Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
GROUP DYNAMICS.ppt
1.
2. Introduction
With the origin of the complex societies there came into being
the different social groups that are significant for the human
or individual welfare
A group comes into being when there is need to achieve the
wants of the members. In the course of interaction the
members develop a group ideology which regulates their
attitudes/actions and influence their satisfaction
Human beings have to learn to function effectively in groups
Nurse has to create conducive atmosphere for group
interaction
In a group, all members influence each other and work
towards common goal
3. Definition
Group: It is a collection of people who interact with one
another, accept rights and obligations as members and
who share a common identity
Group: It refers to 2 or more individuals interacting and
interdependent who have come together to achieve
particular objective
Group dynamics: A study of forces operating within a
group
Group dynamics: It refers to changes which take place
within groups and is concerned with the interaction and
forces obtained between group members in social
settings
4. Need for joining group
Stability: People often join groups as it gives the members
a stability and enhances their achievement capacity
Security: Enables the person to reduce a sense of
insecurity and have stronger feeling with few self-doubts
and more resistant to threats
Self esteem: Help a person develop a sense of “to –
belong”, feelings of self- worth, develops confidence
Affiliation: Groups can fulfill social needs. People enjoy
the regular interaction that comes with the group
membership
5. Need for joining group
Status: Group members can be easily recognized and a
status is achieved by them is viewed as important &
provides recognition
Goal achievement: Goal can be achieved more easily when
a group effort is present
Power: Power is derived on the strength of closeness of the
group members with greater power achieved when in group
6. Characteristics of a group
Common goal
Reciprocal relationships
Sense of unity
Sense of belongingness
Common interest
Group norms
Degree of participation
Definite membership
Interdependence
Interaction
Communication
7. Types of groups
Formal vs. Informal group
Psychological vs. Social group
Primary vs. Secondary group
Membership vs. Reference group
Command vs. Task group
Interest vs. Friendship group
8. Formal vs. Informal group
Formal groups refer to those which are established under
the legal or formal authority with the view to achieve a
particular end result. The group is designated by the
organizational structure, having work assignments
establishing tasks (airline flight crew, health care team,
trade unions)
Informal groups refers to the aggregate of the personal
contacts/interaction and the network of relationships
among individuals
9. Differences: formal & informal group
Character Formal group Informal group
Origin Planned and relatively
stable
Spontaneous and dynamic
Relationship Job determines R/S
between org and
individual
Role determines
relationship
Goals To achieve profitability,
service to society
Satisfaction of members
Influence In form of authority,
attached to position
In form of power and to
satisfy member needs
Control
mechanism
Rules and policies Standard of behavior,
norms
Comm Slow, high accuracy,
moves through formal
channels
Marked speed, low
accuracy
10. Psychological vs. Social group
Psychological group: One in which the two or more persons who
are interdependent as each members nature influences every
other person, members share an ideology and have common
tasks. These include families, friendship circles, political clubs,
work, educational, religious, neighborhood, and recreational
groups
Social group: Integrated system of interrelated psychological
groups formed to accomplish a defined function or objective. A
political party with its many local political clubs , friendship
circles are the social organizations
11. Primary vs. Secondary group
• Primary groups is characterized by small size, face to
face interactions and intimacy among the members of
the group. The examples are family groups, pay groups
and neighborhood groups
• Secondary group is characterized by large size and
individuals identification with the values and beliefs
prevailing in them rather than actual interactions
(occupational associations, ethnic groups)
12. Membership vs. Reference
• Membership group is those where the individual
actually belongs
• Reference group is one in which they would like to
belong
13. Command vs. Task group
• Command group are formed by subordinates reporting
directly to the particular manager and are determined by
the formal organizational chart (an assistant regional
transport officer and his two transport supervisors form a
command group)
• Task groups are composed of people who work together to
perform a task. Its boundaries are not located within its
immediate hierarchical superior
14. Interest vs. Friendship group
Interest group involves people who come together to
accomplish a particular goal with which they are concerned
Office employees joining hands to go to vacation or get
vacation schedule changed form an interest group. This
includes people who may or may not be aligned to a common
command and may affiliate to attain a specific objective
Friendship group is formed by people having one or more
common features . These often develop because individual
members have 1 or more common characteristics (people
supporting same candidate)
15. Functions of a group
Formal organizational functions: These relates to basic mission
attainment by the organization. The group completes the work,
creates ideas and embraces all activities for which they are
accountable
Psychological Personal functions: The group formation facilitates
psychological functioning, satisfaction of the needs, outlet for
affiliation and helps in getting stability and enhancing the
achievements
Mixed or Multiple functions: The formal as well as informal both
kinds of roles are taken up by the members of the group. The formal
group can try to fulfill various psychological roles and leading to
increased loyalty, commitment and energy for effective attainment of
the administrative and organizational goals
16. Stages of group formation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oi6e_on6xVc
17. Stages of group formation
1. Forming: characterized by great deal of uncertainty about
group’s purpose, structure, leadership, members are
testing matters
1. Storming: members accept existence of group but resist
the constraints the group imposes on members. Conflict
on who will control the group
18. Stages of group formation
3. Norming: development of close relationships, strong
sense of group identity, group structure solidifies
4. Performing: structure is fully functional and accepted.
Member are performing the tasks
5. Adjourning: this is for temporary committees, teams,
task force. Members prepare for disbandment, winding
up activities
19. Group dynamics
GD is that division of social psychology that investigates the
formation and change in the structure and functions of the
psychological grouping of people into self-directing wholes
Refers to changes that take place within the group
GD is concerned with interrelation between group members in
a social situation, it is concerned with gaining knowledge
about group, how they develop, their effect on individual
members
It reveals how a group should be organized and conducted,
members participation and overall cooperation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUXdrl9
ch_Q
20. Concept of GD
Founded by Kurt Lewin in 1945 at the Massachusetts Institute,
USA
The underlying assumption was that the laws of the group
behavior can be established independently of the goals or
specific activities of group irrespective of the structure of the
group
GD is a technique of fostering the conciliation between
individuals and groups with an idea to formulate principles
which underlie group behavior, and devise principles of group
decisions and actions
21. Features of GD
Individuals interact and members are continuously changing and
adjusting relationship with respect to each other
Continuous change: introduction of the new members, leaders, rules,
norms
Rigidity/flexibility: If the members get along well there is smooth
sailing for the group and if there is conflict it leads to problems. A
rigid group may not change and lacks adaptability to change
Group organization: It leads to greater group effectiveness,
participation, cooperation and a constructive morale
It is a continuous process of restructuring, adjusting and readjusting
members to one another for the purpose of reducing the tensions ,
eliminating the conflicts and solving the problems which its members
have in common
22. Factors influencing group effectiveness/participation
Leadership style: any style appropriate according to group
and situation
Common ideology: all must agree to work towards
common ideology
Task completion: time target must be known to all
members to complete the task
Role behavior of group members: each member should
take on the group assigned role
23. Factors influencing group effectiveness/participation
Communication pattern among members: depends on
situation and leadership style
Feeling status of members: all members to feel good
while working together most of the time
Level of member satisfaction: all members feel they have
contributed and gained something in group activity
Familiarity
Physical and psychological atmosphere
24. Principles of GD
Sense of belongingness: members must have a strong sense
of belonging to the group
Cohesiveness: The more attraction members have, greater
influence on its members
The greater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of
the member in the eyes of the members, the grater influence
he would exercise on the theme
Implementing change in subparts
25. Principles of GD
Rationalize need for change
Reduce change related stress by bringing about
readjustments in the related parts
The groups arise and function owing to common motives
The groups survive by pacing the members into functional
hierarchy and facilitating the action towards the goal
26. Principles of GD
The intergroup relations, group organization, member
participation is essential for effectiveness of a group
Strong sense of belongingness VS stability
Cohesiveness VS influence
Prestige VS influence
Member participation in change process
27. Facilitating a group
A group cannot automatically function effectively, it needs to
be facilitated
Facilitation can be described as a conscious process of assisting
a group to successfully achieve its task while functioning as a
group. Facilitation can be performed by members themselves,
or with the help of an outsider
To facilitate effectively the facilitator needs to
- Understand what is happening within the group
- Be aware of his/her own personality
- Know how to facilitate
28. Conclusion
Groups operate on a common task and common attitudes
GD is concerned with the interaction between the group
members in a social situation
This is concerned with the gaining in the knowledge of the
group, how they develop and their effect on the individual
members and the organization in which they function
GD is essential to study since it helps to find how the
relationships are made within a group and how the forces act
within the group members in a social setting
This helps to recognize the formation of group and how a
group should be organized, lead and promoted