3. PERSPECTIVE
January 1, 1863- 3.1 million slaves of 4
million total freed due to Emancipation
Proclamation,
2000– Palermo Protocol signed in the UN.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence
Protection Act signed by President Bill
Clinton.
4. PERSPECTIVE
January 1, 1863- 3.1 million slaves of 4
million total freed due to Emancipation
Proclamation,
2000– Palermo Protocol signed in the UN.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence
Protection Act signed by President Bill
Clinton.
Today: 27 million people enslaved in the
world—more than the entire trans-Atlantic
slave trade.
5. HUMAN TRAFFICKING VS. SEX
TRAFFICKING
82% of all cases investigated
in the US between 2008 and
2010 were sex trafficking.
Federal agencies were more likely to lead labor trafficking
investigations (29%) than sex trafficking investigations (7%).
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011)
6. WHAT DOES HUMAN TRAFFICKING
LOOK LIKE?
Human
Trafficking
Globally
Traffickers
largely part of
Organized Crime
Victims are often
sold, kidnapped,
born into human
trafficking
Domestically
Victims are
mostly runaways
Traffickers
largely part of
organized crime
8. INTERNATIONAL LEVEL– PALERMO
PROTOCOL
Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the
exploitation of the prostitution of others or
other forms of sexual exploitation, forced
labour or services, slavery or practices similar
to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;
Trafficking in persons‘ shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer
harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or
other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse
of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of
payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control
over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.
(Palermo Protocol, 2000)
9. GOOD AND THE BAD
First time international
legislation had ever
been created
The vast majority of
countries signed the
protocol.
Not a binding resolution
No punitive measures for
countries who did not comply
with protocol
Office of Drugs and Crime
rather than Human Rights
Council
10. TVPA DEFINITION
The term ‗‗sex trafficking‘‘ means the
recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for the
purpose of commercial sex act.‖
The term ‗‗severe forms of trafficking in persons‘‘ means—(A) sex
trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by
force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to
perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or (B) the
recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a
person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or
coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary
servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
(TVPA, 2000)
11. TVPA DEFINITION
The term ‗‗sex trafficking‘‘ means the
recruitment, harboring, transportation, provisio
n, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of
COMMERCIAL sex act.‖
The term ‗‗SEVERE forms of trafficking in persons‘‘ means—(A)
sex trafficking in which a COMMERCIAL sex act is induced by
force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to
perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or (B) the
recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a
person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or
coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude,
peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
(TVPA, 2000)
12. TVPA--DOMESTIC
Severe Forms of Sex Trafficking
(Forced Prostitution)
Sex Trafficking
victims (movement
into prostitution)
Severe forms of
trafficking
(forced, fraud, or
coercion)
Federal
Crime
Benefits for Victims,
Services Administered through NGOs
No Benefits or Services
Not a Federal Crime
13. TVPA-- FOREIGN
Tier System
Tier 1-exceeds minimum standards
Tier 2-meets minimum standards
Tier 2 Watch list- does not meet minimum standards, subject to
sanctions. BUT…has the ability to reach minimum standards or
show they are on their way to meeting minimum standards.
Tier 3- Does not meet minimum standards, subject to sanctions.
14. Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 2 Watch list Tier 3
Full Democracies Australia Finland
United Kingdom Denmark
United States Germany
Spain New Zealand
Sweden Iceland
Norway Canada
Czech Republic Finland
Netherlands Luxembourg
Ireland Austria
South Korea Belgium
Mauritius
Japan
Switzerland
Malta
Uruguay
Costa Rica
Flawed Democracies Colombia Italy
Israel
Macedonia
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Taiwan
Croatia
France
Argentina India
Indonesia Mexico
Montenegro Paraguay
Peru Philippines
Portugal Romania
Serbia South Africa
Sri Lanka Botswana
Brazil Bulgaria
Chile Estonia
Jamaica
Malaysia
Thailand
Papua New Guinea
Hybrid Regimes Georgia
Nicaragua
Mozambique Nepal
Pakistan Tanzania
Turkey Uganda
Ukraine Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Cambodia
Ethiopia
Venezuela
Singapore
Iraq
Kenya
Malawi
Niger
Senegal
Ecuador
Authoritarian Regimes Laos
Morocco
Nigeria
Rwanda
Swaziland
Vietnam
Burma (Myanmar)
China
Russia
Sierra Leone
Chad
Belarus*
Republic of the
Congo*^
Cuba* Yemen*
Iran*+ Zimbabwe*
North Korea*+ Dem. Rep. of Congo
Madagascar Equatorial Guinea
Saudi Arabia Kuwait
Eritrea Sudan
Syria* Libya
Algeria Central African Rep.
15. STATES
Utah does not require proof of
force, fraud, or coercion
Wisconsin recognizes
indentured
servitude
more distinctly
New Jersey
separates its
definition from the national
definition,
by eliminating
distinction of ―severe‖
forms of trafficking
All seek to give law
enforcement greater
power in the
prosecution of
human trafficking
crimes.
16. WHAT IS… VS. WHAT CAN BE.
Palermo
Protocol
TVPA
Human
trafficking
continuing
State
Laws
Palermo
Protocol
TVPA
End of
human
trafficking.
State
Laws
17. WHY??
As great as non-profits or Christian ministries are at trying to solve
this problem, the reality is, until you cut off the head of the snake,
there can‘t be an end. We can pull victim‘s out of that hell, but it
doesn‘t stop human trafficking.
So what if we as the Church inserted our agenda into a policy
agenda that could end this horrible evil??
That‘s my passion. To proclaim release for captives, by not excluding God
from the discussion, but inserting Him and forcing the Church and
governments to work together for the end of human trafficking.
Editor's Notes
Palermo Protocol was intended to cause nations to pass legislation that would create laws to combat human trafficking. Countries who agreed, agreed to make a concerted effort to bring about the end of human trafficking through law enforcement. Moreover, victims’ protection was key as was the free flow of information amongst member nations. TVPA-was set up in a similar format. However, TVPA set up budget, task forces, legal standards etc.
So in short, despite the amount of effort put forth on cases, the majority of cases investigated are labor so, human trafficking=sex trafficking.
SEVERE is the key. Prosecution based on this alone is lacking. Moreover, in sex trafficking, the purposes have to be for commercial purposes.
Minimum standards—1) The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of trafficking inpersons and punish acts of such trafficking.(2) For the knowing commission of any act of sex trafficking involving force,fraud, coercion, or in which the victim of sex trafficking is a child incapable of givingmeaningful consent, or of trafficking which includes rape or kidnapping or which causesa death, the government of the country should prescribe punishment commensurate withthat for grave crimes, such as forcible sexual assault.(3) For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking inpersons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that issufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of theoffense.(4) The government of the country should make serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of human trafficking.
electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, the functioning of government,political participation, and political culture
