1. Immaculate Heart of Mary School Bulusan, Sorsogon Inc.
Dapdap, Bulusan Sorsogon
Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 10
I- Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, 80% of the students shall be able to:
A. Describe the parts and glands of the male and female reproductive systems and
their functions.
B. Participate in group activities.
C. Create a clay model of the male and female reproductive system.
II- Content/Subject Matter
A. Male and Female Reproductive System
B. Andaya. M, et.al. (2020). Science Links Revised Edition, 84-86 p.
Florentino St., Sta. MesaHeights, Quezon City, Rex Book Store, Inc.
Pavico. J, et al. (2015). Exploring Life Through Science Series, 927
Quezon Avenue, QuezonCity, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
C. Visual Aids, Marker, Tape
III- Procedure
Day 1
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
Prayer
-Students please stand.
-Lead the prayer (name of student)
Greetings/Classroom Management
-Good morning, Class!
-Please pick up any trash you can see within the classroom
and place it in the trash can before taking your seats.
Checking of attendance
-Is everybody’s present?
Recall
-What was our topic last meeting?
B. Motivation
-The teacher will show a picture of sperm and egg cell and
ask the students what they think it is, their own explanation
and ask them what gender produces it.
In the name of the Father
and of the Son and of the
Holy spirit… Amen
Good morning, Sir!
-Yes sir!
-We talked about ionizing
radiation.
2. C. Introducing the topic
-The images I showed you are relevant to our topic.
D. Discussion (Concept 1)
The Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system is responsible for
reproduction. It is made of the following parts:
Penis — the organ used for urination and sexual
intercourse. It has spongy tissue which can fill with blood to
cause an erection. It contains the urethra, which carries
both urine and semen.
Scrotum — this is a loose bag of skin that hangs outside
the body, behind the penis. It holds the testes in place.
Testes (or testicles) — these are a pair of egg-shaped
glands that sit in the scrotum, on the outside of the body.
They produce sperm and testosterone, which is the male
sex hormone.
Epididymis — this is a highly coiled tube that lies at the
back of the testes. All sperm from the testes must pass
through the epididymis, where they mature and start to
‘swim’.
Vas deferens — this is a thick-walled tube joined to the
epididymis. It carries sperm from the epididymis up to the
prostate gland and urethra.
Prostate gland — this is a walnut-sized gland that sits in
the middle of the pelvis. The urethra runs through the
middle of it. It produces the fluid secretions that support
and nourish the sperm.
Urethra — this is a tube that extends from the bladder to
the external opening at the end of the penis. The urethra
carries both urine and sperm.
Seminal vesicles — these are 2 small glands above the
prostate gland that make up much of the fluid in semen.
THE SPERM
The sperm is a unique structure located in the testis. It
fertilizes the egg. Males have two testes found inside the
scrotum. It produces millions of minute sperm cells which
can be observed only under the microscope. The sperm
cell which comes from the testes, and travels in the
epididymis are temporarily stored until they are released.
3. The sperm cells are release and move along the vas
deferens. Along the way, the sperms combined with the
nutrient secretions from the prostate gland and seminal
vesicles. This mixture is called semen. The semen will be
transported into the urethra and out of the penis.
Acrosome-the acrosome, a vesicle inside the sperm cell’s
heads, fuses with the outer layer of the egg, igniting the
release of enzymes that ease the route inside.
Plasma membrane- Sperm plasma membrane is a very
important structure that functions to protect sperm against
extracellular injuries and to respond to physiological
challenges. It plays a crucial role during sperm
capacitation, in sperm-egg interaction and, finally, in
fertilization.
Nucleus- The head of the sperm contains the nucleus. The
nucleus holds the DNA of the cell. The head also contains
enzymes that help the sperm break through the cell
membrane of an egg. The midpiece of the sperm is packed
with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that
produce energy.
Centriole- The centrioles are components of the
spermatozoon neck (aka connecting piece) where they are
attached to the nucleus and form the flagellum, thus
connecting the head to the tail.
Mitochondria- The sperm mitochondria produce energy
for the movement of the sperm. The sperm mitochondria,
as well as the mitochondria in the somatic cells, contain its
own DNA
Terminal disc- The tail or flagellum of the sperm is the
longest section and the terminal disc separates it from the
midpiece.
Axial Filament-The axial filament is the proper term for the
tail, in which it helps the sperm to travel to the ovum.
4. Day 2
E. Discussion (Concept 2)
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Internal parts
Vagina: Your vagina is a muscular canal that joins the
cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body.
It can widen to accommodate a baby during delivery and
then shrink back to hold something narrow like a tampon.
It’s lined with mucous membranes that help keep it moist.
Cervix: Your cervix is the lowest part of your uterus. A hole
in the middle allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to
exit. Your cervix opens (dilates) to allow a baby to come
out during a vaginal childbirth. Your cervix is what prevents
things like tampons from getting lost inside your body.
Uterus: Your uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that
holds a fetus during pregnancy. Your uterus is divided into
two parts: the cervix and the corpus. Your corpus is the
larger part of your uterus that expands during pregnancy.
Ovaries: Ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are
located on either side of your uterus. Your ovaries produce
eggs and hormones.
Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are
attached to the upper part of your uterus and serve as
pathways for your egg (ovum) to travel from your ovaries to
your uterus. Fertilization of an egg by sperm normally
occurs in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then moves
to the uterus, where it implants into your uterine lining.
External Parts
The main parts of your vulva or external genitals are:
Labia majora: Your labia majora (“large lips”) enclose and
protect the other external reproductive organs. During
puberty, hair growth occurs on the skin of the labia majora,
which also contain sweat and oil-secreting glands.
Labia minora: Your labia minora (“small lips”) can have a
variety of sizes and shapes. They lie just inside your labia
majora, and surround the opening to your vagina (the canal
5. that joins the lower part of your uterus to the outside of
your body) and urethra (the tube that carries pee from your
bladder to the outside of your body). This skin is very
delicate and can become easily irritated and swollen.
Clitoris: Your two labia minora meet at your clitoris, a
small, sensitive protrusion that’s comparable to a penis in
men or people assigned male at birth (AMAB). Your clitoris
is covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce and is very
sensitive to stimulation.
Vaginal opening: Your vaginal opening allows menstrual
blood and babies to exit your body. Tampons, fingers, sex
toys or penises can go inside your vagina through your
vaginal opening.
Hymen: Your hymen is a piece of tissue covering or
surrounding part of your vaginal opening. It’s formed during
development and present during birth.
Opening to your urethra: The opening to your urethra is
the hole you pee from.
The Egg Cell
What is the structure of an egg cell?
Above you will see a diagram that labels the main parts of
the human egg cell, together with an illustration of a real
human egg.
Nucleus: the nucleus is the heart of the egg cell; it
contains most of the genetic material in the form of
chromosomes. This is where the genes are situated. An
egg, like a sperm, contains half the number of
chromosomes as a normal cell, i.e., 23 each. So once an
egg and sperm combine during fertilization the resulting
embryo will have the normal 46 chromosomes in total.
Cytoplasm: the cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that
holds all the cell’s other internal structures, called
organelles. It is in the cytoplasm that all the cell’s activities
take place to keep it alive and functioning properly.
Amongst the more important organelles are structures
6. called mitochondria, which supply most of the energy for
the cell.
Zona Pellucida: the zona pellucida (or egg wall) is an
outer membrane of the egg. This structure helps the sperm
to enter the egg through its hard outer layers. The egg wall
hardens with age – the reason that an egg does not
fertilize. ‘Assisted hatching’ is a process whereby small
openings are created using various techniques
(mechanical, chemical or laser) on the egg wall, allowing
the developing cluster of cells to ‘hatch’. Without this
opening, they would not be able to break out of their tough
shell and implantation of a pregnancy would not occur.
Corona Radiata: the corona radiata surrounds an egg and
consists of two or three layers of cells from the follicle.
They are attached to the zona pellucida – the outer
protective layer of the egg – and their main purpose is to
supply vital proteins to the cell.
Day 3
F. Discussion (Concept 3)
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Testes
(Male)
Testosterone It regulates the
development of the male
sex organ in embryo. It
also controls sex drive
and secondary sex
characteristics at
puberty.
Ovaries
(Female)
Estrogen It controls sex drive and
regulates the
development of female
secondary sex
characteristics at
puberty.
Progesterone It controls the
development of
endometrium
(Mucus membrane lining
womb) during menstrual
cycle and maintenance
of uterus
during pregnancy.
Pituitary Prolactin Stimulates the
production of
milk in the mammary
glands.
7. Luteinizing
hormone (LH)
In females, it stimulates
ovulation, maturation of
egg cell, and
progesterone
production; whereas in
males, it stimulates
sperm
and testosterone
production.
Follicle-
stimulating
hormones
(FSH)
In females, it stimulates
the maturation of egg
cell in the ovary
and estrogen
production; whereas in
males, it stimulates
sperm
production.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Females begin to menstruate between the ages of 11 and
15. Menstruation, or monthly period, is the monthly
shedding of the lining of the uterus.
1.Menstrual cycle begins when an egg matures or ripens in
one of the ovaries. At the same time, the endometrium, the
lining of the uterus, starts to thicken for possible
pregnancy.
2.The matured egg releases from the ovary. The lining of
the uterus continuously thickens until it is ready to receive
the fertilized egg.
3.The thickened uterus will serve as the home for the
developing embryo.
4.If pregnancy does not successfully happen, the
endometrium breaks down or is destroyed and discharged
from the body.
5.The menstrual cycle last 28 days, but there are some
females menstruate cycles as short as 21 days or as long
as 35 days and are considered normal.
6.The endocrine system plays an important role for the
menstrual cycle.
7.During the first half of the cycle (days 1-14), pituitary
hormone FSH stimulates an egg to mature inside one of
the ovaries.
8.When the egg starts to develop, it secretes estrogen,
which causes the endometrium to thicken.
8. 9.At the middle of menstrual cycle, which is about 14, the
level of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) starts to rise; thus,
ovulation occurs.
10.The ovary releases the egg and travels into the fallopian
tube.
11.It takes seven days for the egg to travel into the
fallopian tube going to the uterus.
12.The production of the progesterone increases, it
maintains the growth of the endometrium.
13.If the egg has not been fertilized, progesterone and
estrogen levels drop. The endometrium breaks down and
the under fertilized egg passes out of the body through the
vagina.
THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO
1.First Week of Development
The union of sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a
female is called fertilization. After fertilization of the egg
cell, the zygote travels in the oviduct to get nutrients from
maternal secretions then will undergo the process of first
mitotic cell division which forms cleavages. When it
reaches the uterus, cleavages have transformed into a
solid group of cells called morula and later on will develop
into a blastocyst. There is an inner cell mass of the
blastocysts having a surface cell layer called trophoblast.
Secretion of chorionic gonadotropin from trophoblast helps
to maintain the corpus luteum to grow and to secrete
9. estrogens and progesterone. These hormones help the
uterine lining to do its task during pregnancy.
Once the blastocyst is formed, it begins to adhere itself to
uterine lining. This process of attachment is also known as
implantation. After the blastocyst has been implanted, it is
now embryo.
2.The Embryo
Embryo is the initial development stage in human after
fertilization. The bond that holds the embryo to the wall of
the uterus is called the placenta. Approximately 25 days,
after fertilization, a cord forms between the embryo and the
sac (called the placenta). This cord is referred to as the
umbilical cord which is the embryo’s lifeline, meaning the
embryo gets its oxygen and food from the mother through
the placenta.
The developing embryo is enclosed in a sack of thin sheet
of tissue called the amniotic sac. Within this sac is the
amniotic fluid where the embryo floats. This fluid serves as
a shock absorber and helps the embryo to maintain its
temperature.
3.The Fetus
After two months, the embryo is about 1.2 inches (3
centimeters) long and has a recognizable human form or a
fetus. The fetus grows with the help of the placenta. The
placenta connects to the developing embryo by means of
the umbilical cord. At four months, the fetus moves and
can be recognized. The baby’s eyelashes are formed, and
eyelids can be recognized at seven months. All the organs
are well developed on the ninth month; the baby is ready to
be born.
10. G. Application
-Label the parts of the male reproductive system.
-Label the parts of the female reproductive system.
H. Generalization
-What are the parts of Male Reproductive System and
Female Reproductive System?
-What receives the sperm and fluid from the epididymis?
-Where does fertilization occur?
-What is the third phase of the menstrual cycle?
IV- Assessment
- Create a clay model of male and female reproductive system and label the main parts.
Criteria
Work is neat and organized. 30%
The parts are labeled correctly. 30%
Exceptional effort and quality of work. 40%
Total 100%
V- Assignment
-Read and study about the endocrine and nervous system.
