this slide is prepared by health care student in ethiopia At haramaya university College of health and medical science That can give you good knowledge and how to care for patient who came with zika virus prevention and control. Haramaya university Prepared by Ruach Biel Reath

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The group members
Name Id no
1 Ayub Abdulmelik …………….1613/11
2 Ruach Biel Reath …………….0019/11
3 Yerosen fita…………………..1643/11
4 Hana Emiru………………..1624/11
5 Abenezer Gashaw…………….1609/11
6 Dawit Andualem……………1618/11
7 Adugna Guyasa…………….1611/11

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Objective
 Describes the epidemiology
 Clinical manifestation, management
 Prevention control
 Discuss the diagnostic test of zika virus

4. Introduction
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Zika
1 Zika Virus Infection Is A Mild Febrile Viral Illness Transmitted
By Mosquitoes. The Zika Virus
2 Is A Member Of The Flavivirus Genus In The Family
Flaviviridae.
3 It is related to dengue, yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese
encephalitis, viruses that are
4 also members of the virus family Flaviviridae..
5 It was discovered in the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947.
6 The Zika virus' incubation period is about 3 to 12 days after
the bite of an infected mosquito.

5. Epidemiology
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 The very first known case of Zika
fever was in a rhesus monkey in the
Zika Forest in Uganda in 1947.
 The first human cases were reported
in Nigeria in 1954. A few outbreaks have
been
reported in tropical Africa and in some
areas in Southeast Asia.
 The first major outbreak, with 185
confirmed cases, was reported in 2007
in the Yap
Islands of the Federated States of
Micronesia

6. Transmission of zika virus
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1 Through mosquito bites
 Zika virus is transmitted to people
primarily through the bite of an infected
Aedes species
mosquito (A. aegypti and A. albopictus).
 Mosquitoes become infected when they
feed on a person already infected with the
virus. Infected
 mosquitoes can then spread the virus to
other people through bites
 Mosquitoes that spread chikungunya,
dengue, and Zika are aggressive daytime
biters and They can also bite at night

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 The emergence of Zika virus in South America led to a rapid spread
throughout South and
 Central America, reaching Mexico in November 2015.
 It has appeared sporadically in travellers to the United States and
Europe.
 Because of the "growing evidence of a link between Zika and
microcephaly" the CDC
 issued a travel alert on January 15, 2016 advising pregnant women to
consider
 postponing travel to the following countries and territories: Brazil,
Colombia, El
 Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique,
Mexico, Panama,

8. 2 From mother to child
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 A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of
delivery can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time
of birth.
 It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from a mother to
her baby during pregnancy

9. 3 Through sexual contact:
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 Zika Virus Is Transmitted To The People Through Sexual Activity
 Dallas County Health And Human Services (DCHHS) Has Received
Confirmation From The Centers For Disease Control And Prevention
(CDC) Of The First Zika Virus Case Acquired Through Sexual
Transmission In Dallas County In 2016
 The Patient Was Infected With The Virus After Having Sexual Contact
With An Ill Individual Who Returned From Venezuela,a Country Where
Zika Virus Is Present

10. Clinical manifestation
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1 Low-grade fever (between 37.8°C and
38.5°C)
2 Arthralgia, notably of small joints of
hands and feet, with possible swollen
joints
3 Myalgia
4 Headache, retro-ocular headaches
5 Conjunctivitis Cutaneous
maculopapular rash
6 Post-infection asthenia which seems
to be frequent.
7 More rarely observed symptoms
include
8 Digestive problems
9 Abdominal pain
10 Diarrhea
11 Constipation mucous membrane
12 Ulcerations

11. Risk of zika during pregnancy
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 According to pediatric neurologists
in Brazil that some pregnant women
infected by zika
 virus have given birth to the babies
with a birth defect called microcephaly
 Microcephaly, which comes from the
Greek words for small head is a broad
term used to
 describe a smaller-than-average
head circumference in babies (at least
two standard deviations below the
mean for his or her sex and age). It can
be caused by a wide range of things,
from diseases to malnutrition.

12. Diagnosis
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1) IgM, IgG and PCR for Zika virus.
2) acute serum (taken within 5 days of symptom onset) and
convalescent serum (2–3 weeks later) should be taken. The
two samples are important to rule out false positive tests due
to cross reactivity with similar viruses such as Dengue.
3) Provide overseas travel details and clinical history including
the onset day and patient’s DHB. Onset date is extremely
important to ensure that the most appropriate test is
performed.

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14. Precaution & prevention
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 Prevention involves reducing mosquito populations and avoiding
bites, which occurmainly during the day. Eliminating and controlling
Aedes aegypti mosquito breeding sites reduces the chances that Zika
will be transmitted. An integrated response is required, involving
action in several areas, including health, education, and the
environment.
 To eliminate and control the mosquito, it is recommended to:
 Avoid allowing standing water in outdoor containers (flower pots,
bottles, and
 containers that collect water) so that they do not become mosquito
breeding sites.
 Cover domestic water tanks so that mosquitoes cannot get in.
 Avoid accumulating garbage: Put it in closed plastic bags and keep it

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 Use screens and mosquito nets in windows and doors to
reduce contact between mosquitoes and people
 To prevent mosquito bites, it is recommended that people who
live in areas where there are cases of the disease, as well as
travelers and, especially, pregnant women should
 Cover exposed skin with long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and hats
 Sleep under mosquito nets.
 People with symptoms of Zika, dengue, or chikungunya should
visit a health center

16. Treatment
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 There is no commercial vaccine or
specific antiviral drug treatment for Zika
virus
infection.
 Treatment is directed primarily at
relieving symptoms using anti-pyretics
and analgesics

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