presentation on planning

1. A PRESENTATION ON PLANNING
PRESENTED BY ASSIGNED BY
CHINMAYEE DASH DR. DASHRATHI SAHU
SUMAN KUMAR SINGH
ADARSH NEGI
SURAJEET PRATAP CHOUDHURY

2. Some people viewed planning as a basic human activity; planning is done at
everyday level of the society by everybody: the carpenter is planning as he
raises his hammer to hit the nail, the business man/woman is planning as
he/she is listening to the morning weather reports in order to decide
whether or not to carry umbrella. A taxi driver is planning as he decides on
which direction to follow to pick up passengers on different roads. Here
planning is seen as an activity under taken by every individual. This reflects
the ability of man to engage to some extent in the shaping of his future and
belief that it is desirable to do so.

3. WHAT IS PLANNING?
• “Planning is the thinking process, the organized foresight, the
vision based on fact and experience that is required for intelligent
action.” Alford and Beatt
• “Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. When a
manager plans, he projects a course of action for further
attempting to achieve a consistent co-ordinate structure of
operations aimed at the desired results.” Theo Haimann
• “Planning is fundamentally choosing and a planning problem arises
when an alternative course of action is discovered.” Billy E. Goetz
• “Planning is an intellectual process, conscious determination of
course of action, the basing of decision on purpose, facts and
considered estimates.” Koontz and O’ Donnell

4. NATURE
• 1. Planning is primary function of
management
• 2. Planning focuses on objectives
• 3. Planning is a function of all managers
• 4. Planning as an intellectual process
• 5. Planning as a continuous process
• 6. Planning is dynamic (flexible)
• 7. Planning secures efficiency, economy
and accuracy
• 8. Planning involves forecasting
• 9. Planning and linking factors
• 10. Planning is realistic

5. TYPES OF PLANNING

6. STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic plans are designed with the entire
organization in mind and begin with an organization's
mission.
Top-level managers, such as CEOs or presidents, will
design and execute strategic plans to paint a picture of
the desired future and long-term goals of the
organization.
strategic plans look ahead to where the organization
wants to be in three, five, even ten years.
Strategic plans, provided by top-level managers, serve
as the framework for lower-level planning.

7. TACTICAL PLANNING
Tactical planning takes a company's strategic plan and
sets forth specific short-term actions and plans, usually
by company department or function.
The tactical planning horizon is shorter than the
strategic plan horizon.
If the strategic plan is for five years, tactical plans
might be for a period of one to three years, or even
less, depending on what kind of market the business
serves and the pace of change.

8. OPERATIONAL PLANNING
• An operational plan draws directly from agency and program strategic
plans to describe agency and program missions and goals, program
objectives, and program activities. An operational plan addresses four
questions:
Where are we now?
Where do we want to be?
How do we get there?
How do we measure our progress?
• The operations plan is both the first and the last step in preparing an
operating budget request.
• As the first step, the operations plan provides a plan for resource
allocation; as the last step, the OP may be modified to reflect policy
decisions or financial changes made during the budget development
process.

9. CONTIGENCY PLAN
A contingency plan is a course of action designed to help an organization
respond effectively to a significant future event or situation that may or
may not happen.
A contingency plan is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it can be
also used as an alternative for action if expected results fail to materialize.
• 1. Develop the contingency planning policy
• 2. Conduct the business impact analysis
• 3. Identify preventive controls.
• 4. Create contingency strategies.
• 5. Develop an information system contingency plan.
• 6. Ensure plan testing, training and exercises.
• 7. Ensure plan maintenance.
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/contingency-plan

10. STEPS OF PLANNING

11. OBJECTIVES
• What are objectives?
Objectives are the stepping stones towards achieving a program goal.
Objectives are concise, specific statements which indicate what you are
seeking to change and why, in what target group, by how much and by
when.
• Why are clear objectives important?
Clear objectives are important to determine whether your program is
achieving what it set out to do. It is also important to write program
objectives as specifically as possible to provide program clarity and
strong links to evaluation. It is much easier to evaluate a program when
clear objectives have been developed.

12. ESSENTIAL OBJECTIVES
• To bring certainty in future events
• To provide specific directions
• Forecasting
• To bring economy in managerial operations
• To attain pre-determined goals
• To get victory over competitions