So, this was our FIRST SEMESTER presentation on "Internet". Everyone is familiar with the word internet so, in this presentation we have tried to gather more and more information about internet from reliable sources so as to enhance knowledge. hope this will help you!!!!

1. Presented By:
Dixya Maharzan
Lumanti Manandhar
Manoj Adhikari

2. • Term “internet” 1st used in 1974 to
describe single global.
• Origin from military project ARPANET
(American research project agency
network).
• ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on Jan. 1st,1983.
• Assemble of network of network.
• Starting of modern internet.
• Invention of WWW by Team Burners Lee
(1990).
• Expansion of online world.

3. • Inter + Net = Internet
• Interconnection of computers in
a network.(network of network)
• Interconnection between server
and client computer system.
• Sharing of data and information
so called communication.

4. • Network of 1.5 billion.
• 2 million host.
• 25 million users in each
continent.
• Unites the people.
• Single home.

5. FUNCTIONS
IANA-(INTERNET ASSIGNED NUMBER AUTHORITY)
• Oversees global IP
address allocation,
autonomous number
• internet protocol
related symbols,
internet numbers
• Supported by ICAAN-
(Internet Cooperation
For assigned Names and
Numbers).

6. FUNCTIONS
 Co-ordinates
maintenance and
procedure of database.
• It is does technical
maintenance of task
done by IANA.
• ensures the network is
stable and secures the
operation

7. Definition: set of standard rules for data
representation, signaling, authentication and error
detection required to send information over a
communications channel.
Some of the types of protocols are as follows:
• TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET
PROTOCOL (TCP/IP)
• HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)
• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
• SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL (SMTP)
• TELNET
• GOPHER
• WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVICE (WAIS)

8. The IP does the following works.
o Envelops and addresses the data
o Enables the network to read the envelope and
forward the data to its
destination.
o Defines how much data can fit in a single envelope .
The TCP does the following works.
o Breaks data up into packets that the network can
handle efficiently
o Verifies whether all the packets have arrived at
their destination
o “Reassembles” the data

9. • network protocol used to transfer data from one
computer to another through a network such as the
Internet.
• Works on the client/server principal.
• Used for uploading and downloading files server.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Application layer of TCP/IP.
• Used in sending and receiving e-mail.
• Works with MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) using “store
and forward” method

10. • protocol that enables one computer to connect to
another computer and such control is referred to
as remote login.
Gopher
• protocol designed to search, retrieve and display
documents from remote sites on the Internet.
• designed to work with a variety of different
Internet stand alone service.

11. It is an internet search tool that is based on
Z39.50 standard. This standard describes a
protocol, for computer to computer information
retrieval.
• enables the user’s to search and receive a
response to query.

12. Definition: ISP, also called Internet access provider
or IAP is a company that offers its customers
access to the Internet.
Functions of ISP
• connects a data transmission technology appropriate
for delivering Internet Protocol datagrams, such as
dial-up, DSL, cable modem or dedicated high-speed
interconnects.
• allows to communicate with one another.
• provide services such as storing data files.

13. • Dial up:
uses an attached modem to encode and decode
information into and from audio frequency signals,
respectively.
• Direct (landline broadband)-Fiber, Copper,
Coaxial:
• converts electrical signals carrying data to light
and sends the light through transparent glass
fibers about diameter of a human hair.
• data transmits speeds is far exceeding current
DSL or cable modem speeds.

14. • can carry more than a thousand times the
bandwidth of copper cable and go more than
one hundred times further as well.
• much stronger, with eight times the pulling
tension of copper wire
Coaxial
• The 300 megahertz (MHz) bandwidth of a
coaxial cable is divided into multiple
channels through frequency division
multiplexing.
• carries both digital data and analog data
(voice, television) simultaneously

15. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• technology that uses radio waves .
• connection is created by hotspots
to access internet services.
• frequencies 2.4GHz - 5GHz, based on the
amount of data on the network.

16. • wireless mobile telecommunications technology.
• Access to voice telephony, mobile Internet access,
fi wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile
TV.
• transfers information rate of at least
200 kilobits/s.
• generation is characterized by new frequency
bands, higher data rates etc.

17. It is the systematic way to identify people, computers
and internet resources.
IP Address:
• is a numerical identification (logical address)that is
assigned to devices participating in a computer network
utilizing the internet protocol .
• are unique
• . are stored as binary numbers, but displayed in human-
readable notations, such as 208.77.188.166 , and
2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 .

18. • way to identify and locate computer connected to the
internet.
• Unique domain name. E.g. Microsoft.com, intel.com.
• describes the type of the organization.
o Com – commercial entities
o Edu – education institutions
o Org – organizations
o Gov- government entities
o Country code- np for Nepal, uk- United Kingdom, Fr-
France etc.

19. • method of creating, transmitting, or storing
primarily text based human communications
with digital communications systems.
• based on a store-and-forward model.
Uniform Resource Locator(URL)
• specifies where an identified resource is
available
and the mechanism for retrieving it.
• Also popularly called as a Web address.

20. • begun in 1992 by MIT professor Tim Berners-Lee.
• WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext
documents accessed via the Internet.
• access to web pages.
• navigate and surfing.
• used as a communication, market place, art gallery,
library,school or whatever the authors create.

21. • stands for hypertext Markup language.
• which consists of standardized codes or tags that are
used to define the structure of information on a
webpage.
• enables web pages to have many features including bold,
text, italics, headings, lists, tables, forms and frames.
Web browser Software
• an application software that acts as an interface
between the user and WWW.
• enables a user to display and interact with text, images,
videos, music, games and other information typically
located on a Webpage at a Web site.E.g. Microsoft
Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera etc.

22. • tool designed to search for information on the
WWW.
• Information may consist of web pages, images,
information and other types of files. Some
search engines also mine data available in
news books, databases, or open directories.
• are the databases which contains thousands
of resources and return the desired and
possible results based on the query of the
user.

23.  The Internet is a worldwide publicly accessible network of
networks through interconnected computer networks.
 The Internet enables individuals and businesses to share
information, resources, and services.
 It is creating a wider audience and consumer base for whatever
message, product, or service can be delivered.
 It enables the sharing of documents, presentations, and
spreadsheets among users around the world.
 It allows teams of people to work together virtually from remote
locations for business and training purposes.
 It not only makes our tasks easier but also saves a lot of time.

24. Common Uses/Functions of the Internet
 Email
 File Sharing
 Instant Messaging/chat
 Internet Fax
 World wide web
 Voice Over IP(VoIP) & Mobile VoIP
 Remote Access
 Collaborating/Sharing Ideas in Group
 Streaming Multimedia

25. 1. By using internet now we can
communicate in a fraction of
seconds with a person who is
sitting in the other part of the
world.
2. There are plenty messenger
services and email services
offering this service for free.
3. It has become very easy to
establish a kind of global
friendship.

26. It is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media,
such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video),
documents or electronic books.
TYPES OF FILE SHARING
•Peer-to -peer
Based on peer-to peer application architecture.
used by popular services like Napster, Spotify, and Infinit.
Protocol for P2P sharing is BitTorrent.
•File sync & sharing services
Updates files from a dedicated sharing directory on each user's
networked devices.
Files placed are accessible through a website and mobile app.
Popular due to file hosting services like google drive & drobox.

27.  Communication is the most important gift
that the internet has given to the common
man.
 With the help of internet, Now people can not
only chat but can also do the video
conferencing.
 Email, social networking sites are some of
the prime example of it.

28. • Internet fax, e-fax, or online fax is the use of the
Internet Protocol to send a fax (facsimile), rather
than using only phone networks (traditional faxing)
with a fax machine.
• It includes "web fax" and "email fax," along
with VoIP fax.
• It allows us to send and receive multiple faxes
simultaneously from any location also with lower
costs.

29. • The World Wide
Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is
an information space where documents and
other web resources are identified
by Uniform Resource Locators(URLs).
• English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented
the World Wide Web in 1989.
• It is the primary tool which is used by
billions of people to interact on the Internet.
• Here, the Web pages are primarily text
documents formatted and annotated
with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

30. • Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice
over IP, VoIP and IP telephony) is the
group of technologies for the delivery
of voice communications and
multimedia sessions over Internet
Protocol (IP) networks, such as the
Internet.
• Mobile VoIP works with a cell phone’s
3G, 4G, GSM, or other Internet service
to send voice calls as digital signals
over the Internet using voice over IP
technology.

31. • Remote access may refer to:
Connection to a data-processing
system from a remote location, for
example through a virtual private
network.
• It is a DOS-based bulletin board
system & a protocol standard for
database access.
• It allows applications to be run
remotely on a server.
• Eg: Telnet software is used to
remotely control a computer
system.

32.  Collaborative learning is a
situation in which two or more
people learn or attempt to learn
something together.
 Based on the model that
knowledge can be created within a
population.
 Collaborative learning activities
can include collaborative writing,
group projects, joint problem
solving, debates, study teams, and
other activities.

33.  Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and
presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider.
 The verb "to stream" refers to the process of delivering or obtaining
media.
 It is the process in which the end-user obtains the entire file for the
content before watching or listening to it.

34.  Multimedia describes any application that uses multiple
media(graphics, text, animations, audio, and video).
 It is an application that uses high-bandwidth media (audio and
video) and is most often delivered on CD-ROM.
 Multimedia comprises of two words “multi” and “media”
meaning “many” and “material” through which information may
be transmitted.
 It presents information in a more structured, presentable and
understandable manner.
 Multimedia does not describe the purpose of the application,
such as game or a presentation.
 It describes electronic media devices used to store and experience
multimedia content.

35.  POWERPOINT
 FREELANCE GRAPHICS
 MICROMEDIA
 AUTHORWARE
 MEDIA PLAYER
 DIGITAL & VIDEO CAMERA FOR IMAGE AND SOUND
RECORDIG
 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN(CAD)
 CD ROM and others.

36.  It is a slide show presentation program currently developed by
Microsoft, for use on both Microsoft and Apple Macintosh
operating systems.
 It is used to develop the slide-based presentation format.
Adobe Authorware
 It is an interpreted, flowchart-based, graphical programming
language.
 Authorware is used for creating interactive programs that can
integrate a range of multimedia content.

37.  It is also a presentation program developed by IBM (International
Business Machine).
 Previously, Freelance worked within DOS to produce slides that were a
worthy competitor to PowerPoint.
 It was eventually grafted into a new version of 1-2-3 for Windows (Smart
Suite) but by then PowerPoint and Excel had become dominant.

38.  It is the use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification,
analysis, or optimization of a design.
 CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer,
improve the quality of design, improve communications through
documentation.
 CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining,
or other manufacturing operations.

39. A CD-ROM which stands for ("Compact
Disc Read-Only Memory“) is a pre-
pressed optical compact disc which
contains data.
An early CD-ROM format was developed
by Sony and Denon introduced at
a Japanese computer show in 1984.
Computers can read CD-ROMs, but
cannot write to CD-ROMs. Therefore they
are not writable or erasable.

40.  It makes sharing of views, ideas and thoughts among various
people around the world easy.
 It is very cheap to get the knowledge about the related subject
matter in a short time through multimedia.
 It is very easy to use, handle, carry, copy and store data.
 It allows adding audio, video, text and graphics to make the subject
matter interactive and attractive.

41. INTRANETS
 Definition
 Difference between internet and intranet
 Difference between Intranets and Extranets
 Advantages/Drawbacks of Intranets
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
 Definition
 Types of E-commerce
• B2B
• B2C
 Digital Middleman
 Benefits of e-commerce

42. INTRANETS
 a private network accessible only to an
organization's staff.
 consist of many interlinked local area
networks
 It includes connections through one or
more gateway computers to the outside
Internet.
 Used to share company information and
computing resources among employees.
 Intranets are being used to deliver tools, e.g.
sales ,customer relationship tools, to
advance productivity.

43. Differences between internet and
intranets
INTERNET INTRANET
O Internet is wide network of
computers and is open for all.
O Internet itself contains a large
number of intranets.
O The number of users who use
internet is unlimited.
O The Visitors traffic is unlimited
O Collection of various LANs,
WANs and MANs.
O Intranet is also a network of
computers designed for a specific
group of users.
O Intranet can be accessed from
Internet but with restrictions.
O The number of users is limited.
O The traffic allowed is also limited.
.
O Mostly any of LAN or MAN or
WAN

44. Difference between intranets and extranets
INTRANETS EXTRANETS
O It is a Private network specific to
an organization.
O It is small network with minimal
number of connected devices.
O It is means of sharing sensitive
information throughout
organization
O Security is enforced via a firewall.
O But Intranet is regulated by
the organization policies.
O It is a Private network that uses public
network to share information with
suppliers and vendors
O The number of devices connected is
comparable with Intranet.
O It is means of sharing
information between members and
external members.
O Security is enforced via a firewall
that separates internet & extranet.
O Extranet is also regulated by
contractual agreements between
organizations.

45. Advantages of Intranets
 Implementation benefits
O It is based on open standards
O Connectivity with other systems
O Many tools available, Scalable
 Usability benefits
O Multimedia
O Hypertext links
O Single interface to information resources and services
 Organizational benefits
O Access to internal and external information
O Increases collaboration and coordination
O Supports links with customers and partners

46. Drawbacks of Intranets
Management concerns
 Management fears loss of control
 Hidden or unknown complexity and costs
 Potential for chaos
Security concerns  Unauthorized access
 Abuse of access
 Denial of service
 Packet sniffing
Productivity concerns  Overabundance of information
 Information overload lowers productivity
 Users set up own web pages

47. Electronic Commerce(e-commerce)
 It is the trading or facilitation of trading in products or services
using computer networks, such as the Internet or online social
networks.
 Uses technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds
transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online
transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), and
automated data collection systems.
 It is conducted using a variety of applications, such as email,
online catalogs and shopping carts, EDI, File Transfer Protocol,
and web services.

48. Business-to-Business(B2B)
 In B2B companies sell their online goods to other companies
without being engaged in sales to consumers.
 Comprises of electronic
transactions of goods or
services.
 Helps in comprehensive
analytics campaign of organizations.
 Improve brand awareness in the market place.

49. Business-to-consumer(B2C)
 Business that sells products or provides services directly to consumers.
 refers to the online selling of
products, or e-tailing
 Reduced capital commitment and
less overproduction
 Better knowledge of customers' needs
 Real life Shopping like experience

50. Digital Middleman
 A middleman is a person or
organization that facilitates the
business relationship between a
buyer and a seller
and earns a tangible gain from its
activity.
 Represents a distributor who purchases goods from the manufacturer and
sells them to a retailer, often at an increased price.
 This model refers to a company that provides information about several other
companies on one single Web site.

51. Benefits of e-commerce
 Advantages to organizations
 expand their market to national and international markets with minimum
capital investment.
 simplify the business processes and make them faster and efficient.
 Advantages to customers
 provides user more options and quicker delivery of products.
 increases competition among the organizations
 Advantages to Society
 helps government to deliver public services
 helps reducing cost of products so less that people can also afford the
products.