Change In Society With Supreme Court Cases

Change in Society with Supreme Court Cases
The Brown v. Board of Education Court Case was a very highlighted issue in black history. Brown
v. Board help different races comes together in public schools. This case became very big 1950s lots
of attention was drawn to the case at that time. News reporter and critics had different views and
opinions about this case. This case in 1954 causes lots of issues and views. The quote "separate but
equal" is vital due to "Plessy v. Ferguson" and the famous lawyer Thurgood Marshall who argued
this case, and the success of this case itself. Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908. He was
raised in two parents home his father work different odd jobs and his mother was a teacher. (Benson,
Brannen, and Valentine N.P) Thurgood had a hard time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Evans–Marshall) This quote had a lot to do with "Plessy v. Ferguson" meaning to say it had no
place in the court or law. (Benson, Brannen and Valentine 196) Supreme court also went on to say
that segregated schools were acceptable. (Evans–Marshall) Some say that the Supreme Court was
being accused of writing new laws and over using their powers and violating state's rights. (Evans–
Marshall) "Separate but equal" had a lot of meaning to it where only a certain race could use this
door or water fountain. (Evans–Marshall) Some say that this quote could have cause somewhat
damage to African American children to say that black kids should not be in the same schools as
white children. (Murphy) The battle to integrate schools caught the media attention, which in tune
made many people aware of the civil rights movement. Some of the most famous cases that shed
light on this issue were the "Little Rock 9", and James Meredith case. (Evans–Marshall) This quote
was very powerful at that time to say that people with a certain color of skin could or could not do
this or that.
Brown v. Board of Education Case began after Oilver Brown felt that his child should be able to
attend the local public school. This event started one of the biggest race relation issue in the U.S.
(Christianson 466) This issue started to pop up all around the U.S if whether blacks and whites
should go to school together or
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Thurgood Marshall Essay
Thurgood Marshall "Thurgood Marshall was a rebel."(1) His method of activism differed from those
of other civil rights leaders of the time. By addressing the courts and using his legal expertise,
Marshall was able to have a more direct influence on society and the way government was treating
blacks at the time. His use of the of the courts led to rulings that deemed the exclusion of blacks
from primary elections, the use of racial profiling in terms of housing, the "separate but equal"
mentality concerning working facilities and universities, and especially the segregation of
elementary schools unconstitutional. With a resume like that it is no wonder he is still considered
one of the most influential of the civil rights ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1) During that time he argued thirty–two cases in front of the Supreme Court, and won an
astonishing twenty–nine of them. Some of these cases had a significant impact on the livelihood of
blacks living in America at that time and continue to effect their lives today. One of these cases was
Smith v. Allwright. The outcome of this case declared that Texas' exclusion of black voters from
primary elections, known as the "White Primary", unconstitutional. By winning this case Marshall
not only paved the way for the removal of black voting laws, but he also made it public that the
Supreme Court was no longer going to ignore the constitutional rights of African Americans, that
had been discounted by state legislatures since the Civil War. In yet another governmental policy
altering case Shelley v. Kraemer in 1948 the Supreme Court agreed with Marshall that courts could
not enforce "restrictive covenants," private agreements not to sell land to blacks. (3) This time
Marshall directed a blow at the state level courts, forcing them to become aware of the nation's new
found view of civil liberties. In Sweat v. Painter in 1950 and in Sipuel v. University of Oklahoma in
1948, Marshall won unanimous decisions declaring "separate but equal" facilities for black
professionals as well as graduate students in state universities unconstitutional. (3) First the state

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social...
DeShaney v. Winnebago County was a landmark Supreme Court Case which was ruled on in
February, 1989. The case revolved around Joshua DeShaney, a child who who was reportedly
abused by his father, Randy DeShaney. In 1980, Joshua's parents divorced and his father won full
custody. In 1983, Joshua was hospitalized for suspected abuse by his father. Winnebago County
Department of Social Services got involved and four year old Joshua DeShaney was kept in the
hospital's custody for three days. However, "On the recommendation of a 'child protection team,'
consisting of a pediatrician, a psychologist, a police detective, the county's lawyer, several DSS
caseworkers, and various hospital personnel, the juvenile court dismissed the case and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Winnebago County argued that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment only
protected citizens from actions by the State and not by a private actor. At the time of the case, the
Supreme Court consisted of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, and Justices Byron White, John Paul
Stevens, Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, William Brennan Jr., Thurgood
Marshall, and Harry Blackmun. The Court ruled 6–3 in favor of Winnebago County after holding
that the Due Process Clause did not protect an individual from violent actions by a private actor. The
Due Process Clause was interpreted differently by various Justices in the Court who were using
different theories for understanding the Constitution. There are three major theories for
Constitutional interpretation. The first is textualism, which is the theory that the "ordinary meaning"
of a law should be used for its interpretation, rather than the reason it was written or the problem it
was meant to solve. The second is originalism, which says that the interpretation of a law should be
decided based on the original meaning or purpose the law had when it was written. The third is
literalism, which is rather self explanatory and, as the name implies, means interpeting the text of a
law as literally as possible. I

Thurgood Marshall Research Paper
EFFECTUATING EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY: THURGOOD MARSHALL When presenting
the chief influencers of the civil rights movement, many would immediately think of Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr. with his peaceful protests and empowering speeches that urged people to be calm
and rational. Also, Malcolm X could be seen as a chief influencer because he called black people to
action and told them to stand up for their rights. On the other hand, the judicial branch and the court
systems are not normally considered the prime source of change in the civil rights movement.
However, the principle decisions that changed civil rights history forever and greatly influenced
equality were made almost exclusively in courthouses. One organization, called the National
Association ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When he was nominated, Thurgood was described by the president as the right man for the job and
he was chosen at the right time and place to have an impact on society. Marshall was sworn in on
October 2nd in 1967 and he stayed a justice until 1991. Because he was the first black Supreme
Court justice, Thurgood was an inspiration to kids who wanted to become justices. Also, he had a
huge impact on civil rights while he was a justice because he was given a major say in court cases
and legal decisions that affected every country, including civil rights cases. One example of this is
the 1972 Furman vs. Georgia case where Marshall chose, along with the majority of the other
justices, to prohibit the death penalty and fight for the rights of prisoners. Another key example of
Marshall using his powers as a justice on the Supreme Court for civil rights is the Roe vs. Wade
court case. Marshall chose to vote that women should have the right to have an abortion in the
controversial 1973 case. Throughout his life, whether he was working as a lawyer or as a justice,
Thurgood Marshall kept his liberal views and continued to support civil

Charles Hamilton Houston's Role In Dismantling The Jim...
Charles Hamilton Houston
Charles Hamilton Houston (September 3, 1895 – April 22, 1950) was a prominent
African–American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and NAACP Litigation
Director who played a significant role in dismantling the Jim Crow laws.
He is also well known for having trained future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall.
Charles Hamilton Houston was the chief attorney for the National Association of Colored
People (NAACP). Houston was born in Washington, D.C., where his father was a lawyer. An
outstanding student, Houston graduated as one of six valedictorians from Amherst College in
Massachusetts in 1915. He was later appointed as a second lieutenant in field artillery and served in
France and Germany during

The Legacy Of The First Black U.s. Supreme Court Justice
The Legacy of the First Black U.S. Supreme Court Justice The life of Thurgood Marshall and the
legacy that he abandoned has affected the present day U.S. Legal Branch today. He did numerous
things throughout his life that were persuasive to the administration. He did as well as could be
expected to end all racial isolation. He had worked inside the Supreme Court to end the enduring
legacy of subjection in the nation. He additionally worked for the benefit of American culture
(Haddock). Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908. He was the considerable
grandson of a slave who was conceived in the advanced Democratic Republic of the Congo; his
granddad was likewise a slave. His unique name was Thoroughgood, yet was in the end abbreviated
to Thurgood in second grade since he disdained spelling it. His dad, William Marshall, who was a
railroad doorman, and his mom Norma, an instructor, imparted in him a gratefulness for the United
States Constitution and the standard of law (Brownworth). In the wake of moving on from graduate
school, Marshall began a private law firm in Baltimore. He started his 25–year alliance with the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1934 by speaking to the
association in the graduate school segregation suit Murray v. Pearson. In 1936, Marshall turned out
to be a piece of the national staff of the NAACP. In Murray v. Pearson, Marshall spoke to Donald
Gaines Murray, a dark Amherst College graduate with

Essay about Biography of Thurgood Marshall
Why was Thurgood Marshall Famous?
Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908, in Baltimore, MD. He was born to his Mother Norma
Marshall and Father William Marshall. In his lifetime he was a civil Right Activist, Lawyer, Circuit
Court Judge & Solicitor General, and a Supreme Justice. He died at the age 84 on January 24, 1993.
He was married twice in his lifetime first to Vivien "Buster" Burey till her death in 1955 then to
Cecilia Suyat till his death. He had two sons by his second wife Thurgood Marshall. Jr and John W.
Marshall.
Thurgood Marshall attended Frederick Douglass High School and graduated with an above average
in 1926. Three years later he got married to his first wife Vivian Burey in September 4, 1929 at the
age of 21. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith because S.E. Allwright didn't allow him to vote in the 1940 Texas primary election.
Thurgood received the highest award the Spingarn Medal. It received its name from chief Joel
Spingarn. This award is appointed to the most highest or noblest achievement by a nigro.
The Brown v. Board of Education was Marshall greatest achievements as a civil–rights Lawyer. The
lawsuit was because a group of black parents in Topeka, Kansas were forced their children to attend
all black segregated schools. This was one of the most important cases of the 20th century. The
Supreme Court's unanimously ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," On
May 17, 1954. Racial segregation of public schools, violated the 14th Amendment. The court's
provided the legal foundation during the enforcement. The inspiration for the American Civil Rights
Movement that unfolds over the next decided. His Victory in this case put Marshall as one of the
best lawyers in America. As a lawyer he worked on 32 cases and won 29 of these cases.Thurgood
Marshall, Jr. his son was born 12 Aug. 1956
Thurgood was appointed as the U.S second Circuit in 1961 for four years none of Marshall's
decision were overturned by the Supreme Court. Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Thurgood as the first
black U.S solicitor general. Marshall won 14 of the 19 cases he argued before the Supreme Court for
two years as solicitor.
Marshall was nominated in 1967 by President Johnson to survive on the

Thurgood Mashall: A Major Influence on Law and Equality
Thurgood Marshall: A Major Influence on Law and Equality "In one section, at least of our common
country, a government of the people, by the people, and for the people means a government by the
mob" (Hitzeroth and Leon 13). This is an excerpt from a newspaper article written by reporter Ida
B. Wells–Barnett, who was reviewing the conditions in which the African Americans were being
treated in the South during the early 1900s (Hitzeroth and Leon 12). Thurgood Marshall overcame
discrimination by pursuing his dreams of going into law despite the racism around him at the time,
becoming the first African–American Supreme Court Judge, and fighting for equal rights for all
people. Thurgood Marshall overcame discrimination by his dreams of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since he had none of his cases overturned during his time as a federal appellate judge, he was
definitely the best choice. In 1965, President John F. Kennedy named Marshall the 1st African
American solicitor general, and he won fourteen of the nineteen cases he was assigned (Paddock).
He had won many important cases that had helped the minorities and the poor be able to walk out of
their own doors without having to worry about how to survive another day. Thurgood Marshall
fought not just for African Americans, but for all minorities, including the poor. Thurgood Marshall
was mainly recognized for his part in the Civil Rights Movement, but he also fought for other
minorities and the poor because he was a lawyer that represented the side of the argument in courts
of the oppressed. "As a justice, Marshall wrote a number of important decisions on the freedom of
expression and on equal protection, urging the court to safeguard the rights of the minorities and the
poor" (Tushnet). The racial attacks he experienced when he was younger helped spark his interest in
protecting the rights and responsibilities of the poor and the minorities, and since the biggest thing
of the time was the Civil Rights Movement, which is what he was mainly recognized for, although
he did a lot more. He left a path for many other African

A Brief Biography Of Thurgood Marshall
In 1908, Thurgood Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland to Norma and Willie. Norma, his
mother, was a schoolteacher and his father, Willie, was a railroad porter and a steward at a Maryland
country club. "On the southern rim of the Mason–Dixon line, the Baltimore of Marshall's boyhood
was rigidly segregated. But there was also a thriving black business district and a well–organized
black middle class." Since Marshall grew up where it having a black community was a little more
accepting than other places, it made him understand what the differences were between the blacks
and whites. Marshall attended Lincoln University, which was an all–black school. The state
university in Baltimore was segregated, "so Marshall commuted by train to all–black Howard
University Law School in Washington, D.C. At sunrise, Marshall caught the train to Washington; he
often took the last train home at night." In 1933, Thurgood Marshall graduated at the top of his class
from Howard University Law School. Throughout his time at University Marshall was helping
Charles Hamilton Houston with law cases; Houston went on to become the chief lawyer for the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which Houston asked
Marshall to join. "In 1935, Marshall won his first case in civil rights. He was suing the University of
Maryland Law School ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With a team of brilliant and lawyers, Marshalll conducted a courtroom crusade against Jim Crow.
He...used the U.S. Constitution to defeat discrimination in voting laws, interstate transpiration, and
housing codes, as well as other inequities. They achieved their greatest victory in the 1954 Brown
decision, in which the Supreme Court struck down the principle of separate–but–equal–the heart of
Jim Crow law. Brown is widely regarded as one of the most significant American legal decisions in
the twentieth

Seperate Is Not Equal Essay
Separate is Not Equal The decision rendered by the United States Supreme Court on May 17, 1954,
was one of the most defining moments in American history. A multiethnic movement for social
change developed into a legal campaign aimed at altering the constitutional basis of government in
the United States. This struggle was not only about children and their education, but also about
issues of race and equal opportunity in America. The decision of Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka initiated educational and social reform throughout the United States. However, without the
dedication brought by Charles H. Houston, the case of equality or the Civil Rights Movement might
not have advanced to where it is today. Up until the late 1950s, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many gifted leaders served in the NAACP that battled to enact and enforce federal, state, and local
laws that would protect the average African–American. Charles H. Houston, a member of the
NAACP, was a man of power who fought until his death to enable blacks to live a fair and equal
life. Although being born to a privileged family that was lucky enough to live in the north, this did
not stop Houston from fighting to end segregation. His first encounter with segregation was in the
First World War. Throughout the duration of the war, Houston had come to the conclusion that after
the war, he was going to fight for equality. He stated, "The hate and scorn showered on us Negro
officers by our fellow Americans convinced me that there was no sense in my dying for a world
ruled by them. I made up my mind that if I got through this war I would study law and use my time
fighting for men who could not strike back" (The Road to Brown). Thus he studied law and began to
develop an attack on the Jim Crow Laws. He found that the best way to undergo this process would
be to attack the educational system. Fighting for educational rights for the black students, Houston
believed that if he could win, then the average African–American would be one step closer to
equality. His theory became even greater when his victories started to pour in. Throughout the
course of his legal campaign, Houston believed in a two step attack. First, he would make plain the
inequality

Eulogy: Thurgood Marshall
Kaylie Politza 2/12/18 Period 7 Thurgood Marshall Eulogy In Baltimore, Maryland, Thurgood
Marshall was born into a family of slaves. He came into the world on the second of June, 1908
during a hot summer day. From the time he was a toddler, his father, William Marshall, rooted in
him a deep appreciation for America's Constitution and government. Although he attended racially
segregated schools, he was extremely dedicated and was a high achieving student. After graduating
from Frederick Douglass High School in 1926, he followed in the footsteps of his brother, and
decided to attend Lincoln University, in Chester County, Pennsylvania. His classmates at Lincoln
University included a distinguished group of potential black leaders. They included

Essay On Thurgood Marshall
Throughout history, there has been discrimination against race, religion, gender, orientation, age,
among many other things. From the British preventing the colonists' rights to the "separate but
equal" doctrine people used to justify discrimination against African Americans, America has had its
fair share of it. After years of the mockery of equality that African Americans had, change was
needed. Out of the thousands of voices who brought the winds of change, that were heard the most
were: Martin Luther King Jr., for convincing people to join their cause; Thurgood Marshall, who
used the law to get people to listen to their voices; and the Silent Majority, for without them,
freedom would never truly ring from every mountainside.
While King was the spokesperson, the Silent Majority were the people who really pushed for civil
rights. They were the ones who did the sit–ins, boycotts, strikes, and protests. While the
organizations such as the NAACP ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Linda Brown, an African American girl, had to have to walk so far to a school in terrible condition
when there was an all–white school close to her house. Her parents hired Marshall on her behalf to
find a way to desegregate schools so black students could go to the same school. This resulted in his
most famous case, Brown v. Board of Education, which argued that it was "unconstitutional" for
schools to be segregated. (The Road to Civil Rights) Because of his victory in the Supreme Court,
the Little Rock Nine could desegregate Little Rock Central High School, and the only legal way to
get them out of the school was to close it. While working for the NAACP, he also won several other
cases that would pave the way for equality for all, and went on to become the first African American
Supreme Court justice. (The Road to Civil Rights) His efforts helped Martin Luther King Jr.'s

Thurgood Marshall was a great African American Civil Rights activist who changed a lot of lives in
the United States. As a passionate lawyer and prominent Supreme Court justice he fought for Civil
Rights and social justice in the courts and believed that racial integration is best for all schools. Very
early in his professional life Marshall broke down racial barriers and overcame resistance despite
the odds. He then became a role model of the disciplined leader, although he didn't have the
religious qualities or charisma as Martin Luther King. However, in terms of achievements, most of
us would agree that he should be ranked next to Martin Luther King Jr. Thurgood was particularly
famous for winning the Brown vs. Board of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson admired Marshall by recognizing his high level of legal, moral
and performance standard. President Johnson appointed Marshall to the US Supreme Court in 1967,
where he served until 1991. Marshall also served as top aide to President Bill Clinton until his death
in 1993. (3, 84) Marshall will be remembered for all his efforts in trying to put an end to racial
segregation. He spent considerable time to work the Supreme Court to end the lasting legacy of
slavery in the US. Quite evidently, he worked for the good of American society. Thurgood never
wanted to lead protests but to peaceably pioneer civil rights movements. He found he was achieving
a long–held ambition which placed him in the lead of the social revolution to end racial segregation.
(4, 67) For this reason his life became very important in shaping the American society today. He
also did many important things as a judge. He fought for individual rights and equality. His efforts
helped to put an end to all racial segregation and discrimination against all African Americans in this
country. Marshall did not only fight for equality in his fellow Africans, but also put important
decisions as a Supreme Court judge regarding the environment, the right of appeal of people
convicted of drug charges, failure to report for and to serve in the armed forces, and the rights of the
Native Americans – only to state a few.
All the things that

Introduction I was the first African–American justice of the Supreme Court, and served for 24 years.
I once said, "None of us got here by solely pulling ourselves up by our bootstraps. We got here
because somebody bent down and help us pick up our bootstraps."
I was a civil rights activist, attorney, and judge. I argued and won a variety of cases to end many
forms of legalized racism that helped to inspire the American Civil Rights Movement. Some people
say that I was instrumental in ending legal segregation that helped earned me an important place in
American history, I am Thurgood Marshall.
Early Life
I was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland to William and Norma Marshall. My father was
the grandson of a slave, who worked as a waiter at an exclusive club. My mother was a kindergarten
teacher. Both set of my grandparents owned grocery stores, but my father wanted to be independent
of them. Fortunately, my family and I enjoyed a comfortable, middle–class living. One of my
father's favorite pastimes was to listen to cases at the local courthouse before returning home. Then
he would debate the lawyers ' arguments with my brother, William and me. I believed debating court
cases with my father and brother sparked an interest in me becoming a lawyer. Also, my parents
placed great importance on education, encouraging my brother and I to think and learn.
Education
I attended Baltimore 's Colored High and Training School. The school has been renamed to
Frederick

Thurgood Marshall: Segregation In The US
Thurgood Marshall is someone worth recognizing because of what he did for those with colored
skin. He gave rights to African Americans making it illegal to have segregation in the U.S. He
positively changed history for the U.S. He was the first African American to serve U.S. Solicitorr,
appointed by by Lyndon B. Johnson. Thrugood was like Martin Luther King J.r, but he wasn't
acknowledged or know by some. However he was a big help in achivment of racial equality.
Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 and born in Baltimore, Maryland. Living with his
mother, father, and brother. His father William Marshall was a grandson to a slave and worked as a
steward at an exclusive club. His mother Norma Arica was a Kindergarten teacher. Thrugood's

The Brown v. Board of Education Court Case Essay
The Brown v. Board of Education Court Case served as a highlighted issue in black history. Brown
v. Board help different races comes together in public schools. This case became very big 1950s lots
of attention was drawn to the case at that time. News reporter and critics had different views and
opinions about this case. This case in 1954 causes lots of issues and views towards the black race.
The quote "separate but equal" is vital due to "Plessy v. Ferguson" and the famous lawyer Thurgood
Marshall who argued this case, and the success of this case itself. A very intelligent strong–minded
man argued this case in 1954. According to UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History, Thurgood Marshall
was born on July 2, 1908. He was raised in a two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes a small quote can make big difference in life and in very important situations. In Issues
& Controversies in American History, it is said that, a famous saying got this case started to
integrate schools was "separate but equal". It was said that this issue was a violation to the
fourteenth Amendment it state that "Limits upon states" going to say that everybody should be
treated equally. (Evans–Marshall) In the UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History, this quote had a lot to
do with "Plessy v. Ferguson" meaning to say it had no place in the court or law. (Benson, Brannen
and Valentine 196) With help of Issues & Controversies in American History, Supreme Court also
went on to say that segregated schools were acceptable. Some say that the Supreme Court was being
accused of writing new laws and over using their powers and violating state's rights. "Separate but
equal" had a lot of meaning to it where only a certain race could use this door or water fountain.
(Evans–Marshall) In World Book Advanced, some say that this quote could have cause somewhat
damage to African American children to say that black kids should not be in the same schools as
white children. (Murphy) According to Issues & Controversies in American, the battle to integrate
schools caught the media attention, which in tune made many people aware of the civil rights
movement. Some of the most famous cases that shed light on this issue were the "Little Rock 9",
and James Meredith case.

Thurgood Marshall's Influence
Thurgood Marshall's impact and influence started at a young age with the development and
guidance from his parents, William and Norma. They taught both he and his brother the importance
of education and to think and learn. It was his father that exposed Thurgood and his brother to the
aspects of the courtroom and the bases and practices of law. Their father would often get both of
them engaged in discussions concerning cases observed in the court and promoted the need to
debate their case. Both their parents were engaged in the boys' lives an ensured education was a
priority ("Thurgood Marshall," n.d.). Nevertheless as with any young boy in school, Thurgood did
challenge some of his teachers and found himself disciplined and having to ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The fact he was a minority faced with discrimination his path to fight for equal rights was
inevitable. He became one of most successful equal rights leaders and as one of the pioneers and
catalysis in the civil rights movement. His success and ability in the courtroom along with his
knowledge was noticed by many throughout the world to the point he was asked to assist in the
development of two countries' constitutions, Ghana and Tanzania ("Thurgood Marshall Biography,"
n.d.). Thurgood Marshall may not have been the most popular civil rights leader, but his work in the
courts proved he set the groundwork for other leaders like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X to
reach audiences vocally across the country in keeping the movement alive and moving forward. We
continue to see what he has done for equal rights and no matter your ethnicity, we all have benefited
by his gallantry actions of equal rights for all. It was not Thurgood Marshall's intent to draw
attention just to the black race or the less fortune, but to instill equal rights for all no matter their
race or

Essay on Thurgood Marshall's Fight for Equality
It was Thurgood Marshall who helped end legal segregation in the United States. He won Supreme
Court victories creating transportation for children, which proved that separate but equal, is not
equal. Marshall was able to prove to the Supreme Court that separate but equal was not equal by
using his legal expertise. Marshall was able to have a more direct influence on society and the way
the government was treating blacks at the time.
Thurgood Marshall also had the help of lawyer Kenneth Clark to solve the case of segregation.
Kenneth Clark conducted an experiment with the colored children at the school. To conduct the
experiment, Clark had several baby dolls, some were white, and some were colored. Clark asked the
children of the colored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Warren was automatically appointed because of the death of Chief Justice Venison. Warren
delivered the unanimous ruling in the civil rights case, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas. Warren helped with the most powerful point that Marshall made in his speech. Mr. Kelly
found a passage in the constitution that stated that the Congress had the power to desegregate things
if the people are being treated unfairly. The information would help the blacks greatly. Today a
passage from the 14th amendment states, ??All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they
reside. No State shall make or enforce any law, which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of
citizens of the United States, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property,
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws?? When Thugood Marshall presented himself to the Supreme Court, he conducted himself
calmly and powerfully. He explained to the Supreme Court that the only way for the law to fairly
rule against him is if they could find that whites were superior to blacks. Thurgood explained that
black children and white children would play outside but then are separated when attending school.
They would hold hands and play ball when they weren?t confined to a classroom. The

Brown V. Board Case Study
The decision carried out by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education did wonders
for the civil rights movement. By ending legal segregation and robbing it of its moral legitimacy,
Brown showed that the law was on the side of black Americans. Political cartoons for as long as
they have existed, have enabled the public and those less literate to stay informed on current cases
and political events. With a (lower literacy rate) compared to those of their white American
counterpart, these political cartoons were an excellent way to convey the importance of the Brown
v. Board case in a visual rather than written way. In the first political cartoon offered by the module,
from the San Francisco Chronicle, the statue of Abraham Lincoln ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the background there is a racehorse wearing a blanket that reads, "forced progress" being led by a
Supreme Court justice. The end of the cartoon alludes to desegregation, as it reads, "No job for a
race horse". President Eisenhower, president at the time of the Brown ruling, "privately fumed that
the decision carried out in Brown would 'set back progress in the South at least fifteen years'" (Text
25). This is a belief held by a majority of the white south as well as a few of the other justices of the
Supreme Court. However, Supreme Court justice, Warren recalled that the public education is
integral for the foundations of good citizenship. That, "in these days, it is doubtful that any child
may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education"
(Brown 4). Warren also goes on to remark that segregation fuels a feeling of inferiority that, "may
affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone" (4). For the Supreme Court, the
South was not going far enough at a quick enough pace for the future of desegregation. Seeing the
disastrous effects that segregation has on a race, the majority of the Supreme Court felt that contrary
to the founding's of the Plessy v. Ferguson case and the doctrine of "separate but equal" as they
firmly believed that "[s]eparate educational facilities are inherently unequal" (Brown

The Movie Marshall Movie
In the movie "Marshall" we take a look at one of Thurgood Marshall early cases. In "Marshall",
Thurgood starts off at a train station getting ready to board and some bad cats walk up to him and
started screaming obscene things at Thurgood. We see Thurgood going into the NAACP office and
someone is waiting for him to tell him he will be taking a rape case in New York. Thurgood tells his
wife that he will have to leave again for another court case. So he goes to New York and enlists the
help of local lawyer Samuel Friedman. Marshall needed a co–counselor based in Connecticut to
help him argue the case, someone more familiar with the laws and politics particular to the state.
Sam's response wasn't to welcoming. He felt like this was a case that could possible ruin his career.
He wanted nothing to do with it. After a few movie minutes we go to see the man accused of rape.
It's an African American male named Joseph Spell. Spell is accused of raping his former boss
Eleanor Strubing. Mrs.Strubing had come home from dinner with friends. She was fresh from the
shower and wearing only a robe when Spell knocked on her bedroom door and asked if he could
borrow some money. She claims Spell raped her made her get dressed took her downstairs, bound
her hands and feet, and raped her again. After forcing her to write a ransom note, he put her in the
car, cut off the bottom of her dress and gagged her with the remnant, and drove until a policeman
stopped the car. The officer did not

Groveland Boys : A Miscarriage Of Justice In Gilbert King...
The Groveland Boys: A Miscarriage of Justice Liberty Morse HIST 1221: Devil in the Grove Mary
Ludwig October 18, 2017 In the book Devil in the Grove, Gilbert King writes about the case of the
Groveland Four and the incredible career of Thorogood Marshall. This book is a broad sweep of the
unbelievable struggle against racism and the fight for civil rights in the Jim Crowe south. The case
of the Groveland Four shows how the social climate of the South allowed a racist Sheriff and other
people in power to intimidate, imprison and even lynch innocent black people. It took only an
unsubstantiated claim of one white woman to effectively end the lives of four black men and effect
the safety of a whole community. America has a long history of being cruel to the black minority
population. But during Jim Crow segregation the treatment of African Americans was at its worst.
This law made the white population of America treat African Americans as though they were
criminals and didn't belong in American society. Blacks during this difficult time could only earn a
living for themselves as slave labor under white families. For example, in Devil in the grove when a
black lawyer Ted Poston was "just coming down from the Jim Crow Balcony and looking for Frank
Williams another black lawyer who worked alongside him during the Groveland Boys case and
Ramona Lowe whom the two men had promised to give a ride home back to Tavares. But Poston
had lost her in the "sea of hostile white

Thurgood Marshall Case Study
In 1991, Thurgood Marshall, the first African–American to be designated to the United States
Supreme Court, chose to resign. For the duration of his life, Justice Marshall embodied a perfect of
authority in the legitimate battle for Civil Rights. In the 1950s, he drove the NAACP's noteworthy
fight against racial isolation in the Brown versus the Board of Education of Topeka case, which
looked to integrate the state funded schools. At the point when the case went in the witness of the
Supreme Court in May 1954, the Justices found Marshall's contentions persuading and decided that
"different instructive offices are innately unequal." Chief Justice Earl Warren contended that
isolating school kids on the premise of race "creates a sentiment inadequacy ... Show more content
Slope had worked for Thomas years before when he was leader of the Equal Employment
Opportunities Commission. Slope charged that Thomas bothered her with wrong dialog of sexual
acts and explicit movies after she rebuked his welcomes to date him. A media craze rapidly emerged
around Hill's assertions and Thomas' dissents. At the point when Thomas affirmed about Hill's cases
before the Senate Judiciary Committee, he called the hearings, "a cutting edge lynching for snooty
Blacks." The occurrence turned into one individual's assertion against another's. At last, the Senate
voted 52–48 to affirm Clarence Thomas as partner equity of the Supreme

Thurgood Marshall Summary
Marshall tells the story of Thurgood Marshall, and his campaign to end slavery in America.
Marshall worked for the NAACP as a lawyer, and traveled the country attempting to give blacks a
fair trial. Marshall doesn't focus on one of Thurgood's most important cases, nor does it focus on his
time as a supreme court Justice. Instead it focuses on one of the smaller cases he won, one that
occurred in Connecticut. When one thinks of the civil rights movement, the south comes up. But the
North also segregated against African–Americans, and barriers on employment, education and
residency, African–Americans were left with few options beyond domestic work of the type Spell
performed. Even blacks in the North needed protection, and this protection was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the case of Joseph Spell, a black chauffeur, who was accused of raping his employer, Mrs.
Strubing. Thurgood Marshal was sent by the NAACP to Connecticut to defend Joseph Spell. He
knew he needed a local lawyer to officially defend Spell, because he was not from Connecticut, and
he was black. So the NAACP hired Samuel Friedman, a white lawyer, to defend Spell. He was
reluctant to do it, but eventually agreed, to convince the court to allow Marshall to defend Spell, but
didn't want to tarnish his name by defending Spell. Once in court though, the judge refused
Marshalls proposition, and told him he could not speak in his courtroom. Friedman was forced to
become Spell's defense attorney, and Marshall was forced to watch without talking. The first time
Marshall talked to Spell, he claimed he didn't have sex with Strubing, and that she was making the
rape accusations up. Marshall and Friedman go to the reservoir, where allegedly, Spell threw Mrs.
Strubing into the water and pelted her with rocks. Marshal collected the only rocks around, and
these pebbles were used to discredit the witness. When Mrs. Strubing took the stand, Marshall,
through Friedman, proceeded to destroy her credibility. Friedman asked her why she never called
the cops, when their was a perfectly good phone right next to her bed. When she said Spell had a
knife to her throat the entire time, Friedman asked why she didn't cry out

The Case That Moved America
Working Title: The case that moved America Any child denied entry to any school due to their
ethnicity is automatically put at a disadvantage compared to other children. This case was originally
five different cases in different parts of the United States. These cases were all compounded into one
when appealed to the Supreme Court. Brown v. Board is the most historical revolutionary Civil
Rights case due to it forever changing the manner in which different races in America interact with
each other. Children segregated from other children because of their skin color not only causes them
to be more insecure, but it also causes a large knowledge gap between the segregated parties.
Children who are separated from others because of their skin color grow to develop their own
insecurities and diffidence. "After reviewing psychological studies showing black girls in segregated
schools had low racial self–esteem, the Court concluded that separating children on the basis of race
creates dangerous inferiority complexes that may adversely affect black children 's ability to learn"
(PBS). Races being divided by these social barriers create a disparity between them. It is unequal for
children of different races to be separated. Equal education is required in order to give all children
an equal chance at success and making differences. " Public education in the 20th century, said the
Court, had become an essential component of a citizen 's public life, forming the basis of democratic

Why Is Thurgood Marshall Important
Thurgood Marshall was a U.S. Supreme Court justice and civil right propagandist. Therefore,
Marshall earned an important place in American history on the basis of two accomplishments. First,
as legal counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), he
guided the prosecution that devastated the legal groundwork of Jim Crow segregation. Second, as an
associate justice of the Supreme Court and the nation's first black justice. He crafted a particular
jurisprudence distinguishable by uncompromising liberalism, unusual attentiveness to empirical
scrutiny beyond the formalities of law, and an indefatigable willingness to dissent. Thurgood
Marshall attended Baltimore's Colored High and Training School, where he ... Show more content
During this period, Thurgood was asked by the United Nations and the United Kingdom to help
allocate the constitutions of the emerging African nations of Ghana. It was perceived that the person
who so auspiciously fought for the virtue of America's tyrannized minority, would be the
impeccable choice to warrant the rights of the "White citizens," in these two former European
colonies. After accumulating an imposing record of Supreme Court opposition to state–sponsored
discriminatory chauvinism, including the landmark Brown v. Board decision in 1954, President
John F. Kennedy appointed Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
While in this position, he wrote over 150 decisions including support for the rights of immigrants,
limiting government intrusion in cases involving illegal search and seizure, double jeopardy, and
right to privacy issues. Biographers Michael Davis and Hunter Clark note that, "none of his 98
majority decisions was ever reversed by the Supreme Court." In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson
appointed Judge Marshall to the office of U.S. Solicitor General. Before his ensuing nomination to
the United States Supreme Court in 1967, Thurgood won 14 of the 19 cases he maintained before
the Supreme Court, on behalf of the government. Marshall's first victory before the Supreme Court
came in Chambers v. Florida (1940), in which he successfully defended four black men who had
been convicted of murder on the basis of confessions coerced from them by police. Another crucial
Supreme Court victory for Marshall came in the 1944 case of Smith v. Allwright, in which the Court
struck down the Democratic Party's use of whites–only primary elections in various Southern

Causes Of The Suffrage Cause
The Suffrage Cause
Is it true that when we see a disparity in society does it signal some sort of injustice? The question
takes on many facets of meaning as it pertains to the situations surrounding injustice. To selectively
name all the forms of injustices in disparity one would see in society we need only to look at our
past to determine our lack of progress in justice. A justice system that continues to allow the
existence of injustice will collapse over time. Dr. Martin Luther King stated "Injustice anywhere is a
threat to justice everywhere. John Rawls a major social and political philosopher of his time lived
during the framing of the U.S. Constitution would his thoughts of "inequalities are justified only if
they benefit the worst off" be placed in the preamble? No, I believe the framers were a seemly
homogenous group of all white men, educated in the finest schools and could be viewed as the most
privileged. I would have to agree with Justice Thurgood Marshall saying that "the Constitution was
defective from the start, that despite its first words, "We The People," it excluded "the majority of
American citizens" because it left out blacks and women. Justice Marshall further alleged that the
framers "could not have imagined, nor would they accepted, that the document they were drafting
would one day be interpreted by a Supreme Court to which had been appointed a woman and the
descendant of an African slave.
As the character, Hutch Hapgood, I am a

Research Paper On Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall was an amazing attorney, judge, and Supreme Court Justice.
He was crucial in getting Civil Rights legislation passed and making life equal for all races.
Marshall did many great things but to appreciate those we need to understand his background.
Thoroughgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother, Norma, was
a Kindergarten teacher and his father, William, was a club steward. In second grade Thoroughgood
shortened his name to Thurgood. His father used to listen to court cases and come home to discuss
them with his children which is where Marshall was introduced to law. Marshall went to high school
at Baltimore's Colored High and Training School where he was a member of the debate

Thurgood Marshall : A Story Of The Movie
On the thirteenth of October I was lucky enough to be able to view the movie Marshall with my
African American studies class. I watched the movie in the Amc Loews movie theatre The movie
was based on one of the many court cases that Thurgood was apart of. The movie gave a realistic
depiction of what it was like during Thurgood's time. It is important to note that the movie only
showed one case that Thurgood carried out and this case was chosen not only because he won it but
also because it showed how hard it was for him to speak out for the injustices going on at the time.
Following the movie I was honored by the appearance of Rahsaan Hall who made a visit to my
African American studies class to discuss not only his own life but also Thurgood Marshall, his
background of being a lawyer made him familiar with Thurgood's work. He studied went much
farther than the movie and was able to confirm that the movie gave an accurate depiction of
Thurgood Marshall. Today Hall much works for the Racial justice Program for the American Civil
Liberties Union of Massachusetts which address racial injustices much like Thurgood Marshall. He
The movie Marshall was about one of the cases of Thurgood Marshall, this case differed from all
other cases that Thurgood was a apart of because a racist judge ruled that he wasn't allowed to speak
during the case. He had to depend on a white lawyer by the name of Sam Friedman who wasn't
thought of as a capable lawyer because of his lack of

Thurgood Marshall was possibly one of the most important and influential people in our history. He
was from Baltimore, Maryland, and attended segregated schools growing up. He decided to go into
law, graduating first in his class at Howard University School of Law. He would eventually become
the first African American justice on the Supreme Court. In this essay I will investigate the life, the
career, and the legacy of Thurgood Marshall. First, I will inform you about his life. Thurgood
Marshall was born July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. His name was Thuroughgood, but changed
it to Thurgood because it was easier to say and that was how everyone pronounced it. Growing up,
he attended Baltimore's then segregated schools. His parents instilled in him great racial pride. His
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began his career of law after graduating with honors from Lincoln University and graduating
first in his class at Howard University. One of his first legal victories was suing the University of
Maryland, which he applied to, for denying an African American applicant's admission based on
race. One of his other first cases was Murray v. Pearson, and he was also involved in the famous
case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. He became the first African American justice on the
Supreme Court after being nominated to the position by John F. Kennedy. Over his years on his
career of law, Thurgood Marshall won 29 of the 32 cases he was involved in. Finally, I will inform
you about his legacy. Thurgood Marshall's legacy still lives on today. Segregation is no longer
present in today's America, and he is a leader who helped change that. Racism is practically
considered illegal, and it is definitely considered taboo. He greatly influenced the rise of African
Americans in American culture and society. In the last years of his career, the judicial branch was
taken over by conservatives, and after he retired in 1991, he became known as "the Great

Early Life and Schooling Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2,1908 in Baltimore,Maryland. His
parents were William and Norma Marshall and his brother was William A. Marshall. His mother
was a schoolteacher and his father was a railroad porter. His parents pushed him and his brother to
get their education. His father was fascinated with trials and took Thurgood to as many public trials
as he could. "Marshall's exposure to the law and the Constitution was unusually early"(Thurgood
Marshall)
Thurgood went to the non white high school in Baltimore. He was a mischievous but a great
student. Whenever he got in trouble in school, his principal made him go to the basement of the
school and memorize parts of the US constitution. He memorized the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
None of them were overturned by the Supreme Court. After his four years of being President,
Lyndon B. Johnson let Thurgood Marshall serve as the first African American US solicitor general.
A solicitor is an attorney that is made to argue on the behalf of the federal government before the
Supreme Court. He served for 2 years and won 14 out of 19 cases before the Supreme Court.
Supreme Court In 1967 president Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Thurgood Marshall to Supreme
Court. On October 2, 1967 he was sworn into the Supreme Court. He used his position to help end
segregation. He won 29 out of 32 cases he argued before court. Justice Marshall served on the
Supreme Court for 24 years until 1991. "Justice Marshall established a record for supporting
voiceless Americans" (Thurgood Marshall,Supreme Court Justice)
Later Life Justice Marshall was forced to give up his seat in 1991 because of illness. He enjoyed
spending time with his family. Justice Marshall lived to see his actions take place. He showed that
people can change their home country to something better. Thurgood Marshall died from heart
failure on January 24,1993. He proved that people are all equal no matter who they are. He made a
big impact on the civil rights

Integrating Schools
Integrating schools was the first major step for equal rights among races because it caused hope for
equality and a starting place for civil rights. Integrating schools should be the first step organizations
or people take before going for major things such as transportation and voting. If they go about it
the other way around, they may very well be rejected. Before an actual organization or idea for civil
rights or equality, the country used the 14th amendment to say that everyone had "equal" status as
US citizens. But this was most definitely not true, especially in the South. Some laws actually
inhibited people of color. These were known as "Jim Crow Laws". One African American man
named Plessy, who tried sitting on a train seat in New Orleans and had to give up his seat for a white
passenger, was arrested for arguing that he shouldn't have to give it up. He was arrested. He took
these inequalities to the Supreme Court. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One big organization that fought for civil rights was The National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) founded in 1909. Among this group were two men named Charles
Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall went through the education road to get to equality. They
believed that the best way to go about ending Jim Crow Laws was to use the education field.
Marshall fought against Maryland for black students so that they could be allowed into the Law
school if they were qualified and not just based on their skin color. He included the 14th amendment
in his argument and the Court decided to allow black students into the University. The way that this
helps is that African Americans can learn how to operate in a court room and later on down the road
support civil rights in the court room – one of the more important places for civil rights. Another
example was when an African American student tried to apply to the law school

Thurgood Marshall (NAACP)
When I joined the NAACP, I never could have imagined Thurgood Marshall, the head Special
Counsel ("Thurgood Marshall"), would bring me into the biggest case of my career. In my times at
Northeastern University Law School, I had written countless papers on the Supreme Court decisions
preceding Brown v. Board of Education; and now I would be collaborating with the greatest
attorneys the NAACP had to offer.
Representing over 200 plaintiffs from Kansas, Delaware, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington,
D.C. (Conaway, Judith 15), the enormity of the case hung over my head as the train inched closer
and closer to the city and the NAACP's New York office. I flipped over my copy of the New York
Times, reading the column about the case once more, "Certainly no lawyer, and practically no
member of the bench, had Thurgood Marshall's grasp of the doctrine of law as it affects civil rights"
("Thurgood Marshall"). I disembarked the "whites–only" car and began my walk towards the
NAACP National Office. As I sat in the waiting room of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Placed before the most powerful attorneys the Legal Defense Fund had to offer were two dolls, one
black and one white. Kenneth Clark, the psychologist used in the lower courts for Boiling v. Sharpe,
had used these same dolls to support the detrimental effect of school segregation on children. To
prove this, Kenneth Clark asked black children questions relating to the dolls. When asked to
identify the "bad" doll, two–thirds (Good, Diane L. 28) of the black participants pointed at the doll
matching their skin tone. Yet when asked which doll they relate to the most, the children pointed to
the same "bad" doll, emphasizing the effects on children's self esteem. But today, rather than
children viewing the dolls, the attorneys would put themselves in the place of the participants and
take part in the

Thurgood Marshall During the 20th century I have read many books, newspaper articles and seen
news broadcasts on two of the most famous Afro American Pioneers: Martin Luther King and
Thurgood Marshall. Martin Luther King fought all his life for equal rights for Afro Americans, but
Thurgood Marshall help elevate the Afro American civil rights struggles through legal precedents
and timely court decisions. Thomas G. Kraftenmaker a professor of Constitutional law at
Georgetown University Law Center wrote, "When I think of great American lawyers I think of
Thurgood Marshall, Abe Lincoln and Daniel Webster". In this century only Earl Warren approaches
Marshall. Thurgood Marshall is certainly the most important lawyer of the 20th century. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1934 Thurgood begins work for The NAACP. In 1935 Thurgood and his friend and mentor
Charles Huston won their first civil rights case Murray v. Pearson. Today most Afro Americans don't
realize how important a role Thurgood played in shaping the legal precedents for school
segregation. Thurgood hated the ideal of our young and proud Afro Americans boys and girls having
to travel outside their school districts just to attend colored schools, because their local elementary
and high schools were not segregated. . Thurgood fought hard and vigorously to bring about a
change in elementary and high school segregation. In 1954 Thurgood conquers a big milestone in
winning his famous case Brown v. The Board of Education, of Topeka Kansas. The United States
Supreme Court ruled that all elementary and high schools will be segregated. From 1940–1960s
Thurgood's name became a main stayed within the Afro American Communities. Afro Americans
from many cities would call upon Thurgood for his services. Thurgood would work for free, just to
help and defend his people. Then in February 1955 Thurgood's wife Vivan became very ill from
cancer, and she eventually died. Thurgood was so saddened that he remained single for two years.
Thurgood then met and eventually married his second wife Cecilia Suyat. (Born as a Philippine).
Cecilia was a secretary for The NAACP Office. Thurgood and Cecilia had two sons: Thomas Jr. and
John. Thurgood's biggest

How Did Thurgood Marshall Contribute To Criminal Justice
Thurgood Marshall was the 96th justice, and the first African American justice to serve in the
Supreme Court in the history of United States. Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908, in
Baltimore, Maryland to William Marshall and Norma Marshall. As a child, his parents taught him to
respect The U. S Constitution and the rule of law. He attended Baltimore's Colored High and
Training School and graduated in 1926. In high school he was a troublemaker and as a punishment
he was told to memorize the entire U. S Constitution, which became useful later in his life. Later on,
he went to attend Lincoln University, which was an HBCU, where he was suspended two times for
playing pranks on other students. He also got involved in some protests against ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1930 he graduated with honors in Bachelor of Arts in Humanities, with a major in American
literature and philosophy. Afterwards, he applied to University of Maryland School of Law but was
rejected because of his race. He went on to apply to Howard University, another HBCU, and in 1933
he graduated first in his class. Also, while in Howard University he became under the influence of
the dean, Charles Houston who impacted Thurgood Marshall with his views on discrimination. After
graduation, he joined the NAACP and became its legal counsel in 1936. During the time when he
was working for the NAACP he helped African Americans by eliminating the " separate but equal "
rule. In 1961, he was appointed as a judge for the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals by President
John F. Kennedy. Later, in 1965 he was appointed the first black U.S. solicitor general by President
Lyndon B. Johnson. After two years, in 1967 President Johnson appointed him as a Supreme Court
justice, and he became the first African American justice to serve in the Court. He served 24 years
on the Court after he retired in 1991. On January 24, 1993, Thurgood Marshall died due to
congestive heart

Why Is Thurgood Marshall Significant
What was the short term significance of Thurgood Marshall in 1947–1967?
Thurgood Marshall was significant as he was the first African–American to be appointed a position
in the U.S Supreme Court, in 1967. His significance to civil rights is evident between 1947 and
1967, in one contemporary newspaper he was even referred to as "Mr Civil Rights". In 1947–1961
Thurgood worked as the NAACP's lawyer, where he argued his most famous cases – Brown v
Topeka (1954) and Browder v Gayle (1956). Furthermore, the appointments by both, President John
F. Kennedy and President Johnson, are significant in themselves because he was the first African–
American to be appointed to the Supreme Court. Despite his influence on the civil rights movement,
Thurgood took a lot of criticism which effected his attitudes towards other people involved with the
civil rights movement and, in general.
Thurgood Marshall's position in the Supreme Court as the NAACP's lawyer is extremely significant.
The segregation within school systems following the "separate but equal" legislation passed by the
court, Plessy v Ferguson case, was something he continuously challenged. In 1934 he first
represented the NAACP as their lawyer in the court case of Murray v Pearson, following this he was
successful in winning 29 of 32 civil rights cases against the Supreme Court in 1950s. The most
famous cases he argued were Browder v Gayle (1956) and Brown v Board of Education (1954), in
these cases he was able to adjust and change

The Importance of Brown V. The Board of Education Essay
The Importance of Brown V. The Board of Education To understand the importance of Brown V.
The Board of Education of Topeka, one must take into account the gravity of the prevailing law and
attitude that existed in 1954. In 1896, the Supreme Court established the "separate but equal"
doctrine in the case of Plessy V. Ferguson. Essentially the court was saying that blacks should be
treated equally but due to an obvious difference, race, blacks could be treated equally but separate.
Justice Henry Brown wrote in his majority opinion; "The object of the Fourteenth Amendment was
undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of
things it could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact a series of cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia and Delaware all found their way to
the Supreme Court. But a distinguished attorney with the NAACP named Thurgood Marshall
brought Linda Browns case to prominence. By this time, Thurgood Marshall was an experienced
Supreme Court advocate. He had already challenged all white primary elections in Smith V.
Allwright, and restrictive covenants in Shelley V. Kraemer. His style was straightforward and
plainspoken. He held no punches and got to his point without a lot of dramatics. When asked for a
definition of the word "equal" by Justice Felix Frankfurter, Marshall replied, "Equal means getting
the same thing, at the same time, and in the same place."2 This was the basis of his case. Chief
Justice Earl Warren presided over the case, and on May 17, 1954 decided in Brown's favor. In a
brief, unanimous opinion delivered by Warren, the Court declared that; "separate education facilities
are inherently unequal"3 and that racial segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th
amendment, thus overruling the Plessy case. Many Americans praised Warren's decision agreeing
that in

Thurgood Marshall
denied her entrance based on race. She was willing to postpone her career and take the matter to
court. The District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma did not grant Sipuel admission to the
university. She took the matter to the Supreme Court with Thurgood Marshal representing her. They
received a ruling in favor of her admittance to the university. Although segregation was practiced,
cases were being fought and individuals were not keeping quiet. It was becoming more and more on
the forefront. Thurgood Marshal came from a family that were once slaves, including his father and
grandfather. Marshall set a precedence of achievement all through school and had further
educational ambitions. He grew up in an average income home. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to further his ability to provide for his family. In 1961. Thurgood was nominated by
President Kennedy to a new seat on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in New York. (Dudziak,
2008, p. 101). Marshall was frustrated at how long the confirmation process took. He was given a
recess appointment to sit as a judge along with several other nominees until the process was
complete. This was a long year for Marshall. It took a year to get through all the red tape of FBI
investigation into his background. In 1962 Thurgood was finally appointed and thrilled. Linda Carol
Brown was an eight year old girl. Her parents wanted her to attend an all white school in their
neighborhood as opposed to being bused to an all black school far from their home. This was the
beginning of Brown v. Board of Education. Brown v. Board of Education overturned segregation in
the public school system. The central issue of Brown v. Board was desegregating schools and
providing educational equality for children. Brown v. Board incorporated five separate cases.
Thurgood Marshall was the representing attorney. The five cases represented were, Belton (Bulah)
v. Gebhart (Delaware), Bolling v. Sharpe (District of Columbia), Brown v. Board of Education
(Kansas), Briggs v. Elliot (South Carolina), and Davis v. County School Board

The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court Essay
The Brethren – Inside the Supreme Court: Book Review
The Brethren, co–authored by Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong, is an in–depth documentary of
the United States Supreme Court from 1969 to 1975, under the leadership of Warren Burger. The
book attempts to present the reader with what "really" goes on in the Supreme Court. It describes
the conferences, the personality of justices, and how justice's feel toward each other, items which
are generally hidden from the public. This book is comparable to a lengthy newspaper article.
Written more as a source of information than of entertainment, The Brethren is the brutal truth, but
not boring. The storytelling is clearly slanted against the Burger court but the overall quality of the
work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rehnquist approved a play put on by the clerk's in which all the justices by the Chief found
amusing. Burger circulated a memo graciously thanking Rehnquist for his work on the party.
However at the next opportunity of case assignment's the junior justice found himself given only
one: an insignificant Indian tax dispute.
Woodward describes time and time again cases where the Burger would switch his vote to a
majority's just for the purposes of assigning the majority opinion. Also as Chief Justice, he would
wait to vote until all the other Justices have cast theirs. At first, he used this tactic to influence the
scope and direction of the decision. The book describes how Burger changed his conference votes
so he could assign the majority opinion of the court, angering William Douglas and William
Brennen. He also describes how Thurgood Marshall greeted Burger "Hey chiefy baby", getting a
kick out of making him feel uncomfortable. The reader sees how Harry Blackmun agonized at being
considered Burger's "boy" which eventually led to his breaking away from the conservative wing of
the court. Woodward also tells of the lack of respect the justices had for the abilities of Chief Justice
Burger, who wrote poorly reasoned opinions that embarrassed some members of the court.
The book shows how justices grow into their roles, either as a dealmaker or dissenter or leader. This
process sometimes takes many years. Justices mature and see

Change In Society With Supreme Court Cases

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