The document discusses the Zika virus. It was discovered in 1947 and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms are mild fever and rash. Infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for microcephaly in babies. There is no vaccine or treatment, only symptom management. The virus spread rapidly in the Americas in 2015. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito populations and avoiding bites during outbreaks. Diagnosis involves virus detection or antibody testing.

1. 1
Dr.MANI SMK
16/06/2016

2. 2
The virus was named after the region where it was found in
the Zika Forest of Uganda — in 1947
What is Zika?why it is called as Zika
16/06/2016

3. 3
The Zika virus belongs
to Flaviviridae
Zika virus is enveloped and
has a nonsegmented, single-
stranded,
positive-
sense RNA genome.
Cross-section of Zika virus, with
capsid layer (pink),
membrane layer (purple),
and RNA genome (yellow)[2
16/06/2016

4.  Low-grade fever (between 37.8°C and 38.5°C)
arthralgia, notably of small joints of hands and
feet, with possible swollen joints
 Myalgia
 Headache, retro-ocular headaches
 Conjunctivitis
 Cutaneous maculopapular rash
 Post-infection asthenia which seems to be
frequent
4
What are the Symptoms ?
About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika).
16/06/2016

5. Those infected with Zika during pregnancy appear to be
able to transmit the virus to their fetuses. In some cases,
this may lead to microcephaly, a terrible congenital
condition that's associated with a small head and
incomplete brain development. Babies born with
microcephaly have a limited life expectancy and poor
brain function.
5
Symptoms
16/06/2016

6. Dr. Angela Rocha, pediatric infectologist at Oswaldo Cruz Hospital,
examines Ludmilla Hadassa Dias de Vasconcelos (two months old),
who has microcephaly, on January 26, 2016 in Recife, Brazil.

7. • Aedes aegypti mosquito, carrier of
the Zika virus which might cause
microcephaly and Guillain-Barré
syndrome, a condition that causes
the immune system to attack one’s
own nerves.
716/06/2016

8. 8
Guillain–Barre syndrome
GBS is a rare disorder where a person’s own immune system damages the nerve
cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes, paralysis. These symptoms can last
a few weeks or several months. While most people fully recover from GBS, some
people have permanent damage and in rare cases, people have died.
16/06/2016

9. 9
Three years ago, the Zika virus was nowhere to be found
in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly
found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika
outbreak — with more than a million people infected by
the mosquito-transmitted disease
16/06/2016

10. Mosquito Bites: Aedes species mosquito
(A. aegypti, and arboreal mosquitoes such as A. africanus, A. apicoargenteus,
A. furcifer, A. hensilli, A. luteocephalus, and A. vitattus)
10
Mode of TransmissionHow does it Spread?
Major Mode of Transmission
Mosquito Bites
Minor Mode of Transmission
From Mother to Baby
Blood transfusion & Sexual contact
16/06/2016

11. From Mother to Child:
11
 A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of delivery
can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time of birth, but
this is rare.
 In 2015, Zika virus RNA was detected in the amniotic fluid of two
fetuses, indicating that it had crossed the placenta and could cause
a mother-to-child infection
 It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from mother to fetus
during pregnancy. This mode of transmission is being investigated.
 To date, there are no reports of infants getting Zika virus through
breastfeeding. Because of the benefits of breastfeeding, mothers
are encouraged to breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is
found
Minor Modes

12. Pregnant woman Angelica Prato, infected by the Zika virus, is attended
at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital in Cucuta, Colombia, on January
25, 2016.

13. 13
Prevention & Control
16/06/2016

14. 1416/06/2016

15. 15
Some Countries Are Employing Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Fight the
Virus
Sterile male Aedes mosquitoes could reduce the population, CNN reported.
Some worry that this could have an unknown effect on the environment
A genetically modified version can
be used to cut down the mosquito
population and reduce the Zika
risk.
16/06/2016

16. 16
Diagnosis
 It is difficult to diagnose Zika virus infection based on clinical signs and
symptoms alone due to overlaps with other arboviruses that are endemic
to similar areas.
 The symptoms of Zika are similar to those of dengue and chikungunya,
diseases spread through the same mosquitoes that transmit Zika.
 RT-PCR testing be done on serum collected within 1 to 3 days of symptom
onset or on saliva or urine samples collected during the first 3 to 5 days.
 Later on detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies can be used.
Zika antibodies cross-react with antibodies to dengue which is very widespread
16/06/2016

17. • No vaccine or medications are available to prevent or
treat Zika infections.
• Treat the symptoms:
– Get plenty of rest
– Drink fluids to prevent dehydration
– Take medicines, such as acetaminophen or
paracetamol, to relieve fever and pain
• If you have Zika, avoid mosquito bites for the first
week of your illness.
– During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be
found in the blood and passed from an infected
person to another through mosquito bites.
17
Treatment
16/06/2016

18. 18
What is the difference between Zika, dengue, and
chikungunya?
All of these viruses cause similar symptoms, but certain
symptoms suggest one disease or another.
 Most Zika patients have skin rashes;
 Most dengue patients have a higher fever and more
severe muscle pain;
 Most chikungunya patients have a higher fever and
more intense joint pain in the hands, feet, knees, and
back
16/06/2016

19. 19
16/06/2016

20. 20
16/06/2016

21. 21

22. 22
Reference:
WHO Guidelines :
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
National Guidelines for Zika Virus disease :
http://www.mohfw.nic.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=5794&lid=3704
Thank You ..16/06/2016