its about perception in the organization. make employee understand the importance of how to interact with other colleague.

1. CHAPTER 3
PERCEPTION
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
BY THE END OF THIS CHAPTER, YOU
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
The Great Nature Brand Identity
Our Brand Strategy
Logo
Colors
Typography

3. The Great Nature
WHAT OUR BRAND STANDS FOR
Presentations are communication tools that can be
used as demonstrations, lectures, reports, and more.

4. A process which involves
classifying,interpreting,and giving
meanings to what is happening and
what we see around us
PERCEPTION

5. Process of
Perception INFORMATION
PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
RESPONSE

6. FACTORS
INFLUENCING
PERCEPTION

7. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION
Atittude, Motives, Interest,
Experiences, Expectations
PERCEIVER
Novelty, Motion, Sounds,
Proximity, Size/Background
OBJECT OR TARGET
time, Work Environment, Social
Environment
SITUATION

8. PERCEIVER
A person who makes
perception regarding others.
Different characteristics in
perceiver affects greately how
individual perceives others in
the environmental situation.

9. OBJECT OR TARGET
It is important to know that we
do not identify target in
isolation, but the relationship of
the target to the background .

10. SITUATION
The context in which we
see an object or
experience an event.

11. PERCEPTUAL
DISTORTIONS

12. PERCEPTUAL DISTORTION
A process where people use shortcuts to
give meaning to an object or target.

13. THE COMMON SHORTCUTS
SELECTIVE
PERCEPTION
HALO
EFFECT
SIMILAR-TO-ME
(PROJECTION)
FIRST
IMPRESSION
ERROR
STEREOTYPING
CONTRAST
EFFECT

14. SELECTIVE
PERCEPTION
The tendency to focus on
certain aspect while ignoring
the others.

15. HALO EFFECT
The tendency to draw a
general impression on a
single characteristic.

16. SIMILAR-TO-ME
EFFECT
(PROJECTION)
The tendency for people to
perceive others who are
similar to themselves.

17. FIRST IMPRESSION
ERROR
The tendency of people to
judge others based on the
initial judgement of the
individual in question.

18. STEREOTYPING
The assumption that all
members of a specific group
behave in a similar way
because the have the same
characteristics.

19. CONTRAST EFFECT
A scenario where we tend to
compare one situation or
event to another similar
situation or event that has
happened before.

20. MANAGING
PERCEPTUAL
DISTORTIONS

21. HIGH LEVEL OF
SELF-AWARENESS
Be aware of the issues surrounding
us and try to understand the
situation first.

22. SEEK INFORMATION
FROM VARIOUS
SOURCES
Seek and get information from as
many sources as possible to
reconfirm the accuracy of the
information.

23. BE EMPATHETIC
Put ourselves in that particular
situation before making any
judgements and making decisions.

24. HELP TO RECTIFY
INCORRECT PERCEPTIONS
Those who knows the truth must
take responsibility to inform the
correct situation to others.

25. AVOID COMMON
PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS
Everyone needs to ensure to avoid
common perceptual distortion.

26. KELLY’S
ATTRIBUTION
THEORY

27. Kelly’s Attribution
Theory
HAROLD KELLY
• A theory which explains why people tend to make
judgements on and assign reasons to other
people’s behaviour.
• It can either be an internal or externnal cause
based on three factors:
⚬ Distictiveness
⚬ Consensus
⚬ Consistency

28. DISTINCTIVENESS
The individual reacts in the
same manner in other
situations.

29. CONSENSUS
The individual together with
other people would give similar
reactions to a same situation.

30. CONSISTENCY
The individual whom we are
judging give similar reactions to
different situations.

31. SELF-FULFILLING
PROPHERCY:
THE PYGMALION
EFFECT

32. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHERCY
The tendency for someone’s
expectation to cause that
person to behave in a manner
consistent with the expectation.

33. Self-Fulfillig Prophecy
PYGMALION
EFFECT
Positive Effects
GOLEM
EFFECT
Negative Effects

34. LEARNING

35. LEARNING
• Through learning we will acquire new
knowledge which sunsequently allows
us to adopt behaviours.
• There are 3 behaviour theories:
⚬ Classical conditioning
⚬ Operant conditioning
⚬ Social Learning

36. CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
We react and respond due to the
influence of something external and
it leads us to respond in a specific
way of behaving.
IVAN PAVLOV
1900s

37. OPERANT CONDITIONING
A learning process which occurs
through rewards and punishments
for behaviour.

38. SOCIAL LEARNING
A learning process where we learn
through observation and direct
experience.

39. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
MODELLING PROCESS INVOLVES SEVERAL STEPS:
ATTENTION
PROCESS
People pay
attention to the
features of the
modelled
behaviour
RETENTION
PROCESS
REPRODUCTION
PROCESS
REINFORCEMENT
PROCESS
The influence of
the model on us
even though the
model is no longer
available
the behaviour
which a person
learns needs to be
demonstrated and
reproduced
people will be
motivated to
follow if the
behaviour is linked
to positive
incentives.

40. SCHEDULES OF
REINFORCEMENT

41. TYPES OF
REINFORCEMENT
CONTINUOUS
A desired
behaviour is
reinforced every
single time it
occurs
INTERMITTENT
It does not occur
all the time and
reinforcement
will be given
often as to
ensure that a
behaviour is
worth repeating

42. LET'S!

43. • What is perception?
• What are the factors influencing a person in
making perceptions?
• Identify and explain the 6 common perceptual
distortions that can hinder accurate
perception.
• what is learning?