The ATP-ADP cycle is a fundamental process in bioenergetics where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and vice versa. This cycle is crucial in cellular energy transfer, storing energy in ATP and releasing it when needed by converting ATP to ADP and back through cellular respiration.

1. ATP-ADP CYCLE
Presented by:
Arboleda, Erica Mae F.
Parmann, Axl Ross B.
(The Cellular Energy Currency)

2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule
that serves as the primary energy currency of
cells. It's crucial because it stores and
transfers energy within cells to power various
biological processes.

3. ATP STRUCTURE
The molecular structure of ATP consists of an
adenosine molecule (adenine and ribose
sugar) linked to three phosphate groups.
These phosphate groups are the key to ATP's
energy storage and release.

4. ROLE OF ATP
ATP has diverse functions in cells. In muscle
contraction, it provides energy for the contractile
proteins. In active transport, it powers the
movement of ions and molecules across cell
membranes. In chemical work, ATP drives
biochemical reactions by providing energy for
synthesis or breaking of molecules.

5. ADP FORMATION
ATP is converted to ADP (adenosine
diphosphate) by breaking one of its
phosphate bonds, releasing energy in the
process. This energy is used to perform
cellular work.

6. ATP SYNTHESIS
ATP synthesis occurs primarily through
cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In
cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to
produce ATP. In photosynthesis, light energy
is converted into ATP.

7. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration generates ATP by
breaking down glucose in a series of
metabolic reactions. It involves glycolysis,
the citric acid cycle, and the electron
transport chain.

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis in plant cells produces ATP
through the light-dependent reactions,
which capture light energy and convert it
into chemical energy stored in ATP and
ADP.

9. Importance of the ATP-ADP Cycle
The cycle of ATP production and utilization is vital
for sustaining life. It ensures that cells have a
constant supply of energy to perform essential
functions, and it is central to powering cellular
activities in organisms, from simple bacteria to
complex multicellular organisms like plants and
animals.