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Please answer everything andd show all steps please and thank you. I just don\'t have enough time with 4 midterms Biology 2007 Mini-quiz 4 1. A group of Biology 207 students was interested in determining if two compounds found in sunscreen (PABA and oxybenzone) are mutagenic. They tested this by exposing yeast cells that were auxotrophic for methionine to increasing concentrations of PABA, oxybenzone, EMS and toothpaste. The students used toothpaste as a control because they assumed it was neither mutagenic nor toxic. They used EMS because it is known to be mutagenic. They plated 0.1ml from a 10 dilution of the original culture onto YEPD plates. They plated 0.1ml of a 10- 1 dilution onto YM plates. The results from their experiment are shown below 450 400 350 o 300 250 200 150 100 50 100 60 80 120 Concentration (mM) toothpaste PABA oxybenzone --EMs Figure 1. The growth response of metA S.cerevisiae cells in response to exposure to different concentrations of toothpaste, PABA, oxybenzone and EMS on YEPD media Solution A: Ans: The concentration of the original culture can be calaculated by the formula CFU/mL (Concentration) = (No. of Colonies * dilution factor) / Volume of culture plated. From the first graph we can see that the Yeast cells have grown well in YEPD medium. No of colonies = 400. The diultion factor = 10 7 Volume of culture plated = 0.1 mL Therefore CFU/mL = 400*10 7 / 0.1 = 4 * 1010 CFU/mL B) Ans: The frequencey of sponatneous reversion = No of spontaneous reversions observed / Total no of cells in population. Sponatneous reversion was opbserved when cells are grown in YM medium. No of sponatenous reversion for EMS = (20+100+50) = 170 No of sponatneous reversion for Oxy benzene = (30+65+20) = 115 Mutant freuquency for EMS = 170/ 4 x1010 = 425 x 109 reversions / cell division Muatnt frequency fpr Oxy benzene = 115 / 4 x 1010 = 287 x 109 reversions / cell division c) Ans: The proportion of survivals of PABA and EMS in YEPD medium is From first graph PABA: EMS = 350:175 = 2:1 The proportion of survival of PABA and EMS in YM medium is From second graph PABA :EMS = 5:100 = 1:20.

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Create a JAVA program that performs file IO and database interaction.pdf

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Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway by the mid-20th century. Three wolves migrated from Russia and founded a new Scandinavian wolf population in the early 1980s. That population now consists of approximately 100 animals. How large do you think the Scandinavian wolf population should be to maintain genetic variation that may be important for the viability (continued persistence) and continued evolution of this population? There is some possibility of gene flow into this population from Russian wolves. Do you think that it is important that gene flow between the Scandinavian and the Russian populations be maintained in the future? Why? Solution There is no cut-off formula for calculating the length of population to maintain genetic diversity. It is important to note that even after bottleneck effect populations are able to survive and are able to maintain genetic diversity. Here, there are 100 animals; and these 100 animals are heterozygous, not pure lines; because they have already mixed up with the Scandinavian population. So, the population is large enough to maintain genetic variation. Yes, there is further possibility of mixing of this population with Russian wolves further also; but that possibility is very rare. This is so because wolves have already been extinct over there; as per the question. No, it is no more compulsion for gene flow between the two populations. This is so because the populations have already diverged. And a subsequent amount of genetic variability has been attained..

Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway b.pdf

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Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG. Solution All the three mentioned are encryption method and stands for PGP - Pretty Good Privacy, GPG(GNU Privacy Guard) The difference between three could be below: Availability in market - PGP is a licensed product whereas OpenPGP and GPG are freewares. Functionality - PGP is a encyrption method that uses hashing,compression, cyrptography concepts, OpenPgP is an encryption method which uses processes that are interoperatable with PGP and GPG is a encryption method which provides a graphical inerface to encrypt files..

Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG.Solution.pdf

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Declaring a Pointer To define a pointer, use an asterisk, (*), in the declaration to specify the variable will be a pointer to the specified data type. Recall that the name of an array holds the memory address of the first element of the array. The second statement then would store the memory address of the first value in the variable valuePtr. The name of a pointer is an identifier and must follow the rules for defining an identifier. Some programmers place the letters ptr, a common abbreviation for pointer, at the end of the variable name, others prefix a pointer with p_ or ptr_, and there are those who do nothing to distinguish a pointer by its name. The naming of a pointer variable is a matter of programming style. Once a pointer has been declared and initialized, it can be used to access the data to which it points. In order to access this value, the dereference operator, *, must be used to prefix the name of the pointer. From the code above, valuePtr holds the address of the first element of the values array; therefore, *valuePtr will access the value 325. Add the following to main and execute the program. The output generated should look something like the following. Where 0xbfad43e8 is a memory address displayed in hexadecimal. Obtaining the Memory Address of a Variable The address operator, &, is used to determine the memory address of a variable that is not an array. Add code necessary to use fixed and setprecision, then add the following to main and run the program to confirm the use of the address operator. Using a Pointer to Alter Data Just as the dereference operator is used to retrieve data, so too is it used to store data. Add the following to function main and run the program. The pointer, ratePtr, is used to change the data stored in payRate. The output of payRate confirms the change. Using a Pointer in an Expression As previously shown, the value pointed to by a pointer variable can be retrieved by dereferencing the pointer. In the above code, the retrieved value was simply displayed to the screen; however, it can also be used in an expression. Add the following to main and execute the program. Pointer Arithmetic It is possible to add to or subtract from a memory address stored in a pointer. These actions can be accomplished using the addition operator,+, subtraction operator, - and the increment and decrement operators, ++ and --. This is helpful when accessing arrays via pointers. The increment operator has been used to add the value 1 to a variable. When used with a pointer, the increment operator adds the size of the data referenced to the memory address stored in the pointer, effectively moving the pointer to the next data value. Building on the code from above, add the following to main and execute the program. We initialized valuePtr to the memory address of the first element of the array values. Incrementing valuePtr instructs the computer to add four bytes, the size of an integer, to the memory addressed stored in .

Declaring a PointerTo define a pointer, use an asterisk, (), in t.pdf

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Who identified three key economic “advantages” that firms should hav.pdf

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Which of these is the largesta. The surface zoneb. The mixed la.pdf

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Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus major and the island of Vlieland? Gene flow reduces the genetic differences between populations. Gene flow can affect how well populations are adapted to local environmental conditions. Genetic drift is significant in small populations. Genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations. Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale. Solution ANS: E. Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale. Explanation: Ex: the great tit (Parus major) on the Dutch island of Vlieland. In Parus major high immigrated central region birds have a lower fitness, when compare with the low immigration birds which are present in east. This phenomenon clearly explains low immigrated birds had higher fitness. Definitions of Other Terminology: Darwin\'s fitness: It is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment. Fitness of an organism is measured by how many offspring it produces compared to other individuals of a species. Adaptation refers to the trait that increases organism fitness relative to individuals without the trait. Genetic drift: It is random and happens in every population due to chance. Because of this smaller population are more susceptible to the effect of genetic drift. Gene pool: Gene pool is a reservoir of all genes, which was present in a population. Gene pool corresponds with a number of unique alleles present in a population..

Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus .pdf

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You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the main to test the functions, but this programwill work as a starting point. //********** Function Prototypes ****************** //function isPrime //input parameter - positive integer greater than 1 //returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false // bool isPrime (int number); //function findPrimes //input parameter - positive integer //Uses the isPrime method to print a list of prime numbers between 1 and n. void findPrimes (int n); //function findFibo //input parameter - positive integer //returns the nth fibonacci number where //Fib(0) -> 0 //Fib(1) -> 1 //Fib(N) -> Fib(N-2) + Fib(N-1) //Note: You must use a loop in your solution. Also, if passed a 0, return 0. int findFibo (int n); //function findFactors //input parameter - positive integer //prints the prime factors of the given number to standard output (cout) //example output: 52=2*2*13 (or 52=1*2*2*13) or 13=prime //Hint: You will need nested loops for your solution. void findFactors (int number); Solution #include #include using namespace std; //********** Function Prototypes ****************** //function isPrime //input parameter - positive integer greater than 1 //returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false // bool isPrime (int number); //function findPrimes //input parameter - positive integer //Uses the isPrime method to print a list of prime numbers between 1 and n. void findPrimes (int n); //function findFibo //input parameter - positive integer //returns the nth fibonacci number where //Fib(0) -> 0 //Fib(1) -> 1 //Fib(N) -> Fib(N-2) + Fib(N-1) //Note: You must use a loop in your solution. Also, if passed a 0, return 0. int findFibo (int n); //function findFactors //input parameter - positive integer //prints the prime factors of the given number to standard output (cout) //example output: 52=2*2*13 (or 52=1*2*2*13) or 13=prime //Hint: You will need nested loops for your solution. void findFactors (int number); //****************** MAIN ***************************** int main () { int testNum; //test for the isPrime function cout << \"Enter a test number - \"; cin >> testNum; cout << endl; if (isPrime(testNum)) cout << testNum << \" is prime.\" << endl; else cout << testNum << \" is not prime.\" << endl; //test for how many primes cout << \"Enter n to print the prime numbers between 1 and n: \"; cin >> testNum; cout << endl; findPrimes(testNum); cout << endl; //test for Fibonacci number finder cout << \"Which Fibonacci number? \"; cin >> testNum; cout << endl; cout << \"The \" << testNum << \" Fibonacci number is : \" << findFibo(testNum) << endl; cout << endl; //test for prime factors cout << \"Factor what number: \"; cin >> testNum; cout << endl; findFactors(testNum); return 0; } //function isPrime //input parameter - positive integer greater than 1 //returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false // bool isPrime (int number) { int c, f = 0; if(number > 1) { for(c = 2; c < number; c++) { i.

You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the.pdf

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When Elvis swims with the current, he swims 18km in 2 hours. Against.pdf

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What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform? What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform? Solution Answer: The tarsal bone lateral to the medial cuneiform is themiddle cuneiform (or the intermediate cuneiform) . There are seven tarsal bones and they are the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms. Among the three cuneiforms, the medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest cuneiform bone. Lateral to the medial cuneiform is the middle cuneiform and its lateral surface is marked by an inverted L-shaped facet along the posterior and superior margins for the middle cuneiform bone..

What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform What tarsal is .pdf

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What is the definition of memory access time? A. The difference between read and write times B, the time required to store data in the memory array C. The time required to get valid output after a valid address is applied D none of thee above Also is read and times the same on typical computers the same or is one faster? Solution opptin B Memory access time is how long it takes for a character in memory to be transferred to or from the CPU.

What is the definition of memory access timeA. The difference bet.pdf

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