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25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

MANAGING DIVERSITY
Gender Stereotypes : Moving forward together !
Gender stereotypes study (IMS, 2012)

Maureen BOIS (2004)
Patrick SCHARNITZKY
Affiliate Professor ESCP Europe

Human Resource & Change Management Manager
BEARING POINT

Emmanuelle LEON

Karine CONTE (1989)

Professor ESCP Europe
Scientific Director of the Advanced Master in HR
& Organizational Management

Laurent DEPOND (1986)

Manufacturing School Manager, RENAULT

VP Diversity & Inclusion, ORANGE

Stéphanie GUEDEZ (2012)
Diversity & Inclusion Manager, AIRBUS
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

WHY STEREOTYPES ?

Managing Diversity : 2 strategies
PROCESS

MENTALITIES
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

STEREOTYPES

IN HEAVEN
The French are the cooks
The Italians are the lovers
The English are the police officers
The Germans are the workers
And everything is organised by the
Swiss
IN HELL
The English are the cooks
The Swiss are the lovers
The Germans are the police officers
The French are the workers
And everything is organised by the
Italians
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

Research program :
• 2011 : Stereotypes and disability
• 2012 : Gender stereotypes
• 2014 : Stereotypes and origins

Financial support from F.S.E.
and 9 companies
About 900 managers

www.valeursetdeveloppement.com
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

3 STEREOTYPES
HETERO

AUTO

META
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

4 MAIN RESULTS



MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of
view about women and men



CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine
environment but « integrated » by women



SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization,
defense strategies which are ineffective



JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify
stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

4 MAIN RESULTS



MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of
view about women and men



CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine
environment but « integrated » by women



SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization,
defense strategies which are ineffective



JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify
stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

MASCULINE
COMPETENCIES
EXPERTISE
KNOWLEDGE

As seen by men
27,5

SOFT SKILL

As seen by women

11,9
60,6

33,6

FEMININE
COMPETENCIES

10,1
56,3
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

Content of free associations
(men’s and women’s answers)
MASCULINE
COMPETENCIES

FEMININE
COMPETENCIES

KNOWLEDGE

Logical intelligence,
analytical skills

Intuitive intelligence,
creativity

EXPERTISE

Doing orientation, strategy,
leadership, authority

Organisation, rigour, attention
to detail, teamwork

SOFT SKILLS

Negotiation, stress
management, communication

Listening skills, empathy,
tact, sensitivity
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

4 MAIN RESULTS



MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of
view about women and men



CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine
environment but « integrated » by women



SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization,
defense strategies which are ineffective



JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify
stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

STEREOTYPES
+

AUTO

HETERO

META

5,0
4,6
4,1

-

3,7

Women

3,9

4,6

Men
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

As managers, men
appreciate women …
Women
managers
Women

As managers, women
appreciate women …
Women managers

Women top
leaders

Women

Women top
leaders

Managers’ point of
view (men)

Managers’ point of
view (women)

… who « remain at their place » !

… who are similar to them !
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

4 MAIN RESULTS



MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of
view about women and men



CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine
environment but « integrated » by women



SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization,
defense strategies which are ineffective



JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify
stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

Self-limitation
THE GLASS CEILING

Men

Women

INTERNAL CAUSES

20 %

34 %

41 %

51 %

INTERNAL CAUSES

Men

Women

Women limit themselves

29 %

54 %

Women are less attracted by power

40 %

49 %

Linked to women themselves

EXTERNAL CAUSES
Independent of women
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

Masculinization
Women are sometimes harder than men in their
management

85 %

Women become more career-oriented than men

53 %

Women can be very tough with their female colleagues

44 %

“Some women could be a role model for other women. Instead they are killers, they say to
themselves : ‘I suffered to reach that level, so they have to suffer as well!’”
« In a feedback after an interview, we spoke about my eyes, the way I dress... I took it into
account, it is scandalous but it has forced me to move forward, I had to change “
“ Women who have important responsibilities should be exemplary. But they are sometimes
worse than men! We really do not want to be like them!»
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

4 MAIN RESULTS



MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of
view about women and men



CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine
environment but « integrated » by women



SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization,
defense strategies which are ineffective



JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify
stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

Discrimination feeling
MEN

WOMEN

With otherwise equal skills, are men better
paid than women?

34 %

67 %

Do men and women have equal access to
internal promotion?

67 %

39 %

Is it more difficult for a woman to become a
top manager?

42 %

71 %

Link with stereotypes :

The stronger the feeling
of discrimination among managers toward women, the
stronger and more negative their stereotypes
25 ANS
MS Management des RH et
des Organisations

MANAGING DIVERSITY
Gender Stereotypes : Moving forward together !

Maureen BOIS (2004)
Patrick SCHARNITZKY
Affiliate Professor ESCP Europe

Human Resource & Change Management Manager
BEARING POINT

Emmanuelle LEON

Karine CONTE (1989)

Professor ESCP Europe
Scientific Director of the Advanced Master in HR
& Organizational Management

Laurent DEPOND (1986)

Manufacturing School Manager, RENAULT

VP Diversity & Inclusion, ORANGE

Stéphanie GUEDEZ (2012)
Diversity & Inclusion Manager, AIRBUS

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Slides conférence dday

  • 1. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations MANAGING DIVERSITY Gender Stereotypes : Moving forward together ! Gender stereotypes study (IMS, 2012) Maureen BOIS (2004) Patrick SCHARNITZKY Affiliate Professor ESCP Europe Human Resource & Change Management Manager BEARING POINT Emmanuelle LEON Karine CONTE (1989) Professor ESCP Europe Scientific Director of the Advanced Master in HR & Organizational Management Laurent DEPOND (1986) Manufacturing School Manager, RENAULT VP Diversity & Inclusion, ORANGE Stéphanie GUEDEZ (2012) Diversity & Inclusion Manager, AIRBUS
  • 2. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations WHY STEREOTYPES ? Managing Diversity : 2 strategies PROCESS MENTALITIES
  • 3. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations STEREOTYPES IN HEAVEN The French are the cooks The Italians are the lovers The English are the police officers The Germans are the workers And everything is organised by the Swiss IN HELL The English are the cooks The Swiss are the lovers The Germans are the police officers The French are the workers And everything is organised by the Italians
  • 4. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations Research program : • 2011 : Stereotypes and disability • 2012 : Gender stereotypes • 2014 : Stereotypes and origins Financial support from F.S.E. and 9 companies About 900 managers www.valeursetdeveloppement.com
  • 5. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 3 STEREOTYPES HETERO AUTO META
  • 6. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 4 MAIN RESULTS  MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of view about women and men  CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine environment but « integrated » by women  SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization, defense strategies which are ineffective  JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify stereotypes
  • 7. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 4 MAIN RESULTS  MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of view about women and men  CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine environment but « integrated » by women  SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization, defense strategies which are ineffective  JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify stereotypes
  • 8. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations MASCULINE COMPETENCIES EXPERTISE KNOWLEDGE As seen by men 27,5 SOFT SKILL As seen by women 11,9 60,6 33,6 FEMININE COMPETENCIES 10,1 56,3
  • 9. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations Content of free associations (men’s and women’s answers) MASCULINE COMPETENCIES FEMININE COMPETENCIES KNOWLEDGE Logical intelligence, analytical skills Intuitive intelligence, creativity EXPERTISE Doing orientation, strategy, leadership, authority Organisation, rigour, attention to detail, teamwork SOFT SKILLS Negotiation, stress management, communication Listening skills, empathy, tact, sensitivity
  • 10. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 4 MAIN RESULTS  MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of view about women and men  CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine environment but « integrated » by women  SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization, defense strategies which are ineffective  JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify stereotypes
  • 11. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations STEREOTYPES + AUTO HETERO META 5,0 4,6 4,1 - 3,7 Women 3,9 4,6 Men
  • 12. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations As managers, men appreciate women … Women managers Women As managers, women appreciate women … Women managers Women top leaders Women Women top leaders Managers’ point of view (men) Managers’ point of view (women) … who « remain at their place » ! … who are similar to them !
  • 13. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 4 MAIN RESULTS  MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of view about women and men  CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine environment but « integrated » by women  SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization, defense strategies which are ineffective  JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify stereotypes
  • 14. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations Self-limitation THE GLASS CEILING Men Women INTERNAL CAUSES 20 % 34 % 41 % 51 % INTERNAL CAUSES Men Women Women limit themselves 29 % 54 % Women are less attracted by power 40 % 49 % Linked to women themselves EXTERNAL CAUSES Independent of women
  • 15. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations Masculinization Women are sometimes harder than men in their management 85 % Women become more career-oriented than men 53 % Women can be very tough with their female colleagues 44 % “Some women could be a role model for other women. Instead they are killers, they say to themselves : ‘I suffered to reach that level, so they have to suffer as well!’” « In a feedback after an interview, we spoke about my eyes, the way I dress... I took it into account, it is scandalous but it has forced me to move forward, I had to change “ “ Women who have important responsibilities should be exemplary. But they are sometimes worse than men! We really do not want to be like them!»
  • 16. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations 4 MAIN RESULTS  MARS AND VENUS : A shared AND differentiated point of view about women and men  CLOSED CIRCUIT : Stereotypes coming from a masculine environment but « integrated » by women  SELF-DEFENSE : Self-limitation and masculinization, defense strategies which are ineffective  JUSTIFICATION : A discrimination feeling leading to justify stereotypes
  • 17. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations Discrimination feeling MEN WOMEN With otherwise equal skills, are men better paid than women? 34 % 67 % Do men and women have equal access to internal promotion? 67 % 39 % Is it more difficult for a woman to become a top manager? 42 % 71 % Link with stereotypes : The stronger the feeling of discrimination among managers toward women, the stronger and more negative their stereotypes
  • 18. 25 ANS MS Management des RH et des Organisations MANAGING DIVERSITY Gender Stereotypes : Moving forward together ! Maureen BOIS (2004) Patrick SCHARNITZKY Affiliate Professor ESCP Europe Human Resource & Change Management Manager BEARING POINT Emmanuelle LEON Karine CONTE (1989) Professor ESCP Europe Scientific Director of the Advanced Master in HR & Organizational Management Laurent DEPOND (1986) Manufacturing School Manager, RENAULT VP Diversity & Inclusion, ORANGE Stéphanie GUEDEZ (2012) Diversity & Inclusion Manager, AIRBUS