In two chapters provided on Course Reserves- Leganto ("The Origins of Darwinism" & "Darwinism: The Scientific Debate"), Peter Bowler tries to piece together an answer to the question: "What was Darwin's scientific method?" In Part A, using Bowler's two chapters and the materials presented in writing a two-part essay that outlines the main components of Darwin's scientific method to study "Evolution." Be sure to take into account the following considerations: Begin by outlining the key ideas of other theorists who wrote theories to explain "Evolution" as a biological process. As Kuhn tells us, scientists working on new scientific theories generally pick up unsolved problems to work on that other scientists didn't see or were unable to solve. So: Did Darwin pick up on where other scientists left off (i.e., unsolved problems) or did he see something or some things that other people working on the theory of Evolution hadn't before seen? Using the evidence provided in the TIME magazine article "Why You Do What You Do" (August 1, 1977, Course Reserves-Leganto, CANVAS), determine why Sociobiology became controversial from a "Normal Science" perspective. Do not talk about what Sociobiology became after 1977. Be sure to take into account the following considerations: (1) List and briefly explain the phases of Kuhn's Science Revolution Cycle. You can cut-and-paste the illustration (below). Kuhn Cycle-1.png 39672714 (2) Note how Sociobiology, in 1977, was part of a "scientific revolution" from a Kuhnian standpoint, i.e., the Darwinian revolution. (3) What are the main concepts that make up sociobiological theory? (4) Describe the academics who were challenging the "normal science" that appears in the article, i.e., the Sociobiologists. What is the normal science they are challenging? What disciplines do they work in? (5) Describe who were the academics who challenged Sociobiology that appear in the article - and what disciplines they work in. (6) Describe what the sociobiologists presented in terms of anomalies and inconsistencies to the normal science of the Darwinian paradigm. State how they used the anomalies and inconsistencies to argue for a paradigm shift. (7) State whether you believe there was a paradigm "crisis" to the Darwinian Revolution happening in 1977 (in the Kuhnian sense). If so, explain why sociobiology represented a "crisis." (8) Based only on the evidence presented in the TIME article, conclude your essay by stating what you believe to be the likelihood that sociobiology would become normal science in the 21st century. Use a summary of the evidence from your essay to explain why you have come to this conclusion. .

1. In two chapters provided on Course Reserves- Leganto ("The Origins of Darwinism" &
"Darwinism: The Scientific Debate"), Peter Bowler tries to piece together an answer to the
question: "What was Darwin's scientific method?" In Part A, using Bowler's two chapters and the
materials presented in writing a two-part essay that outlines the main components of Darwin's
scientific method to study "Evolution." Be sure to take into account the following considerations:
Begin by outlining the key ideas of other theorists who wrote theories to explain "Evolution" as a
biological process. As Kuhn tells us, scientists working on new scientific theories generally pick
up unsolved problems to work on that other scientists didn't see or were unable to solve. So: Did
Darwin pick up on where other scientists left off (i.e., unsolved problems) or did he see
something or some things that other people working on the theory of Evolution hadn't before
seen?
Using the evidence provided in the TIME magazine article "Why You Do What You Do"
(August 1, 1977, Course Reserves-Leganto, CANVAS), determine why Sociobiology became
controversial from a "Normal Science" perspective. Do not talk about what Sociobiology became
after 1977. Be sure to take into account the following considerations:
(1) List and briefly explain the phases of Kuhn's Science Revolution Cycle. You can cut-and-
paste the illustration (below). Kuhn Cycle-1.png 39672714
(2) Note how Sociobiology, in 1977, was part of a "scientific revolution" from a Kuhnian
standpoint, i.e., the Darwinian revolution.
(3) What are the main concepts that make up sociobiological theory?
(4) Describe the academics who were challenging the "normal science" that appears in the
article, i.e., the Sociobiologists. What is the normal science they are challenging? What
disciplines do they work in?
(5) Describe who were the academics who challenged Sociobiology that appear in the article -
and what disciplines they work in.
(6) Describe what the sociobiologists presented in terms of anomalies and inconsistencies to the
normal science of the Darwinian paradigm. State how they used the anomalies and
inconsistencies to argue for a paradigm shift.
(7) State whether you believe there was a paradigm "crisis" to the Darwinian Revolution
happening in 1977 (in the Kuhnian sense). If so, explain why sociobiology represented a "crisis."
(8) Based only on the evidence presented in the TIME article, conclude your essay by stating
what you believe to be the likelihood that sociobiology would become normal science in the 21st
century. Use a summary of the evidence from your essay to explain why you have come to this
conclusion.