanent inundation, temporary flooding,
and increased water salinity – among other things – are possible environmental consequences of sea level rise. For the United Kingdom "a 1 meter/yr
cliff retreat rate would increase by 0.35

Essay on The Global Warming Controversy
The globe is being rocked by extreme weather and the hottest temperatures on record. As the average global temperature soars, there are floods,
droughts, unusually cold winters, forest fires, and huge storms. Are all of these horrors being caused by human–induced global warming?
The source of global warming is a very controversial topic. Some scientists think that global warming is a natural part of the Earth's cycle because the
Earth has always had natural heating and cooling cycles. Other scientists believe that global warming is caused by humans dut to the greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect is the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels. These scientists believe
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since being on the "green" side seems to make the politicians popular, many of them "stand up" to global warming. So environmentalists, among of
whom are some politicians, hide or just ignore the facts regarding global warming and its true aspects.
First of all, the environmentalists disregard the fact that there has been several global warming and cooling periods throughout the history. Willie Soon,
a professor at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, confirmed that from 800 to 1300 A.D. the average temperatures of the world were 2
to 4 degrees or more higher than that of the 20th century, which is referred to as the Medieval Warm Period (Anderson, par.16). This warming trend
was detected in many other parts of the world at that time, and the history proves that it brought wealth rather than disaster. During this period, Europe
flourished and was awoken by Renaissance culture."Olives grew in 13th –century Germany, where St. Albert the Great also noted abundant fig and
pomegranate groves in Cologne and the Rhine valley–places too cold for those crops today" (16). Following the Medieval Warm Period, the
temperature plummeted 3 to 5 degrees, which is 2 degrees colder than our climate today, lasting until 1900. Since 1900, the world has warmed up
about 1 degree (18). One of the other natural causes is the activities of volcanoes. Volcanoes release a huge amount of sulfuric acid, which is believed
to contribute to global warming.
Then what can be

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment
The government and Darpa have openly admitted in creating a way to manipulate the weather, the reason the government would have created a way to
manipulate weather is for self–benefit of the country or for political reasons, such as dis–forming a monstrous hurricane or helping precipitation occur
in an area suffering with drought, the end game in this conspiracy would be for the United States to have complete control if manipulating the weather
anywhere in the world and by doing this it would allow the U.S. to have total control of the other countries and continents. Geoengineering is the
deliberate manipulation of an environment process that affects the earth's climate in an attempt to counteract the effects of global warming, it is a
wake–up call that our planet is dying. Geoengineering studies include the principles – which are intended to guide development, the categories: solar
geoengineering and carbon geoengineering, which are aimed to tackle temperature and the techniques used to gather data that could change and be
good for the planet. Geoengineering research is still at a very early stage but may need to be developed sooner due to the world which is ever
changing for the worse, but never the less it is still important that scientist are given the space within which to ask and to try and answer difficult
questions, only through combined modeling and field research can we generate the evidence base for a salient answer on whether climate engineering
is a good or bad

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment
Geoengineering is the on purpose mass manipulation of the environment, in an attempt to stop or slow down the effects of global warming. It is being
used as we speak to help save the atmosphere and slow global warming. Although it's known that global warming is changing the planet for the worse,
is Geo–Engineering the best way to fight it? Global Warming is melting our ice caps and sea levels are constantly rising at an alarming rate. If it is not
combatted many major cities will be wiped off of the planet. The world has been combating geoengineering for a while with emitting chemtrails one
among many of ideas. Although many ways are quick and relatively cheap, they all have their downsides.
A popular tactic is the chemical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their purpose is to reflect the sunlight back into space and lower the planet's temperature. This process is known as global dimming. These little
particles leave thick lingering streaks in the sky and take unusually long to dissipate. Organizations have been intervening in the climate to bring down
the temperatures of the planet. Even though they may appear to be regular plane contrails, after a while it is easy to tell the difference.
These pieces of aluminum hurt humans in a large way too. As the small particles drop down to the ground they end up everywhere. The sprayings
are regular, but usually are done on sunny clear days. They end up in lakes and ponds and even in our lungs. These particles made up of small
pieces of metal are mostly aluminum. The high concentrations can cause brain damage and many other problems such as kidney failure, nervous
system impairment and memory loss at times. The particles can also mess up our digestive systems. Even though it may seem easy to combat if you
stay inside for us it is even harder. The same water that is infected by the aluminum runs off into our lakes, ponds, and streams and into our wells.
The same wells that supply us with all the water our homes receive. Now kids are being born with more respiratory problems as a result of the high
levels being passed from their mother. Even though it is widely seen scientists to this day continue to deny this idea. When brought up in press
conferences

Essay about Global Warming
Global Warming
The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human–induced. With
global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. Many are
agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Recent years show increasing temperatures in various regions, and
increasing extremities in weather patterns. Research has shown that air pollutants from fossil fuel use make clouds reflect more of the sun's rays back
into space. This leads to an effect known as global dimming whereby less heat and energy reaches the earth. At first, it sounds like... Show more
We are fortunate that our modern societies have developed during the last 10,000 years of benignly warm, interglacial climate. But for more than 90
percent of the last two million years, the climate has been colder, and generally much colder, than today. The reality of the climate record is that a
sudden natural cooling is far more to be feared, and will do infinitely more social and economic damage, than the late 20th century phase of gentle
warming. The single human activity that is most likely to have a large impact on the climate is the burning of "fossil fuels" such as coal, oil and gas.
These fuels contain carbon. Burning them makes carbon dioxide gas. Since the early 1800s, when people began burning large amounts of coal and oil,
the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere has increased by nearly 30%, and average global temperature appears to have risen between 1В°
and 2В°F.Carbon dioxide gas traps solar heat in the atmosphere, partly in the same way as glass traps solar heat in a sunroom or a greenhouse. For
this reason, carbon dioxide is sometimes called a "greenhouse gas." As more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere, solar heat has more trouble
getting out. The result is that, if everything else stayed unchanged, the average temperature of the atmosphere would increase. As people burn more
fossil fuel for energy they add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. If this

The Catastrophic Impact of Rising Oceans on the Pacific...
The Catastrophic Impact of Rising Oceans on the Pacific Islands
All over the world indigenous communities are faced with an array of new problems, though the public continues to gain insight into the lives of these
people they continue to be marginalized in the global arena as well. The Pacific Islands are an entity far removed from the minds of most westerners.
The primary focus of any political discourse within the United States places most emphasis on Australia and New Zealand ignoring the smaller less
politically salient states. However, it is these smaller islands that will bare the brunt of one huge problem in the future, global warming. For the
purpose of this paper I will ignore the polemics of global warming and not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only have increased temperatures been noticed on dry–land but also in the oceans, which is even more frightening. It is worse because the oceans
absorb a lot of the atmospheric heat if it weren't for that the land temperatures would be even higher. And with the polar ice caps receding the mean
oceanic sea level is also rising.
Speaking strictly in terms of the next hundred years the islands with the lowest altitudes are of greatest concern in regard to swelling oceans.
Low–lying island states and atolls are especially vulnerable to climate change and associated sea–level rise because in many cases much of the terrain
rarely exceeds 3–4m above present mean sea level. This is not to say that the other higher islands will escape unscathed from rising sea levels. For them
the problem isn't necessarily complete immersion but the alteration of costal zones is of concern. It is in these regions that most of the main
settlements are and a majority of the vital economic infrastructures, making them very vulnerable.
The ecosystems of the ocean are particularly sensitive to slight but permanent changes in the average surface temperature of the earth. For the people
of the Pacific Islands this is crucial connected to their future. First, the coral reefs that are in the shallow waters surrounding many of the pacific
islands are incredibly fragile to begin with. The

Religion, Poverty, and Wealth Essay
Religion, Poverty, and Wealth
Christians believe strongly in world equality, as they feel that they have a responsibility to care for the poor and needy. These responsibilities are
based upon the five key Christian ideas
1. Stewardship
Genesis (1: 28 – 31)
In this story God creates Adam and Eve. He builds a beautiful house and a beautiful garden with trees laden with ripe and delicious fruit for them to
live in. 'Pick the fruit and eat it freely,' God told them, 'but do not eat the fruit from the tree in the middle as it is evil, and if eaten you will die.' One
day a cunning snake persuaded Eve to eat a piece of fruit from the forbidden tree. After much persuasion Eve reluctantly took ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Lord Elijah was enraged and cursed the King's family for eternity.
The moral of this story is to not use your power to demand personal and sentimental belongings from others. But 'Bob Geldof' has twisted this parable
by using his power to help poverty stricken people (Make Poverty History fund).
3. Human life is sacred
Genesis (1: 26 – 27)
'All men and women are created equal. In Genesis we are told that every individual is special because we are all made in the image of God. Rich or poor
we are all of equal importance and every life is sacred.'
This teaching is emphasising Christians to treat everyone equally disregarding their creed, colour, culture or finical purposes.

4. The Golden rule
Luke (10: 25 – 37)
The Good Samaritan
There was once a Jew who was travelling along a long and dangerous road. All of a sudden a group of robbers beat him and stole his belongings, they
left him stripped and half–dead by the roadside. A priest walked past and saw the body, but quickly moved on, afterwards a Levite walked past and
did the same thing. Then a Samaritan walked past, no Jew had ever been nice to him, but he still helped the injured man by wrapping his wounds in
bandages. He carefully lifted him onto his donkey and took him to the nearest inn, ordering the inn keeper to look after and treat the injured

Environmental Issues Learnt And Hypothetical Environmental...
Environmental issues learnt and hypothetical environmental leadership decisions xxxxxx xxxxx
University of the People
Word count 896
Abstract
We reflect on environmental issues learned so far and what has been an influencing factor and has this shaped my attitude. The hypothetical scenario of
implementing three programs to solve environmental problems, three stages for each program and what the programs will achieve is also discussed.
Environmental issues learnt and hypothetical environmental leadership decisions
Some key environmental issues covered so far are global warming, climate change, air pollution, water quality and quantity, ecosystems and global
dimming. Some key statements have had a strong impact, these have been provided by the organisations NASA and the UN. The UN (2014)
states that every year more people die from unsafe water than war and violence. The UN (2014) also states that an estimated 1.8 billion people
will be in regions classified as water scarce by 2025. NASA (2014) make the statements "Greenland lost 150 to 250 cubic kilometers of ice per year
between 2002 and 2006" and "Antarctica lost about 152 cubic kilometers of ice between 2002 and 2005" and "The oceans have absorbed much of this
increased heat, with the top 700 meters of ocean showing warming of 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969". This combined with other key messages
backed up by scientifically collected data highlights the importance and

Decision Making On Black Carbon Mitigation
Decision–Making on Black Carbon Mitigation
Introduction
There have been myriad of findings over the past couple of years suggesting that climate change may be happening far faster than we originally
anticipated. Climate change has the potential to trigger abrupt transitions such as the release of carbon from thawing permafrost, ocean acidification,
sea level rise, and biodiversity loss. The world has warmed by about 1.5В°F, and by 2100 it is projected to rise another 2 to 11.5В°F (Karl et al.,
2009). Scientists conclude that greenhouse gases (GHG) from anthropogenic sources are the most significant driver of observed climate change (IPCC
2013). GHG have the property of absorbing the infrared radiation given off by the Earth and re–emitting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BC has a short atmospheric residence time of days to weeks, while longвЂђlived GHGs can persist in the atmosphere for centuries. Therefore,
reductions in GHG emissions will take longer to influence atmospheric concentrations and will have less impact on climate on a short timescale,
whereas reductions in current BC emissions are immediate (Bice et al., 2009). Apart from that, some scientists (Shindell & Faluvegi 2009,
Ramanathan & Feng 2009, Quinn et al. 2008, Jacobson 2010) attribute up to 50% of arctic ice melting to BC emissions, therefore its emissions
reductions can substantially decrease the rate at which arctic ice is melting. Thus, initiatives focused on lowering BC will help offset the impact of
decades of GHG emissions and give efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions time to get off the ground. It's worth mentioning that BC also has
adverse effect on human health, such as premature mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and development of chronic respiratory disease,
so targeting BC emissions will be beneficial from the public health standpoint (EPA 2011).
Bringing black carbon into climate strategy offers a complementary route to act on climate change, but the scientific understanding of black carbon
climate effects isn't fully complete to support this proposition. On the one hand, there's a group of scientists who conclude that BC is one of the most
important human emission in terms of its climate forcing in current atmosphere, as it

A Study of Climate Change Adaptation Practices and Their...
A study of Climate change adaptation practices and their implementations.
1) Introduction–
A series of reports issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the Nineties conclusively linked increasing climate variability
as a consequence of human actions resulting in increasing quantities of Green House Gases in the environment.
These reports led to a call for international action and thus the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established
in 1994. The Framework envisaged two main strategies to tackle climate change–
Mitigation– processes involving reducing the output of green house gases
Adaptation–methods used to cope with climate change
1.1) The need for Adaptation–
Mitigation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Sunderbans, located in West Bengal, have been particularly susceptible to typhoons arising from the Bay of Bengal. Farmers have relied on
embankments to segregate saline sea water from engulfing their soil but the devastation caused by Typhoon Aila in 2009 destroyed approximately 900
kms of embankment thus salinating many miles of agricultural land. This prompted Kolkata NGO, Society for Environment and Development
(ENDEV) to look into introducing strains of paddy rice which were resistant to saline water and soil thus providing farmers a lifeline to their crop yield.
ENDEV activists took a year to identify five indigenous salt resistant seeds :
Hamilton
Talmugur
Nona bokra
Lal getu
Sada getu
The NGO then collaborated with five other organisations in the Sunderbans to propagate the new seeds. The harvest observed after subsequent planting
of these seeds was satisfactory despite the late monsoons in 2012.
Citation– (Ghosh, 2013)
4) Case Study 'B': Radio as a means of climate change education in Bundelkhand through the 'Shubh Kal' project.
Azadpura village in the Indian district

Essay about Global Warming: Why It's Happening
Global warming has been a hot topic for generations. Questions like "Is it natural or man–made?", "What is causing it?", or "How can we reduce it?",
have stumped scientists and engineers. Most people think that reducing global warming means having to buy expensive "green" contraptions or
driving electric cars, that can be dangerous, due to their size, and can take hours to charge. Those would be great things to do to reduce our impact on
global climate change, but unfortunately, in our current economic state, most people don't have that kind of money. Fortunately, there are effective and
cost efficient ways to reduce global warming and live a cleaner, greener and healthier life. There are many theories as to why global warming is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If too many greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, too much heat will become trapped and the Earth's temperature will rise. Since the use
of the beforementioned have become more frequent, the parts per million (ppm) of atmospheric greenhouse gases have risen, too.
The negative effects of this rise is frightening, and may start effecting the planet very soon. When the planet warms, glaciers, and polar ice caps melt
causing a rise in sea level. The melting of glaciers also removes many people of their clean water because 80% of all the people on Earth depend on the
run–off from glaciers. The rise in sea level floods coast lines, destroying homes and buildings along the coast, and filling streets with water. This will
force humans to have more densely populated cities that may become so overpopulated that diseases may start to spread quickly. With the water
shortage and the extreme heat, deaths by dehydration and disease will become more common. If people don't start to take action to reduce global
warming, that could soon become the world we live in.
Thankfully though, this will only happen if we continue consuming and polluting as much as we do today. You may have heard of "Energy Star"
products or homes. The homes are certified to use 15 to 30% less energy than those that are not Energy Star certified. Energy Star certified products can
also help reduce your harm on the environment.

"For the Sake of Our Planet, Tourism Should Be...
The world is huge and mysterious, full of wonders and surprises, and humans are ever inquisitive by nature. The need for human to consistently travel
and quench their curiousity through new discoveries had been evident since early civilization. Like those myths and legends of Gulliver's Travels to
appease the curiousity of people in the pastof the vast , unknwon Eart, to the real history and conquers of Marco Popl, humans have never find it
enough to stop unreveling the wonders of nature and Earth to cease travelling. Especially with the advancement of and improvement of transport
technologies. When we needed months, even years, of perilous travels across oceans, now we just need a few luxurious hours on planes to reach our
destinations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The environment may be destroyed in the process of building these infrastructures, like the clearing of lands for not only the hotels and shops, but also
for better accessibility and transport system. This may eventually lead to overcrowding of the tourist spot. Following are the air and noise pollution,
unavoidable when overpopulation occurs. This further degrades the environment.
Therefore tourism should be discouraged as it can cause great harm to the environment of that particular tourist spot with the influx followed by the
tourism industry.
Also the travelling in modern modes of transports like air palnes and various land transports releases large amount of carbon gases that can result in
global temperature rise. And of course the rise in carbon emmision is a major influece from the rise in tourism as many prefer the mode of transport
by air. The advancemnet of transporation technology by air has not only hasten travelling time, but as thismode of transport became more common, it
became cheaper as well. Many budget airline companies are springing out, making travelling more affordable and more popular. However 12% of the
world's carbon emmision is contributed by aviation.
Although there are many other industries and activities, like factories wastes, which produce more carbon emmision than air travel alone, discouraging
tourism (along with other sectors) can help cut down on the carbon emmision.
But on the other hand, as more people travel due to their

Canada Goose Case Study
a. According to the textbook, the reasons that provide motivation for companies' international expansion and describe them.
Traditional motivations
Resource Seeking: secure supplies.
Low–cost factor: exploit factor cost differences
Market Seeking: fulfill capability; exploit scale economies and scope economies.
Emerging motivations
Competitive positioning: match competitors, preempt markets, capture the global scale, play "global chess".
Global scanning: global intelligence scan, access scare knowledge.
b.
Market and resource seeking: "this motivation was particularly strong for companies that had some intrinsic advantage, typically related to their
technology and brand recognition, which gave them a competitive advantage in offshore markets" (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
Competitive positioning: "the most controversial of the many global competitive strategic actions taken by MNEs...have been those base on
cross–subsidization of markets" (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
Global scanning/ learning: when trying to get low–cost resources, the company is exposed to new technologies and markets (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
c. By expanding internationally, Canada Goose can have many opportunities to seek new markets, grow, increase sales, and improve its brand
recognition overseas. With those extra sales, it will enable to exploit scale and scope economies; thereby it will have a source of competitive
advantage over its domestic

Taking a Look at Climate Change
If we are going to look at the consensus on climate change we should start by defining which group of people is supposed to be reaching that
consensus. All scientists are supposed to know all there is to know about every field of science; 17,000 scientists signed a petition saying there's no
convincing evidence that greenhouse gases will disrupt the earth's climate; 31,000 scientists are saying that global warming is beneficial. A lot a
meteorologist become weather forecasters or pilots or teachers or homemakers or businesspeople. There are no longer Geophysicist who specialize in
measuring seismic and magnetic anomalies. So the petition suggestion that everyone with a degree in meteorology or geophysics knows a lot about
climate change or is familiar with all the research that's been done. Phil Chapman was described as a geophysicist when he wanted to promote his
thoughts on climate but his bio on NASA's website shows that he was a physicist who specialized in aeronautical instrumentation. Tim Ball has a
variety of titles 28 years professor of climatology at the University of Winnipeg, 32 years as Professor of Climatology at the University of Winnipeg,
a former climatology professor. Professor Tim Ball of the Department of climatology at the University of Winnipeg; first of all there is no climatology
department at the University Winnipeg, climatology was just one small element of the geography course that you taught your major was in geography
and you were geography

Impacts Of Anthropogenic Greenhouse And Trace Gases On The...
The Impacts of Anthropogenic Greenhouse and Trace Gas Emissions on the Ocean
By: Lexie Herdt, Meredith Fish, and Samantha Ballard
Meteo 470: Video Research Project
12/15/14
Introduction:
Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and other trace gases affect the atmosphere, ocean, biosphere and cryosphere (IPCC, 2014). These components of the
climate system stimulate interactions between each other ranging from synoptic to microscale processes and including everything in between. Since
the industrial revolution, human–produced emissions have been changing the world around us (IPCC, 2014). The phenomenon of having greenhouse
gases and aerosols in the atmosphere is natural and necessary to support life on Earth. However, the buildup of greenhouse gases ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This research is intended to further the understanding of how the Earth's climate will be affected with rising anthropogenic emissions.
Each of the world's countries contributes different amounts of both gas and particle emissions to the atmosphere influencing changes in weather and
climate on a daily basis. The main anthropogenic emissions in the climate system are Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
and Aerosols, each consisting of a different atmospheric lifetime. Since the United States endorses open access to scientific data, tools and resources to
conduct research, it is more beneficial to analyze the anthropogenic emission sources of the United States over other industrialized countries whose data
is not so freely available to the public (Auer et al., 2007). The United States is the second highest emitter or polluter in the world. The burning of fossil
fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation produces most of the United States' emissions. Due to the country's dependence on fossil fuels, the United
States' emission footprint is expanding. With a growing population and an expanding economy, the United States is urbanizing at an expansive rate.
The increase in population as well as the modernization of our world is causing Americans to increase their energy consumption through increased
transportation and the development of new cities. All in

Does Air Pollution Help Reduce Global Warming?
In the article Does Air Pollution Help Reduce Global Warming by Evan Galloway, the author starts off with naming some of the many contributors
to global warming. One example he uses is a fossil fuel that we know as coal. Galloway goes on to describe what is released from the coal when it is
burned (which is carbon dioxide and sulfate) and the affect it has on our atmosphere. When sulfate is released into the air it forms aerosols, which
contribute to our pollution and acid rain. (Galloway, 2009) Lina M. Mercado of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in the United Kingdom and
other colleagues, discovered new evidence that suggest aerosols might actually help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. The new research
presented by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no doubt that these effects contribute to global dimming. However when a model of the effect of aerosols were performed by Mercado and
colleagues, they found that aerosols increase the use of sunlight. An example used by Galloway explains the concept of aerosols increasing the
use of sunlight: if you let a water hose flow freely, the first few buckets will get full and overflow, but the other buckets would get no water at all.
When a spray attachment is added all buckets would receive water and none will overflow, so no water is wasted. (Galloway, 2009) The example
used by Galloway above is the same way plants work. When light is shining on one leaf, its receiving more sunlight than it actually needs. If the light
is scattered, more leaves will have a chance of receiving sunlight, exposing shadowed leaves to more light as well. Although the leaves will be getting
less light, the rest would be used for photosynthesis. None of the sunlight goes wasted. It is known that most climate models take only global dimming
into account. Those models show us that increasing levels of aerosol in our atmosphere have caused a 15% loss in carbon dioxide intake by plants.
But when Mercado and colleagues included the aerosols effect of light scattering, they found instead a 10 % increase in the amount of carbon dioxide
absorbed by plants. (Galloway, 2009) Galloway concludes the article with saying that the conclusion shouldn't be that

Human Activity And Climate Change
The IPCC define climate change as "change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or
the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time,
whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity" ( "Observed"). In today's society, there are various opinions over whether humans are
contributing to climate change or if natural causes are contributing to climate change. Some people believe that humans are the main contributor to
climate change, whilst others believe that natural causes are playing a substantially bigger role in contributing to climate change. Both human and
natural causes play a role in contributing to climate change.
An example of human activity playing a role in contributing to climate change is the increased burning of fossil fuels, which inevitably leads to
increased energy consumption. There appears to be a positive correlation, even a causation between increased energy consumption and increased carbon
dioxide emissions from 1854 to 2000. For example, in 1854, the world energy consumption for coal, oil and natural gas combined was "28 exajoules",
by 2000, the world energy consumption for coal, oil and natural gas combined was "1375 exajoules" (Gail Tverberg). Furthermore, during the
industrial revolution from 1760 to 1840, where there was a drastic change in methods of

Essay on Global Warming: Is it a Real Problem?
Think of a person riding downhill on a bicycle that has no brake on the wheels, and who knows that there is a large glass plate placed vertically
somewhere across the way. The person is sensible enough to predict that if he continues to enjoy this ever accelerating ride, he is going to collide
against the invisible glass plate in a short interval. But he is so deeply content on this ride that even after the knowledge of a certain accident ahead
unless he jumps out of the bicycle, he is willing to go a bit farther for his personal fulfillment. Today, we face a similar situation in which we are
seemingly unwilling to help ourselves out of a possibly disastrous problem of global temperature rise.
For as long as human beings have been in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can also rephrase this statement by stating that excessive greenhouse gases would inviteglobal warming.
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas naturally found in the atmosphere. Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s, humans have
devised many inventions that burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gases, which, along with other human activities such as clearing land for
agriculture or urban settlements, help some of these greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere that in turn trap more heat radiation in the
atmosphere causing the Earth's climate to become warmer than it would naturally (Mastrandrea). This unnatural phenomenon is termed global warming
by scientists and they blame it for an increase in the Earth's surface temperature of about 0.6В°C (about 1В°F) over the last 100 years (Mastrandrea).
So, is the temperature really rising? This simple answer to this question is "Yes." According to Watson, we now have strong evidences that the climate
is changing and that human activities were the primary cause of the changes during the 20th century (24). He asserts that the temperature increase in
the 20th century was greater than that for any other century during the last 1000 years and the temperatures now are warmer than at any time during
this period (26). Johns acclaim that the rise in CO2 levels from 280 parts per million around 1700s to 380 p.m. Today is the major factor

Global Warming Essay
Global warming has becamebecome an accepted fact in the present century (Li et al. 2017). the consensus in the half past century, Tthe rate of warming
in the globally mean surface temperature during the period fromcalculated since 1951 to 2012 was 0.012в„ѓВ·a–1 globally. , Hhowever, the significant
increasing rate in the TA (0.021 в„ѓВ·a–1) across the entire HRB was was about twice two time higher than the global average (Alexander et al.,
2013), which is consistent with the findings of Sun et al. (2006), and Ren et al., (2005). also nearly. At the same time, the average warming rate was
increased at a rate of (0.022 в„ѓВ·a–1) over the past 50 years in China (Ding et al., 2006), while an interesting phenomenon was observed in this study
that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shan et al. (2015) have found this reason for declining the WS rate especially, especially in Northwest China, which where implemented Chinese
forestry and ecological projects have implemented in such as large scale afforestation and reforestation as well as grain for green or grassland., the
typical projects included Three–North Forest Protection and Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Control projects (Shan et al., 2015). Furthermore, accelerated
urbanization due to the economic development and population growth may be reasoned forcan also interpret the decreasing es in WS, , particularly
in especially the regions near the meteorological stations. The decreasing rate of WS will reduce the migration of water molecules, decline the
impact of aerodynamic force on ETref, and therefore downward trend in ETref (Teh, 2006). However, the significant downward trend in the WS at
each station of the HRB is was still in debatable mattere and needed to further research. and discussion. Solar radiation (SR) is the crucial energy
source on the earth, and some studies have found the decreasing trend in SR (Liu et al., 2010; Liu and Zhang, 2013; Xu et al., 2006a) which arewere
similar to the results of the HRB. Meanwhile, a A long sequence of radiation observations showed that theis decreasing trend of the SR occurred
before 1980s (Liepert, 2002;

Qualitative Interview Essay
Ahead of our call, here is an outline of our initial thinking on themes and issues to explore in the qualitative interviews. This is based on our thinking
to date about the aims the project and our reading of your existing research.
It would be useful to get your take on the ideas, and then we can turn these into a discussion guide for the interviews.
Overall thoughts
It is worth flagging a few overall points and observations:
п‚§This research needs to balance your larger, company–wide goal – overcoming negativity toward for–profit companies working in the education field
– with dynamics present in your local, target areas.
п‚§Pearson's existing research covers many motifs and values, from the importance of digital learning to how Pearson's scale can be leveraged to
strengthen its brand. In this research, we should attempt to tease out which of these concepts work or has been changed given recent political events,
like Brexit.
п‚§We are conscious of how recent events, like the Every Student Achieves acts or presidential campaign, might impact perceptions in the current
education field for the foreseeable future. We will need to understand these current perceptions, as well as future and past views about the role of
for–profits in education.
п‚§We need to ensure a number of questions can replicated across our different research instruments and targets, to quantify them and allow for more
holistic analysis.
Suggested areas to cover
We have outlined the following

Effects Of Global Warming On The World Essay
Diseases, war, etc... Those are major concerns of this world, and climate change is always a hot issue given to debate. It 's not just a matter of a single
country, but it's a problem of the whole human race. Humanity is facing the risk of extinction. The impact of environmental pollution leads to climate
change and natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Those disasters are caused by the impact of humans to nature, such as
deforestation, ecological imbalance, and use of chemicals. Gas emissions from industries in urban areas are also a big factor that causes global warming
. Earth's temperature has been increasing each year. Glaciers melting are one of the early signs of global warming. If more glaciers melt, the sea level
will increase which may cause flooding in certain areas. Global dimming is even more harmful to humans than global warming. Global dimming is
also caused by humans because of the air pollution caused by burning coal, oil, and wood, which releases carbon dioxide to the earth's atmosphere. Air
pollution can cause all kinds of illnesses, such as lung cancer, heart diseases, and asthma. Climate change is impactful worldwide. Even though some
people say that climate change happens naturally, I believe it is caused by the impact of human activity. It is clear to see how the impact of humans
affects the climate. As the human population increases rapidly, the need for housing, food, factories, and buildings also increases. Although, forests

Article Review : The Particulate Matter 2.5
Author (Arial, Bold, 10 point)Ziqi Zhou
Author Affiliation (Arial, Bold, 10 point) University, Department, Building, City, State, Country)The Ohio State University, Department of Art,
Hopkins Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (USA)
Article Title (Arial, Bold, 10 point, 10 word limit)The PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5) emissions from household raw coal affect the life expectancy in
China
Article Preview/"Teaser" (10–15 words, Arial, 10 point, the teaser is NOT the same as an Abstract)
Please insert a few brief sentences that will catch a reader's attention. These words will display in the search results list. Try to include a question or
statement that describes your article and the most important keywords for the article.
The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) emissions from household uncompressed raw coal linked to human health and affect the life expectancy in China
Full Article Text (1000–1250 words, Use Arial and 10 pt. font size)
In the past decade, China has experienced severe haze pollution. According to the research data, over these years, 14 million tons of Particulate
Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and 2 million tons of Black Carbon (BC) were emitted into the atmosphere annually. As is shown in Figure 1, the air condition in
Beijing was so poor that the whole city was enveloped with the haze. In ambient air, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) refers the particles that is less than
or equal to 2.5 micron in aerodynamic equivalent diameter. These emissions of

Biosphere Worksheet Essay
University of Phoenix Material Biosphere Worksheet Section A: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Define biosphere. Describe
the part of the biosphere where humans can survive. Biosphere can be described as our whole earth and all living entities that dwell in it. 2. Based on
this week's required readings, what are the main causes of threats to the biosphere? The main causes of threats to the biosphere revolve around all the
no sustainable practices that directly affect our world; more specifically, the immediate and long–term effects of the incorrect disposal of waste. 3.
Define sustainability. What do scientists predict will happen in Earth's future if we do not increase our sustainability... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
| |Water |Water supply cost increases that are a |Effectively manage water by replacing | |Ineffective Water Management |result of diminishing supplies
from |inefficient water fixtures, reducing use, | | |upstream users and/or growing demand from |reusing water that is currently being | | |the suppliers'
customer base. |discarded. | |Energy |Emissions from coal plants are a |Renewable energy sources such as | |Coal |significant environmental and public
health|hydroelectricity, biomass, geothermal, | | |concern. |wind, solar electric, and ocean power. | |Pollution |Hybrid–Electric vehicles are more
expensive|Create affordable fuel cell vehicles which | |Vehicle CO2 Emissions |to purchase. |combine oxygen from the air with a hydrogen| | | |rich
fuel or biofuels that has been | |

Rhetorical Analysis
1: Cynthia Tucker "Climate Change Deniers Push Back On Environmental Regulation"
2014
The Main point of view in this article is how disasters like flooding and drought which are attributed to the changing climate are affecting some parts of
the country. Weather forecasters issued flash flooding for the Deep South's coastal areas while California is struggling with drought that has created
trouble for the economy.
The other main point of this article is that scientists are saying the increased temperature will lead to sever weather of all kinds including drought or
global warming which can cause the atmosphere to hold more moisture leading to high rainfall. Because of the threat of the changing climate, president
Obama made climate

Climate Change in Peru Essay
Peru is a nation composed of heterogeneous ecosystems including the coastline of the Pacific Ocean, deserts, the Andes Mountains including the glacial
regions, and the second largest portion of the Amazon Forest Basin (US AID, 2011). Its heterogeneity creates such a dire situation for Peru in terms of
climate change and the effects it has on each individual system as well as the effects on wildlife and human occupants that live in these regions. In Peru,
the climate changes that have been taking place have led to several disastrous outcomes that include not only draught, but have also led to depletion of
the Amazon Rain Forest, an increase in disease, extreme temperature changes, glacial ablation, extreme weather, and changes in the... Show more
Cirilo Quispe Latorre, the mayor of Cachimayo district recalls how the climate has change just since he was younger: "The rains used to start in
October, and we would plant broad beans, wheat, and potatoes. Now the rains begin around mid–December, and we lose more than a month and a half
of growing time." (Hufstader, 2009). Latorre goes on to say that the rains, which once ended in April now end in March. This significantly
diminishes the amount of time that farmers have to produce crops which in turn has led to decreases in the output of crops in the last twelve years
(Hufstader, 2009). However, according to the USAID report on Peru, annual rainfall percentages have not changed drastically over the last 40 years.
There has been an increase in the coastal regions and highlands (where most of farming takes place), a decrease in the jungle areas, and little change
anywhere else (US AID, 2011).What has changed though, is the extent of the drought periods which cannot be alleviated by the intense periods of rain
(US AID, 2011). This issue could be helped in the long term by utilizing more advanced irrigation methods that could store water during the intense
rains to help alleviate some of the burden of the long droughts.
One of the most significant effects of climate change in the region has been the devastating effects of the melting glaciers. These glaciers often provide
an extra source of water for farming regions, storing water in the rainy season and

Ipcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay
IPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary
Abstract
The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring?
About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood
that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to
access at this time that may have bearing on the report and our understanding of climate change?
The IPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary for Policymakers is an assessment of the current scientific understanding of the impacts of
climate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main factors in this climate change are observed to be the increase in temperatures and the resulting acidification of the oceans. The previously
mentioned changes and others in the report are readily observable, such as the uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 that has led to the ocean
becoming more acidic, with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units and in some instances blatantly obvious, even to the average layperson. It is
difficult to conclude what the rate of change in the future will be and the effects of observed ocean acidification on the marine biosphere.
The report concludes, again with "high confidence", that anthropogenic (human caused) warming has had a discernible influence on many of our
planets physical and biological systems. While there are limitations and gaps in the knowledge available, particularly from undeveloped countries, the
knowledge available allowed the group to attribute most of the observed increase in the globally averaged temperature since the mid–20th century to
the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The analysis was necessarily limited in the number of systems and locations
considered. In addition, natural temperature variability is larger at the regional than at the global scale, thus affecting identification of changes due to
external forcing and at the regional scale other factors such as land–use change and pollution, are an environmental

We Must Stop Global Warming Now! Essay
When the topic of global warming comes up in conversation many people either groan and avoid conversation, or don their dueling gloves and
prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel guilty and concerned; some simply do not care. Different points of view yield different stances on the
subject. Coming from the scientific and environmental points of view, myrmecologist Edward O. Wilson discusses the severity ofglobal warming, some
of the threads of thought that oppose his own, and some of the consequences of continued mistreatment of the environment in his book The Future of
Life. While some people may claim ignorance on the subject, global warming and substantial data showing annual increases in global temperature have
Others are aware of the situation, but are unwilling to make changes because their focus lies elsewhere. One of the main points of view that frequently
opposes the environmentalist and ecologist ways of thinking is that of the economist. From the economist's perspective, the focus is on production and
consumption. He may think: "this is only hurting the environment a little bit, if there are consequences they will be far down the road and we can
deal with them once we are more financially stable and have developed better technology." Nobody can argue with the economist for prioritizing in
such a manner, and Wilson attempts to reason out the logic noting, "he is right, of course. Every species lives on production and consumption... The
economist's thinking is based on precise models of rational choice and near–horizon time lines. His parameters are the gross domestic product, trade
balance, and competitive index... The planet, he insists, is perpetually fruitful and still underutilized" (24). The economist is merely thinking in the way
that he has been taught to think; he is logically managing his immediate goals, but he is failing to utilize critical thinking to fully grasp the issue at
hand. Waiting until global warming is a more immediate threat and assuming that the damage will be stoppable or treatable at that point are concepts
that fail to take the immense risk into consideration. The

Essay about Beyond the Climate Crisis
Beyond the Climate Crisis
It's not secret that the human race is harming the planet. People cut down forests, release toxic gases into the air, and dump pollutants into the
waterways. It's a way of life and some of these activities are actually necessary to carry on civilized life. Nevertheless, there are ways to reduce
harmful effects on the planet, and the human race is actually making progress in reducing emissions and replacing the trees that are constantly cut
down. However, not all options are being pursued. Reasons for this go beyond the general skepticism of global warming and the like. There is both
economic and political favorability in environmental negligence, and behind every one of these reasons, one simple truth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is a photograph of a factory in the outskirts of Beijing. Unfortunately, this is where many of the blue collar factory workers also live, so they
are exposed to the toxic smoke almost 24 hours a day. Not only the blue collar workers are affected; about one percent of the Beijing population
actually lives in areas that have "clean air" according to a standard set by the European Union (Kahn). The photographer who took this picture chose
the right subjects. One of the silhouettes appears to be coughing, and in a more gruesome gallery, Lu Guang documents people that have been
affected by toxins, both in air and water, in a polluted China. These acute health risks are a problem for the Chinese residents, but the pollution poses
a long term threat to the entire world. China currently produces the most carbon emissions of any country in the world, just over 6 billion tons per
year (Each country's share). While this statistic may seem unimaginably big, so is the population of China. Per capita carbon emissions from china are
only about 5 tons per year, which is relatively low when compared to almost 20 tons per capita for the United States (Each country's share). Another
unbelievable statistic is that the entire European Union combined produces almost two billion tons less carbon dioxide than the United States. The
population of the European Union is also 180 million more. The GDP (total amount of products

The Subject And Objectives Of Operation Caream
The Subject and Objectives of Operation CAREAM The world is filled with a million billion solid and liquid micro particles. These particles are
known as Aerosols. Aerosols can be found in every single place imaginable, from the oceans to the mountains to the Arctic. They drift in the Earth's
atmosphere and can be as small as a few nanometer to several micrometers. While they may seem small, they have a very large impact upon the Earth
and human health in general. Sources that form aerosols include smoke. Ash, and soot, making 90% of their origination from natural sources such as
Volcanoes. However, since the start of the industrial age in the late 18th century, manufacturing factory plants produce the remaining 10% of aerosol in
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding this particular phenomenon will help scientists have a deeper knowledge on the changing Earth climate, specifically in the Arctic region.
Mission Type of Operation CAREAM
Operation CAREAM is an Airborne–Earth based mission. Although it was designed to help NASA workers develop a space–Earth based mission,
using satellites that can gather the same amount of data as a an aircraft within the inner layers of the Earth's atmosphere, Operation CAREAM uses an
aircraft to conduct its mission and achieve its goal. The main platform utilized in the mission is a C–130H Hercules, launched from Wallops Flight
Facility, Virginia (Craig, 2016). The mission type of Operation CAREAM is the same as CARVE and DISCOVER
–AQ, since both were
Airborne–Earth based missions (Jensen, n/a). Since the C–130H Hercules aircraft will conduct its research within the stratosphere and below, Operation
CAREAM is an Airborne–Earth based mission.
Operation CAREAM's Benefits and Uses The potential of Operation CAREAM can have world–changing effects on the Earth and the people in it. The
information gathered from this mission can be used by many. It also has many beneficial components to it. One of the major organizations that will use
the information gathered in this mission is the IPCC, or Integral Panel on Climate Change. It was established by the UNEP, or United Nation
Environment Programme and WMO, World Meteorological Organization in 1988 to provide a

Botkin and Gore Argument on Global Warming Essay
Daniel Botkin and Al Gore have very different views on the issues of global warming. Botkin contends that the scare tactics used by Gore and many
similar thinking environmentalists are simply a desperate means intended to alarm the public and force governments to take actions that are
unnecessary and misdirected. Gore alleges that immediate action is necessary to avoid increases in the plant and animal extinction and the spread of
diseases. Botkin admits that global warming is a fact, but as a scientist, he cannot agree on the severity and negative effects of the condition. While both
men present compelling different arguments for their views on global warming, Gore has seized the attention of the public laymen by writing books and
Gore uses these statistics to underscore the danger produced by hurricanes, and relates the severity of these storms to global warming. He continues to
cite related facts such as the need to rewrite textbooks to deal with climatic phenomena never before experienced and to include record breaking facts.
For example, in the summer before the book was published, two hundred cities in the U.S. broke all–time records. Others set records for consecutive
days of extraordinary heat. Mumbai, India received record amounts of rain–thirty–seven inches in on day. Melting glaciers, increases in the growth of
deserts, and increases in disease carrying insects also contribute to the grim facts of global warming. However, Gore does not just present the
problem. He issues the challenge for the scientific community to seek ways to solve the problem, but he points out that these measures must be
taken now. The problem is so severe that actions must be immediate in order to be effective. Comparing today's environmental problems to the
wartime challenges faced by the World War Two generation, Gore urges today's citizens and scientists to rise to the occasion and be willing to
sacrifice, if necessary, to solve the problems that society has created. Botkin assures his readers that evidence that global warming ill produce negative
effects on the planet is very weak. He too presents scientific data to support his

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