1. The document discusses stormwater best management practices (BMPs) implemented at the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet site in California to address exceedances of copper and other metals in stormwater discharges. 2. Monitoring found high levels of copper leaching from the ablative paint coating on an underwater anchor (SALM) used for fueling operations. 3. Custom BMPs were designed using filter bags and socks containing modified zeolites, which were found to remove over 80% of copper in column tests. Wet season monitoring was planned to evaluate BMP performance and longevity. 4. The innovative approach of investigating pollution sources and developing customized BMPs could be applied to other facilities' industrial stormwater

1. Copper Source Tracking Using X-Ray Fluorescence and Design of Custom Stormwater BMPs
Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet, California
StormCon Portland, OR August 6, 2014
Ryan Janoch, PE David Elias, CEG, CHG
Mapistry California Water Board

2. Overview
•Site History/Stormwater Background
•Site Specific Target Concentrations
•Exceedance Investigation
•Custom BMPs
•Applications

3. Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet
▪Aka “Mothball Fleet” or “Ghost Fleet”
▪Benicia, California
▪Operated by US DOT Maritime Administration (MARAD)
▪Retention and non-retention vessels (USCG, Navy, MARAD)

4. Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet
4

5. Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet
5

6. Conditions in 2006
6

7. Water Quality Concerns
•Discharge of metals during in-water hull cleaning
•Metals accumulation in sediments
•Metals discharge from exfoliated paint and metals in stormwater
7

8. Enrollment in the California Industrial Stormwater Permit
8

9. Sweeping/Vacuuming
9

10. Data were Collected
•Before: original condition
•After sweeping
•After both sweeping and hydroblasting
10

11. Questions asked
1.Does sweeping work?
2.Does hydroblasting work?
3.Sweeping vs. Hydroblasting?
4.Realistic target concentrations?
11

12. Original Conditions
Collected from October 2009 to April 2010, total metals
Results in μg/L Average Maximum Target
Copper 77 520 63.6, 3.1
Lead 125 1,200 81.6, 2.5
Zinc 2,079 12,000 117, 81

13. Post Sweeping
Collected from Dec. 2010 through March 2011
Results in μg/L Average Maximum
Copper 28 (down 64%) 110
Lead 24 (down 81%) 210
Zinc 1099 (down 48%) 5,300

14. Roanoke
Results in μg/L Start Sweep Hydroblast
Copper 97 14 (86 %) ND (100 %)
Lead 6.6 0.5 (93 %) ND (100 %)
Zinc 1,700 370 (79 %) ND (100 %)

15. Setting Target Concentrations
Step 1 results Average (μg/L) Maximum (μg/L)
Copper 37 210
Lead Total 23 290
Zinc Total 499 3,500
Step 2 targets New (μg/L) Old (μg/L)
Copper 210 63.6, 3.1
Lead 290 81.6, 2.5
Zinc 3,500 117, 81

16. Response to Site Specific Target Concentrations

17. Site Specific Target Concentrations
•Copper 210 ug/L
•Lead 290 ug/L
•Nickel 31 ug/L
•Zinc 3,500 ug/L

18. Exceedance
▪Mt. Washington
▪November 2012 sampling event
▪Total Copper 3,000 ug/L
▪Dissolved Copper 2,600 ug/L

19. Mt. Washington Historical Data
Target (ug/L)
Sampling Results (ug/L)
Mar-14 2011
Mar-13 2012
Oct-22 2012
Nov-28 2012
210
1,100
2,800
2,900
3,000

20. Current BMPs
▪Non-Structural Controls
▪Sweeping
▪Structural Controls
▪Coconut mats
▪Perlite wattle
▪Walnut shell wattle
▪Oil adsorbents
▪Scupper screens
▪Focus
▪Solids
▪Petroleum
▪Metals

21. Investigation
▪Potential sources:
grease, lubricants
▪Screening using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

22. XRF - Field Screening Tool
Commonly used for:
▪Metals in soils
▪Lead paint in toys
▪Contaminated dry wall (strontium)

23. Results
▪19 surfaces screened
▪Equipment and superstructure surfaces (non-detect to 10,000 ppm)
▪Elevated levels on SALM

24. SALM
▪Single Anchor Leg Mooring
▪Underwater anchor for fueling operations
▪Allows for fueling in higher seas
▪Mt. Washington is off-shore fueling tanker
▪SALM is 55’ by 140’
▪Mt. Washington is 100’ by 700’

25. SALM Copper Leaching
▪Ablative paint coating
▪Confirm leaching
▪Distilled water on SALM surface
▪640 ug/L dissolved copper

26. Options
▪Source Control
▪Re-paint
▪Cover (shrink wrap)
▪Treatment
▪BMPs
▪Existing
▪Considerations
▪Environment
▪Costs
▪Human health
▪Applicability
▪Feasibility
▪Scraping schedule

27. Column Test
Modified zeolites Dissolved Copper Influent 640 ug/L Effluent <100 ug/L >80% removal rate

28. Customized BMPs
▪Two media types for metal removal
▪Two configurations
▪Filter bags
▪Filter socks
▪Check dams and over
scupper drains

29. Planned Wet Season Monitoring
▪Hydraulics
▪Treatment Performance
▪Maintenance/longevity
▪Deployment
Major Source Control
▪Mt. Washington scrapped prior to wet season

30. Similar Approach
Petroleum Exceedances
▪Source Investigation
▪Custom BMPs
▪Wet Season Monitoring

31. Custom BMPs

32. Wet Season Monitoring

33. Program Highlights
•Site specific target concentrations
•Regular monitoring of stormwater discharges
•Routine inspection, sweeping, and BMP replacement
•Aggressive exceedance investigations
•Innovative BMP implementation

34. Applications
▪Facilities’ Industrial stormwater permits
▪Pollutant source tracking

35. Closing
Acknowledgements
Bryan Vogel, Erick Lawlor, and Joe Pecoraro (MARAD)
Andrea Brown (Terraphase Engineering)
Mike Dieckhaus (Tetra Tech)

36. Questions?
Ryan Janoch
Mapistry
ryan@mapistry.com
David Elias
California Water Board
delias@waterboards.ca.gov