PPT ON KALISINDH THERMAL POWER PLANT

1. KALISINDH SUPER THERMAL POWER PLANT
NAME: MAHENDRA KUMAR MEENA
ROLL NO: 11/CHE/09
DURATION: 4 WEEKS
DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
JHALAWAR (RAJASTHAN
Practical Training Seminar
A
National iNstitute of Technology Durgapur

2. Kalisindh super thermal power project,rajasthan, rajya vidyut utpadan nigam ltd.(a gov. of
rajasthan undertaking) is situated on 2km away from the ega Highway between
jhalaraptan (Rajasthan) near village Undal.It is 12km from jhalawar town (District Head
Quarter) And approx. 95 kms from KOTA(divisional Head Quarter) Rajasthan
The project is under construction for 1200 MW In it’s stage -1 having 2 units each of
600MW (Sub cricital units) and likely to be commence the construction work in the year
2014
Kalisindh super thermal power project located near the kalisindh river. Thermal powe
station requires large quantity of water for formation of steam tubes.It also requires
water for cooling tower and for cooling of different accessories for generation of steam
fuel (coal) require it should be available form mines to power plant through
rail/ship/road
transportation. The near by station jhalawar city is only 8km from the power plant
transmission line the 400/200 kv GSS is near the power plant.Huge land also available in
the near area for ash disposal. These all factors make favour for site selection for power
plant at jhalawar city at present Ka.T.P.P. having 2 nos units for generation of 1200MW as
under
Stage1 2*600MW Date of C.O.D. for unit
INTRODUCTION OF KALISINDH THERMAL POWER PLANT

3. Stage2 2*660MW Proposed
The design of steam power station requires wide experience as the subsequent operation
and maintainance are greatly affected by it’s design. The most efficient design consist of
properaly sized component designed to operate safely and conveniently along with it’s
auxiliaries and installation
PROJECT SITE : Village-Undel, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania & Deveri of Tehsil Jhalarapatan, Distt.
Jhalawar
PROJECT LOCATION : The project site is about 12 km from NH-12, 2km from state highway and 8 km
from proposed Ramganj Mandi - Bhopal broad gauge rail line.
LAND AREA: 2230 Bigha/564 Hq. (1400 bigha/350 Hq. in I stage)
WATER SOURCE AND QUANTITY: : Dam on kalisindh river 3400 CuM/ Hrs.
FUEL SOURCE : Main Fuel- Coal from captive coal blocks (Paras east and kanta Basin in Chhatisgarh
state)
STACK HEIGHT: 275 Mtr
ESTIMATED REVISED COST : Rs.7723 Crores

4.  WATER:
The purest available from water vapour in atmosphere as rain ,show or produced by melting or ice.
This H2O reaching ground different type of gases from atmosphere like N2, and lesser extent carbon
dioxide.
Apart this H2o travels to various place and catches various organic matter suspended solid (macro size
sand, rite, slit etc.).
Colloidal micro size particles (0-100nm).
Dissolved forms alkaline salts, neutral salts and organic matter
Alkaline salts are mainly bicarbonates rarely carbonates and hydrates of Ca, Mg and Na
Neutral salts are sulphate chlorides, Nitrates of Ca, Mg and Na
WATER CONDITIONING IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS FOR PROCESS AND
BOILER USE:

5. • H2O TREATMENT:
The purpose of H2O treatment programme is to provide real exchanger
surface that are sufficiently intact and free of deposits, so that designed
specification are met at KSTPS. Suspended and soluble H2O impurities are
removed with the help of PAC( Poly Aluminium Chloride) while treatment of
organic impurities are removed with the help of raw H2O and circulating
cooling H2O is being carried out with the help of liquid chlorine
Pre-treatment of raw H2O
Filter H2O for softening and DM Plant
DM H2O for Boiler
NECESSITY OF WATER TREATMENT:
To avoid formation
To avoid corrosion
To control microbiological growth

6.  CLARIFICATION
 Remove all types of solid and large particle sediments oil, natural organic matter,
color etc.
 Consist of four steps:
 Coagulation-Flocculation
 Screening
 Sedimentation
 Filtration
• Medium screening ( Spacing 10 – 40 mm)
• Coarse screening ( Spacing > 40 mm)
• Coagulation – Flocculation removes suspended solids and colloidal
particles
• Screening protect downstream units form, easily separable objects

7. ION EXCHANGE:
Resins-acidic/basic radicals with ions fixed on them, exchanged with ions present in
H2O.
Theoretically removes 100% of salts, organics, viruses or bacteria.
2 types of resins-
Gel type (micro porous) micro porous or loosely cross-linked type
3 system of resign beds
.

Strong acid cation + strong base anion.
Strong acid cation + weak base anion + strong base anion.
Mixed bed Deionization
Ion exchange plant softens, removes heavy metals, and produces
demineralised H2O

8. • Water cooling:
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial
equipment. As opposed to air cooling, water is used as the heat conductor.
Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion
engines and large industrial facilities such as steam electric power
plants, hydroelectric generators, petroleum refineries and chemical
plants. Other uses include cooling the barrels of machine guns, cooling
of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; cooling
products from tanks or columns, and recently, cooling of various major
components inside high-end personal computers. The main mechanism for
water cooling is convective heat transfer
Cooling water is the water removing heat from a machine or system. Cooling
water may be recycled through a recirculating system or used in a single
pass once-through cooling (OTC) system.

9. Corrsion,scale deposition and fouling is major problem encountered in cooling water system.
The objective of cooling water treatment on
(1) prevention of scale deposition on heat exchanger surface
(2) prevention of organic growth and slimes on heat exchanger surface
(3) revention of mud deposition on heat exchanger surface
(4) control of organic in take culvert
(5)minimizing corrosion through out the cooling water system
Water is inexpensive and non-toxic. The advantages of using water cooling over air
cooling include water's higher specific heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity.
This allows water to transmit heat over greater distances with much less volumetric flow
and reduced temperature difference

10. TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEM:
1.Once through system
Once through system is used where the water will not be re-circulated. Water is cooled down to
fill a batch or spray over a product. Although most applications require the water to be re-
circulated but in some cases the water is used to clean a vegetable then discarded because you
don't want to re-circulated the dirty water on the clean vegetables. Typically food processers use
once through cooling. Each system is different processes range from 35F-70F water
(2)CLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEM:
Coolling water in closed recirculting system is completely within the system pipes and heat
exchanger.the heat absorbed from the plant process in generally dissipiated by air cooling.
Loss from the system is very less and little make up is required,Hence concentration of salt in the
water is very less.
As such in closed recirculating system deposition scale formation is not a problems,Major problem
may be corrosion which can be easily controlled by use of suitable inhibitor.

11. OPEN RECIRCULATING SYSTEM
The open recirculating system is often used in large thermal power station.The problem of deposit
formation corrosion and microbiological organism in other two system occur here in greater
dgress due to following process-
(1)Higher H2O temp. enhance corrosion and deposit formation.
(2)Cooling tower is a huge scrubber introducing microorganism dust dirt, in circulating water
which increase fouling and corrosion.
(3)Make water brings more scale forming and corrosion forming salts.
(4)Water is exposed to air allowing continued presence of oxygen which is responsible for
corrosion.

12. WATER LOSSES IN RECIRCULATION:
(1) EVAPORATING LOSS:
E is approx. 1% of the water circulated per 10 F drop temperature.
When H2O evaporates
(2)WINDAGE LOSS(W):
Small droplets of H2O carried away by wind since it carried salts along with it windage
loss actually have dilution effect in salt concentration of cooling water.
(3)BLEED OFF:
Bleed off (B) necessary to control maximum solid in cooling water. Bleed off also gives
dilution effect

13. D.M.PLANT:
Dissolved solids present in water is removed in DM Plant by ION exchange process and for
this ION exchange Resins are used.
ION EXCHANGE RESINS:
ION Exchange Resins are synthetic organic polymers. Most commonly used resins are
gel type polyserine resins. Acrylic-resins/macroporous/microporous resins are now
available in market.
CATION EXCHANGE RESINS:
Cation Exchange Resins are nothing but acid and can be simply represented us:
R-H+, where R is resin matrix, completely insoluble in water and only H+ is mobile in
water.
Cation resins are of two type. Strong Acids Cation Exchange Resins (SAC) and Weak Acid
Cation Exchange Resins (WAC).
SAC:
When the functional group attached to resins matrix is strong acid group. It is called Sac resins.
SAC can split all the salts and its performances is not influenced by pH of water. Operational
exchange capacity and regeneration efficiency of SAC is less than WAC.

14. WAC:
WAC can only split weak electrolyte (Carbonate and Bicarbonate).
It performs better with high pH water and with lower pH water its performance decreases and when
pH falls below 4 actually regeneration take place.
ANION EXCHANGE RESINS:
Anion resins can be simply represented by R+ and OH- and is nothing but an alkali / base. OH- is
OH- is only mobile in water.
Anion Exchange resins are two types. Strong base anion resins (SBA) and Weak base
base anion resins (WBA).
SBA:
When the functional group is strong base it is called SBA resins. SBA performance is not
influenced by water pH and it can exchange with both strong and weak acids.
WBA:
When the functional group attached with a weak base it is called WBA resins. WBA performs
performs better at low pH and increased pH decreased its performance. When pH is more then 11
then 11 actually regeneration takes place.
Operational capacity and regeneration efficiency of WBA is higher than SBA. WBA can only
only react with strong acids

15. PRINCIPLE OF DEIONISATION :
All impurities expect dissolved solids are removed in pre-treatment plant.
Only dissolved solids are removed in D.M. Plant.
Dissolved solids in water dissociates into ions(as water is polar solvent and it is dissolved in electro-
electro-valent compound
Positive charged ions are called cations and Negative charged ions are termed as anions.
In normal river water most common salts presented are calcium, magnesium and sodium salts,
salts, associated with corresponding equivalent ions like Cl-, SO4- etc.
H2CO3

16. If above water passes through a cation exchanger all cations are exchanged with H+ of
cation exchanger resins.
Similarly all cations are exchanged and retained by resins and ultimate product will be
corresponding acids. pH drops around 3.5 and it becomes soft.
The above water when passed through a anion exchanger, all anions exchanged with
OH- of SBA resins and equivalent of water is produced.
Similarly all acids are convertible to H2O. It appears that by passing water containing
salts through a cation and anion exchange resins all isolable salts can be removed.
However actual process is a little bit different
SELECTIVITY OF IONS:
Resins has a preference for exchange and it depends on charge and size. Triple charge
preferred to double and double is preferred
to single charge. Charge being same preference is given bigger size ions.

17. SODIUM SLIP:
When water containing Ca, Mg, Na ions is passed through cation exchanger bed, Ca ions are
retained in 1st layer then Mg ions and in the last layer Na retained.
Ions exchange are reversible( for regeneration and reuse).
The reaction in the bottom part of the bed is with sodium salt (say NaCl).
Now even at very low concentration of R-Na some back reaction produces NaCl.
Thus effluent coming out from ion exchanger is not 100% acid but contain a little amount of sodium
sodium salt. This called sodium slip. Increased bed depth reduces this amount of slip but can never be
never be nil. Further it is not techno economically feasible to increase bed depth indefinitely. Hence
Hence some amount of sodium slip is accepted in design.
The cation effluent containing some amount of sodium when passes through ion exchanger, acids are
acids are converted to water to NaOH.
So the effluent coming out of anion bed contain NaOH that increases the pH and conductivity of the
of the anion effluent.
Further similar to Na slip, silica slip takes place from ion exchanger.
Thus water coming out through cation and anion exchanger has high pH/ conductivity and silica and
silica and is not as per requirement of H.P. units.

18. MIXED BED UNITS :
After passing water through cation then anion exchanger it passed through mixed bed unit. In
In mixed bed cation and anion resins are mixed and while water passes through thousands of
of cation / anion exchanger ‘resulting final effluent of very good quality. So, minimum
requirement is, SAC→SBA →MB. Further H2SO3 produces in SAC can be easily removed at low
low running cost in Degassifer. Thus simplest DM Plant for High pressure unit is:
SAC → Degasser → SBA → MB

19. D.M.PLANT:
From filter water chlorine is removed before allowing to enter ion exchanger. It can be done by:
(a) Passing through a activated carbon filter which absorbs chlorine.
(b) Dosing calculated amount of sodium sulphate which reduces chlorine to chlorine ion.
Depending upon the amount of water to be treated and quality of filter water, Different types of demineralisation