How Technology Has Changed Anthropology

How Technology has Changed Anthropology
How technology has changed Anthropology
"Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities" –
Alfred L. Kroeber
Anthropology is holistic. Humans are social beings more than anything, but with underlying
psychological, biological and cultural connotations. The field of anthropology encompasses
everything and anything having to do with humankind throughout history. Anthropology attempts to
answer the tough questions about the human condition. What influences our actions? How has our
species changed? Why do we look down on other cultures or societies? The questions are endless. It
is the anthropologists' job to try and answer them with unbiased subjectivity in order to come
analytical conclusions about us as humans. (Kottak 14). To understand humans and the complexity
of our cultures anthropology uses knowledge not only from the social and biological sciences, but
also the physical sciences and humanities. In order to cover such a wide base of human history and
interaction, anthropology itself has been split up into four different subsets that allow us to delve
deeper into the understanding of the human condition. What is common throughout all the subsets is
the application of knowledge in an effort to solve human problems. Throughout history though, the
problems we have faced as humans have not always been the same. In fact they often change from
generation to generation. For anthropology to keep up with these changes it's had to
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The Father Of American Anthropology
"If we were to select the most intelligent, imaginative, energetic, and emotionally stable third of
mankind, all races would be present." – Franz Boas Franz Boas has been called the "Father of
American Anthropology." Dr. Boas did not obtain his degree in anthropology, but went on to help
create the four fields of anthropology and teach many of the most well–known anthropologists of
today. His contributions to the field of cultural anthropology alone are magnificent, Dr. Boas and his
students had managed to completely alter how we as a society viewed race and culture. On July 9,
1859 in Minden, Westphalia, Germany Franz Boas was born. Boaz was from a Jewish family his
grandparents were conservative, and his parents were very liberal. However, Boaz did not view
himself as Jewish, but rather German instead. At a young age Boaz had spent his time reading due to
poor health, he would later be engrossed with natural science and the history of culture. When Boaz
attended Heidelberg his main focus of study was mathematics and physics, then in 1881 he
graduated Kiel University with his Ph. D in physics and a minor in geography. In 1883 Boas had
went to Baffin Island in the artic to conduct geographical research. Once there he became fascinated
with non–Western cultures, and upon his subsequent return home Boaz had decided to devote his
time to anthropology. Later in 1885 Boas had gone to work with Rudolph Virchow, and Adolf
Bastian. Boas had worked more closely with Bastian who

Ged 210 Unit 1 Examination Answers
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1. Which of the following would not be considered a specialization within the discipline of physical
anthropology?
human anatomy
paleopathology
primatology
phonology 1. The material products of former societies are known as:
artifacts
fossils
legacies
antiquaries 1. Anthropologist, Spencer Wells, is the director of the geographic project which is:
making significant contributions to the philosophy of archaeology. ... Show more content on
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Navajo sand paintings.
the Big Bang theory. 1. __________ may occur when one dominant group in a complex society
imposes its cultural beliefs on subordinate ethnic groups. For example, the dominant ethnic group in
the U.S. during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (the white, Anglo–Saxon Protestants) was
able to impose its language, cultural beliefs, and practices on other minority groups in U.S. society.
Cultural hegemony
Cultural chaos
Multiculturalism
Ethnic superiority 1. Norms are:
prohibitions against a particular kind of behavior.
values that are accepted by every human society.
a given society's rules for right and wrong behavior.
individuals who look like the majority of people. 1. In her classic work Patterns of Culture (1934),
Ruth Benedict used the terms "apollonian" and "dionysian" to describe:
cultural "personalities" of pueblo and plains Indians.
religious cults of northern and southern Greece.
rituals of warfare and celebration in the South Pacifi

contrasting models of cultural diffusion. 1. Margaret Mead got most of her information on the
behavior of adolescents in Samoa from:
accounts of travelers and missionaries.
newspaper accounts and government reports.
watching ethnographic films.
interviewing young women. 1. The central object of Mead's study, Coming of Age in Samoa (1928),
was to determine whether or not:
kinship patterns in

Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis
Every work of art has some sort of underlie meaning. Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" is widely
regarded as one of the most notable works of fiction of the twentieth century. Gregor Samsa wakes
up to find himself as a massive bug and must face new absurdities that life has thrown at him.
Throughout the novella, Kafka heavily uses symbolism; some even say that the story itself is just
one, large symbol. Symbolism is an important literary element that enhances the text to provide a
deeper understanding of the conflict, an insight of the characters themselves, and develops the theme
of the story. Symbolism enables the reader to truly understand who the character are and what's
going on in their mind. In "The Metamorphosis," Gregor is turned into a giant, disgusting bug. This
transformation is one of the more major symbols: self perception. Gregor thinks very poorly of
himself and his self image is so faulty that he he perceives himself as a bug. The text describes a
picture of a woman in Gregor's room as "...a lady done up in a fur boa, sitting upright and raising up
against a metal window ledge–completely depressed him" (Kafka 1157). This woman represents
loneliness and a longing for social interaction. Gregor is obviously a lonely soul and wishes to have
some sort of relationship between another person. These ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Gregor's sister, Grete, clears out his room: "...she got it into her head to make it possible for Gregor
to crawl on an altogether wider scale by taking out the furniture that stood in his way" (Kafka ll75).
Grete taking out Gregor's things represents that Gregor's humanity has been stripped away. No more
is he seen as a brother or a son, but a pest. They're even get disgusted with what's become of him;
he's no human in their eyes. With this viewpoint, Gregor and his family become isolated, or distant
from each other. This adds pressure to his already low self

Anthropology In The Early-Twentieth-Century Contained...
Anthropology in the early–twentieth–century contained theories that departed from those of the
unilineal evolution in the nineteenth century. The unilineal evolutionary theory argued that all
societies passed through a single evolutionary process; therefore, progressing from being a primitive
society to the most advanced, or civilized, in a uniform manner. The theory that species were
thought to evolve into increasing complexity was applied to societies' development to progress from
a simple to complex state. It was thought that most societies arrive, ultimately, at a common end as a
fully civilized nation. Lewis Henry Morgan, an advocate for and an ethnological scholar of the
Iroquois, delineated human culture into three basic stages: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
72). Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict popularized this concept as they humanized Anthropology
by incorporating observations of human feelings and other psychological states. Following Boas,
Lowie rejected and criticized Morgan's cultural evolutionary approach, and insisted that there is "no
one determinant of culture" (Erickson and Murphy, p. 68). Furthermore, Kroeber promoted the
concept of the "superorganic", which emphasizes the "importance of environment over heredity";
thus endorsing Boas' theory that human behavior results more from nurture than nature (Erickson
and Murphy, p. 69). Accordingly, Kroeber launched the search for cultural patterns and its
adaptations that correspond to the variation of environments. The results rendered by these scholars
promoted the idea that each society contains its own unique culture and social constructs that
conflict with Morgan's theory of uniform progress towards a civilized society.
To further aid in the argument against unilineal evolution, Bronislaw Malinowski stressed the
importance of achieving ethnographic understanding through a subjective participation and
objective observation method when studying different societies and their cultures (Erickson and
Murphy, p. 94). As a result of the emphasis on the method of participant–observation, Anthropology
has been distinguished from other social science disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity,
in–depth examination of (historical) context, cross–cultural

Franz Boas Research Synthesis Essay
Anthropologists have many views and theories, including Franz Boas, who challenged the theories
of unilineal views. Franz Boas was a United States Anthropologist who initiated the rebuttals in
opposition to racism superiority and evolutionary stages. Through challenging unilineal views, he
explained his rejection of racism determining superiority, and other views explaining evolution was
relevant to stages of societal changes or levels of class and wealth. In Franz Boas' studies, he
demonstrated how ones race or biological behaviors are not determined by the size of one's physical
traits or biological genetics. The cranium, whether large or small, does not determine intelligence
differences between various races. Many anthropologists believed ... Show more content on
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As multiple anthropologists did research, and came to conclusions, Boas integrated the natural
sciences and applied what is now called the scientific method. With this methodology, an
anthropologist must collect hard evidence supporting the ideas that were researched, rather than
speculating. He taught that theories should be treated as works in progress, until proven beyond the
shadow of a doubt (NNDB: Tracking the Entire World, 2014). Furthermore, Boas implemented the
idea that humankind should not be3 ranked on their race, or size, but that everyone is equal. Franz
Boas also states, "that change occurred in response to current pressures and opportunities" (NNDB:
Tracking the Entire World, 2014). Franz Boas was an anthropologist who revolutionized
anthropology by introducing the scientific method to test theories by others that have not been
proven. He believed theories are not facts without evidence to back them up. He questions the levels
of superiority and the way other people categorize them by race, or size, instead of equality. He
changed anthropology because now anthropologists work to prove their theories with evidence
rather than just get information from the subjects and record them as

Essay on Academic vs Mainstream Writing
There are many differences between articles written for scholars and articles written for popular
audiences. According to Anne Johns, the author of "Discourse Communities and Communities of
Practice," there are ten conventions or moves that exist only in academic prose and when violated,
author is seen as an outsider of the discourse community. John Swales ("Create a Research Space"
(CARS) Model Research Introductions) and Ken Hyland also talk about writing and the similarities
between all academic writing in "Create a Research Space" (CARS) Model Research Instructions
and "Disciplinary Courses". Based on research by Swales, Hyland, and Johns on academic writing,
and research by Jeanne Fahnestock, Charles Sullivan and Cameron M. Smith on ... Show more
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(1b) CNN
"Koreans use the term "hallyu" to describe the phenomenon. It refers to the "Korean Wave" of
entertainment that has swept across the shores of almost every single country in the region, even
increasingly beyond" (Farrar 1).
The passages above are saying essentially the same thing, however, the one published by CNN is
not as detailed as the scholarly one, and it only gives enough information for readers to know what
the Korean Wave is. Also, in academic articles there are no pictures because unlike popular writers,
scholars do not rely on pictures as a medium of capturing their readers' attention or interest them in
reading the article.
The Structure of Mainstream Articles Mainstream articles tend to be 1–3 pages long, but page length
is not the only difference from academic articles. Headlines are also a big aspect in popular as it is
one of the mediums used to get people to read the article, even though at times the headline may not
always be related to the content of the article. In popular articles you will see pictures and for online
magazines you also see advertisements for different products, this is because unlike scholars,
mainstream writers depend

Comparing How Various Anthropologists Discovered...
Comparing How Various Anthropologists Discovered Anthropology as a Career
Anthropologists have reasons for entering a field of work just like any other person has reasons for
Choosing science over music or medicine over business. The reason a person may enter a particular
career can be from stumbling upon a field that they knew little. Once discovering it they have
ambitions of being the best they can be. It could also stem from a desire as a child to know more
about a specific subject. Reasons may be distinct or similar to another person's in the same field. I
will compare various anthropologists to how they started in anthropology and how they are different
from one another.
Anthropologists have stumbled upon or discovered the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her focus then went towards archaeology and studying the Bronze Age metals (64). Mary Leakey's
interest in anthropology also came from viewing art (www.primate). Her father had taken her to visit
cave paintings of the Dordogne, which led to her desire to study anthropology (www.primate). As a
child viewing such paintings, Leakey probably wanted to know all the reasoning behind the
paintings and what each meant. It could have been perceived as viewing a storybook to discover the
meaning of the pictures.
Ruth Benedict, Alfred Kroeber and Hortense Powdermaker all discovered anthropology through a
college lecture. Benedict had become a high school English teacher, social worker, writer and poet
(Mead, 7). After attending a lecture by Alexander Goldenweiser and Elsie Clews Parsons, Benedict
knew that this career would keep her interested and she would enjoy it (7). Alfred Kroeber majored
in English, like Benedict, but after hearing Franz Boas in a seminar on American Indian Languages
he switched to studying anthropology (Steward, 4). Hortense Powdermaker was not happy with her
desk&SHY;job after graduating from college so she went back for more schooling (Hortense, 293).
She took a course in social anthropology and knew that was the career for her (293). All three of
these anthropologists started in careers not related to anthropology but for unknown reasons had
attended a lecture focusing on anthropology. The effects of attending one lecture

Face Of Face Communication A Lost Art
Face to Face Communication a Lost Art
As of today I can truly say that most youth and young adults are lacking in social communication
skills. We have lost the art of letter writing, face to face interaction, even phone conversations lack
in social etiquette. However, the most important of these loses is the face to face communication,
without it we will be lost in a world of Tweets, Instagram's and Facebook.
I am of the old school beliefs that face time more efficient than other kinds of communication.
When you are face to face with someone you can see there non–verbal clues, this clues will tell you
how to react to someone while talking with them. Another way to explain it is that you can
understand verbally what someone is saying to you, by taking in their facial features, body
languages, the tone in their voices, oh and what you are seeing in front of you. If there are notes,
PowerPoints, charts etc...
Let's take for example Facebook, a person can have thousands of friends and not know ninety–five
percent of them. There is no closeness or warmth with this type of communication. It is very
impersonal and just plain lazy to me. Individuals are telling their whole life story on this thing, and
venting all of their emotion which no one can see or hear. So what happens when someone reads it,
most likely what you are saying and how they receive it, will be to very different.
Texting, the main culprit of all technology, I just can't stand this one. It has made our youth lazy

Franz Boas The American Race
In the years before 1940, early cultural and physical anthropological writing was influenced by
Western thought that allowed it to have a striking base of racism. Implicitly racist, those of the
cultural side of anthropology were biased towards applying Western ideas to all societies, where
production and development is the basis of evolving. In The German Ideology: Part One with
Selections from Parts Two and Three, Together with Mar's Introduction to A Critique of Political
Economy by Marx & Engels (1845/1846), the authors stated a unilineal evolution of people from
tribal ownership to state ownership to finally the most elite, feudal and estate property ownership.
Those in this last stage have evolved more than those of tribes, for producing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
He provides no biological basis for casting Bushmen, Negroes, and Papuans people into Negroid
and Americans, East Asiatics, and Malays into Mongoloid. Instead, Boas' reasoning is similarities
within the groups of pigmentation and facial features, a fault of the time he was in. He was deriving
from the dated 17th century concept of race, based only off of people looking different, and
classifications derived from phenotypic variations (K.E. Jaffe pers. comm.: 09/11/2014). However,
the true basis for race is developed through natural selection, and the adaptation and variations that
environments will select for when suited best for those individuals (Anth 300 Glossary). In On the
Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural
Means of Selection by Darwin & Wallace (1858), they are applying their ideas of surviving to
mainly non–humans, however it can be understood that "in the struggle it would have a better
chance of surviving; and those of its offspring which inherited the variation, be it ever so slight,
would also have a better chance" (Darwin & Wallace, 1858: pp. 14). Therefore, race is merely a
product of biological

The Cultural Anthropology : Margaret Mead
Cultural Anthropology was not something I ever thought I would be interested in. During this class I
have learned many new things about other people and how they live. This is by far my favorite class
this semester and I just love hearing about other people's way of life. So, with my newfound love for
cultural anthropology I decided to write about one of the most influential female anthropologists. I
decided to write about Margaret Mead. I want to discuss her early life. Then, move on to her life as
an anthropologist. Lastly, I would like to discuss her contributions to today's cultural anthropology.
Mead was brought into this world on December 16, 1901 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was
brought up in a household full of social scientists. Her father was a professor at Wharton School of
Finance. Her mother was an early supporter of women's rights and a sociologist. She grew up in a
freethinking home and her parents were very proud supporters of her. They encouraged her along
with her other siblings. Her grandmother a child psychologist was very active in her grandchildren's
lives. She got Mead into watching the actions and behaviors of small children to figure out the
reason behind them doing what they do. Mead's school life was not typical of a child her age. She
skipped around with school, some say it was due to all her educators at home. At the young age of
eleven she joined the Episcopal Church. Even though she loved ritual and traditions she wanted
change. She

Saving Face Essay
The film Saving Face is about representing one self's identity. There are three motifs that allow this
transformation; transportation, face and time. The central motif in the film Saving Face is
transportation, which is centralized with face and time because they explain the character's change
of identity. The motif of face represents the characters' identity. Saving Face is an expression to keep
definition. Face is a motif because face is used repeatedly, especially in close–ups to captivate the
person's identity. In the opening shot, there is a close–up on Wil's face which she is seen wearing
beauty masks to hide her true identity. The beauty mask prevents Wil from expressing her true
identity because the face mask shows that Wil is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because time waits for no one and progresses it leaves Ma standing still for her status. Wil is being
rushed into decisions being made by her traditional mother to live a traditional housewife lifestyle.
And Ma is being rushed into decisions made by her father so that he can keep his reputation. Both
Wil and Ma have been avoiding time because time is seen as an obstacle that they cannot overcome
or stop at a certain phrase of the day. Cutting shows the transition of time causing the characters to
change their identity because during the day the characters feel restricted to keep a reputation by
following a daily routine but during the night the characters escape to live their lives freely without
those restrictions. The motif that allows the characters to do so is transportation because time
explains how the characters change their identity by using transportation during different times.
Transportation is the central motif because it allows the characters to change their identities. Wil has
been taking the subway as her transportation to get from one place to another from morning to night.
Her using transportation to get from place to place impacts how her identity changes from the
morning, when she is looking after her mother and going to work, to her identity from the night,
when she is alone with Vivian. The subway allows Wil to have two different identities of her living
life for her work to living life for her love relationship with Vivian. The transportation

Modernity in The Metamorphosis and The Judgement by Franz...
French poet Charles Baudelaire famously coined the term 'modernity' as 'the transient, the fleeting,
the contingent; it is one half of art, the other being the eternal and the immovable'. This particularly
characterises the transitory nature of contemporaneity, highlighting the importance art has in
capturing the experience of this urban cosmopolitan. Through The Metamorphosis and The
Judgement, Franz Kafka uses literature in order to portray 'the sickness of modernity' in which
'tradition has crumbled under the onslaught'. Kafka draws upon the negative aspects of this
industrial civilisation, particularly highlighting
According to Elizabeth Boa, one of 'the effects of the modernizing process' was that of 'generational
tensions as sons sought to over–throw paternal authority and find their own way' within the modern
world. A reoccurring motif within both texts is that of the role reversal of filial relationships in
which the son is portrayed as the provider and the father as the dependant. This experiment with
traditional family structure can be seen within The Metamorphosis as Mr. Samsa is described as
almost commensurate with his wife and daughter due to being unable to support them and wholly
relies on Gregor for the household income. He is illustrated as 'an old man...who could not take on
very much', as having an 'arduous yet unsuccessful life' and was now 'clumsy in his movements' due
to the 'great deal of weight' he had gained. Each of these quotes have negative

The Kwakiutl Of The North Pacific Coast
The Kwakiutl of The North Pacific Coast is a group that encompases many distinct and
extraordinary aspects of a North American native culture.
Setting
The Kwakiutl mainly reside in the geographical region of the North Pacific Coast. Stretching along
the coast of present day British Columbia. This area begins near the southern border of Alaska; from
the Juan de Fuca Strait and extends down south to Yakutat Bay. This region is overlaid with a
diverse landscape that has greatly impacted the Kwakiutl way of life. The multitude of resource
available to the Kwakiutl has prominently sustain practically every aspect of their culture and
society. The ever changing layout of this area created an impenetrable home for the Kwakiutl to
inhabit. The coast is shattered with numerous islands and key rivers such as the Columbia, Salmon,
and Bella Coola. This opens up a system of travel, commerce, and also creating very strict
opportunities for other cultural influences. With the surrounding area thick in dense forests and
rugged terrain that includes mountain ranges to valleys rich with life sustaining variables such as
wild game, plants, timber, and potential settlement. This varied landscape also greatly isolated the
Kwakiutl, making it difficult for any outside influences or possible threats to their way of life, F.
Boas 1966, page 7. With the vast variety of natural resources this area offers it has abundantly
supported the needs to sustain a way of life for the Kwakiutl. Numerous

How Does Kafka Use Irony In The Metamorphosis
The Metamorphosis tells a story of supernatural yet bleak and desolate context, explores the life of
Gregor Samsa as he awakens to find himself metamorphosed into a "monstrous vermin" and his
struggle to appropriately find his role in life as a bug. The Metamorphosis an absurdist fictional
novella written by Franz Kafka aptly depicts the alienation and seclusion Gregor experiences
through the use of irony and symbolism.
Irony, though perhaps meant as an off form of humor or "inside joke" between the author and reader
is quite alluring, giving a deeper implication within the novella. For example, "[The] mother sewed
fine undergarments for a fashion shop. The sister, who had taken on a job as a salesgirl... studied
stenography and French... to obtain a better position" (Kafka 41). This exemplifies the contrast of
life previously and presently for Gregor, as before he felt satisfaction in being the sole breadwinner
of the family, but presently however in his "imprisonment" as the narrator puts it, he is left with
nothing but to watch his family through their privation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, "[The picture] showed a lady done up in a fur hat and a fur boa... raising up against the
viewer a heavy fur muff in which her whole forearm had disappeared" (Kafka 3), and later, "[H]e
saw, hanging conspicuously on the wall... the picture of the lady all dressed in furs, hurriedly
crawled up on it and pressed himself against the glass, which gave a good surface to stick to and
soothed his hot belly" (Kafka 35). This demonstrates the concept of Gregor's isolation first as a
means of conveying to the reader of his former humanity, perhaps of a future spouse but however
progresses into his desire and ravage to hold onto his only sole possession that he feels is an escape
from his

Essay about Father Franz Boas--Father of American...
Father Franz Boas––Father of American Anthropology
Franz Boas is often referred to as the father of
American anthropology because of the great influence he had in the lives and the careers of the next
great generation of anthropologists in America. He came at a time when anthropology was not
considered a true science or even a meaningful discipline and brought an air of respectability to the
profession, giving those who followed a passion and an example of how to approach anthropology.
Boas directed the field studies and trained such prominent anthropologists as Alfred Louis Kroeber,
Robert Lowie, Margaret Mead, as well as others. Although he did not leave as his legacy any
specific line of thought, he left a pattern that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boas' rejection of data that was not collected in the field is well–documented and presents a nature
that was very specific in its analysis of the subject. His determination to go out into the field and
collect the data for the project ushered in a new respectability to the field in that he was not merely
regurgitating data that had been collected for another study but rather he was analyzing a specific set
of information that was pertinent to the study at hand. He introduced the concept of empirical
observation. This initial use of fieldwork set Boas ahead of the rest of the anthropologists. He was
not content to take old data and make it suit his theories. Rather, he embraced the scientific method
and collected data and then reworked his thesis to fit the information dictated by the data set found.
Boas lived what he preached, and this can be seen in his numerous trips to live among the natives of
the land. He put in stints in the Arctic, with the Kwakitul of the
Pacific Northwest.
Boas also felt that learning a language was a significant part of understanding a culture, something
that was a new concept. Along these lines, Boas recognized the importance of reaching into the past
to create and preserve the present, again setting himself ahead of the rest of his contemporaries. The
idea of cultural whole is that every culture was a complete system. He felt

Modern American Anthropology By Franz Boas
Known as the founder of modern American anthropology, Franz Boaz who was originally born in
Germany developed and furthered his understanding of anthropology in America through his
journey from Arctic Canada to the northwestern part of America in the early 1880s. His
ethnographic study was aimed at understanding the life the Eskimo community. Boas talks about
how the Eskimo community lived in ways they only knew about from their ancestors even in the
most challenging times despite the conditions of their environment. He was trying to reveal the
concept of how people were not tied down to the environment they lived in as the misconception
follows rather the culture that influences the way they go by their life. This concept was conceived
by a question he asked at the beginning of the film which was "What determines the behavior of
human beings?" which therefore can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He further explains that human behavior is not dependant on racial characteristics nor is it a factor.
As a scientist, his vision was that derived from reasoning and that this was a self–conscious
characteristic that should be over–looked since it gives no scientific value. The second film we
watched regarded a social anthropologist by the name of Sir Edward Evans–Pritchard who was
English and taught at the University of Oxford. As a man who wanted to translate the thought
behind culture as we have described before in Boas, both anthropologists conducted observation and
participant methodology of field work to get the best and most intimate understanding of the people
they were studying. I believe this was the best way to know and understand the culture since this
does really apply to the view of Boas in terms of Cultural

Ruth Fulton Benedict Essay
Considered a pioneer in her time, Ruth Fulton Benedict was an American anthropologist who helped
to popularize anthropology while introducing such terms as culture and racism into common place
language. As an advocate against discriminatory attitudes, Benedict advocated for tolerance and
individuality within social norms and expectations and sought to determine that each culture has its
own moral imperatives. Considered her most famous written work, Patterns of Culture, Benedict
explores the differences between rituals, beliefs, and personal preferences and how within that
culture, personality within the individual exists. While Benedict advocated for tolerance within
individual choice and society, she also recognized the struggle within ... Show more content on
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Perhaps the isolation that Benedict experienced as a young girl can be considered a stepping stone to
the future. Using a pen name of Anne Singleton, Benedict wrote poetry and graduated from high
school at St. Margaret's Academy. Continuing to have aspirations of personal success, Benedict
enrolled at Vassar College where she majored in English and later became a teacher after moving to
Los Angeles with her sister. Benedict was yearning for something and yet at this time could not find
what was beckoning to emerge when she married and returned to New York City. It was during this
time, that Benedict experienced her internal conflicts and began to seek fulfillment. Coupled with a
desire for personal growth and seeking refuge from an empty and childless marriage she began
pursuing her education. This conflict was seen in Benedict's candor in her mid to late thirties as she
pursued graduate work. As written in personal journals, Benedict says, "I gambled on having the
strength to live two lives, one for myself and one for the world" (Mead, p.3).
Unsatisfied with her life, Benedict married a biochemist named Stanley Benedict in 1914 hoping to
find meaning. Benedict and her husband were unable to have children which caused strain in the
marriage during an era where women were valued as homemakers and mothers. Benedict yearned
for something more in her life, and it was then that she discovered

Ravens Symbolic Meaning to the Inuit
Professor: Lori Barkley
Anthropology 101
November 27th 2012
A Deeper Look into Ravens Symbolic Meaning to the Inuit:
Contextual Analysis of Indigenous Mythology
Raven was an incredible animal to the Native North American Inuit culture; he was extremely
symbolic in many ways. One of the most important things Raven could do was transform; he was
the barrier of magic to many, being able to transform could bring happiness to everyone. The Inuit
culture believed that Raven could heal many due to his magic and great level of intelligence. Raven
is the keeper of secrets, and can assist the Inuit people in finding their own hidden thoughts. Raven
is also amazing for being able to keep track of ancestral memories and with his intelligence be ...
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The Inuit people find it very useful for their society to understand the spiritual part of their culture
because it helps them connect to each other and their inner self. Culture is extremely significant to
the Inuit people and they spent a lot of time practicing how to greater it. In Concise Dictionary of
Social and Cultural Anthropology by Mike Morris culture is defined as: "general use, culture is
usually treated as an attribute of quality of refinement in the mind, which can be accumulated or
exercised through reading, attending the theatre, and classical music concerts and similar pursuits"
(pg.56). Culture is also defined by Charles Winick in Dictionary of Anthropology as: "all that which
is nonbiological and socially transmitted in a society, including artistic, social, ideological, and
religious patterns of behaviour, and the techniques for mastering the environment"(pg. 146). The
intelligence of Raven is never ending, he can do anything he set his mind too, Raven is especially
good at healing.
Raven is also called upon in Native ritual for healing purposes. Specifically, the Raven is thought to
provide long–distance healing. Raven is so intelligent he could heal anyone. Gale Eaton mentioned
in Raven the Trickster that the Inuit, along with other cultures, believe that being able to heal is an
important power; if you could heal the sick more people can survive, making it so there were

Examples Of Dehumanization In The Metamorphosis By Franz...
In The Metamorphosis, a novella written by Franz Kafka, we experience the transformation of
Gregor Samsa, from a man into a human sized insect. Gregor is your average middle–aged man,
who is a traveling salesman for a fabric company. His only priority is to work hard and try to pay off
the debt his parents owe, and as a result Gregor has no social life. This novella reflects on Gregor's
dehumanization through this metamorphosis with symbols such as food, the transformation, and the
picture of the woman on his wall.
The bug itself is probably the most important symbol when it comes to Gregor's dehumanization,
because it represents the change directly, and the fact that as a human, Gregor didn't really have
much of a life. He worked everyday and never went out with friends, or did anything for himself.
His whole human adulthood was based on providing for his family, and paying off their debt. "The
boy has no head for anything but the business. I'm almost upset, as it is, that he never goes out at
night"(26). We know that Gregor's only focus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We find out that when he was still a human one of his favorite drinks was milk, but after turning into
a bug he starts to despise it, and desires rotten food. His sister Grete is the one who brings him all of
his favorite food. They both expect that despite the change from human to insect, he will still like
the food she brings him, but the opposite happens. "Immediately he plunged his head into the milk
almost over his eyes... He didn't at all like the milk, which was formerly his favorite beverage and
which therefore had surely been placed there by his sister for that very reason"(pg. 25). This
symbolizes the relationship between the mind and body, and the fact that they are not connected.
Despite the metamorphosis, Gregor's mind is still completely human, but his body is

Franz Boas : The Father Of American Anthropology Essay
There are many anthropologists out there who each have their own findings and thoughts. The one
anthropologist who I felt I really connected with and was very interesting in his findings and
thoughts, was anthropologist Franz Boas. Boas was a white, Jewish male. He was known as the
Father of American Anthropology. Franz Boas has demonstrated major work in physical
anthropology, linguistics, Cultural anthropology, and the famous four field approach. Additionally,
through learning about Boas' findings and thoughts, I was able to engage with his work, evaluate it,
think about the works limitations, ramifications, and its lasting import. Boas' has made a difference
in many peoples lives and has been very involved. Boas had a very interesting life growing up
leading him to the person he was. As biography.com stated "Franz Boas was a German–born
anthropologist who founded the relativistic, culture–centered school of American anthropology that
dominated 20th century thought." He was born 1850 on July 9th, in Minden which was in the
Westphalia area of Germany. Growing up, being the son of a merchant, Boas was very protective
about his health, which lead him to spend a lot of his time with books. Although Boas was
completely Jewish jr grew up feeling as if he was not Jewish, rather he felt as if he was German.
Ever since Boas was five years old he was interested in natural sciences such as, botany, zoology,
geography, astronomy and geology. Boas' interest in the history of

Kayla Case Study
QP provided My–Kayla with a CBT activity geared towards building resiliency. QP explained to
My–Kayla that the activity will teach her to better cope with difficult situations. QP explained to
My–Kayla what resiliency is and provided an example. QP asked My–Kayla to explain what look
like, feels like sounds like o be resilience. QP asked My–Kayla to list some instances in life where
she has been or shown resilience. QP provided My–Kayla with a magazine in which she had to cut
pictures depicting resiliency. QP asked My–Kayla to list some emotions she has. QP discussed with
MY–Kayla how to connect her feelings with her emotions. QP brainstormed with My–Kayla list of
negative and positive emotions. QP asked My–Kayla to identify some places she ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
QP asked My–Kayla to list some things she is struggling with. QP asked My–Kayla, if she ask for
help when she not doing well in class. QP asked MY–Kayla is something does not go right for her,
does she blame others. QP encouraged my Kayla in completing an on lies quiz that will test to see if
she has the conditions in her life that help builds resiliency. QP provided My–Kayla with questions
to see how she is handling difficulties in her like by utilizing internal qualities that show how she
handle crisis, depression and stress situation she may encounter. QP provided My–Kayla with a
worksheet in which she had to identify which resilient builder she uses. QP encouraged My–Kayla
in watching an online video of a young girl who told a brief store of how she learned coping skill to
build resilience through the difficult changes she was going through in her life. QP discussed with
My–Kayla the key message of the video and encouraged her to express her thoughts and feelings
about the young girl's life. QP discussed with My–Kayla coping strategies she can use to manage her
thoughts and feelings. QP asked My–Kayla to list some helpful and harmful coping strategies she
has

The New Face Of Richard Norris Analysis
In the article, "The New Face of Richard Norris" the author Jeanne Marie Laskas delves into the
seemingly tragic story of Richard Norris. The author shows how the media can morph the general
public's perceptions and attitudes, through the use of Richard Norris' story the author warns against
the believability of the media. Jeanne presents Richard Norris and Rodriquez's tale as other
publications had in the beginning of the article than began to present her own findings and anecdotes
based off her impressions of meeting and talking with Richard Norris. The article starts off by
recalling the event that made the story of Richard Norris possible, it turns to the start of everything
the night he shot himself leaving his face twisted with mangled flesh beyond recognition. Although,
it was a miracle for the man to even be alive, the appearance of his own face was just too much for
Richard to handle. Eventually, Richard and his family found Eduard Rodriquez a Baltimore
reconstructive facial surgeon who performed the most extensive transplant any surgeon had ever
attempted, giving Richard a whole new face. After the procedure was completed the account began
to be retold and featured in the media. Richard Norris became a miracle with a massive following,
he became a superstar overnight. Laskas decided to reach out to Richard and discuss the situation
first hand, to see his exact thoughts on living in another man's face. Once at the Norris house she
discovers that he may

The Measure Of America By Franz Boas Analysis
Franz Boas's who is regarded as the father of anthropology and the founding chair of the study at
Columbia University is one whose illustrious career and struggles have left a lasting impact on the
field. Boas's life long projects dealing with immigrant populations and their environments and his
avocation of human rights are noble and virtuous qualities all anthropologists should hold near and
dear. Boas emigrated from Germany to the United States believing America to be a politically ideal
country; he began to study the Native Americans of the North West Coast such as the Haida,
Kwakitul and the Bella Coola. The first American article Boas published dealt with concepts of
language pertaining to the that of the Eskimo people who were perceived to be uncivilized in the
manner of language, Boas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boas was a life–long fighter and advocate for equality amongst all peoples, being a strong proponent
of pluralism and aligned himself with the struggle of African Americans. Boas understood the need
for proper cultural representation and the need for those in observance of culturally specific items
and representations to seek out the term he coined "the wealth of thought" that persists throughout
all human cultures and is achievable by all human beings, a beautifully idealized expectation.
Nonetheless, he is quoted and said to have "practiced eating foods he didn't like in order to
"accustom myself to the deprivations in Africa" and eating no foods at all for the rigors of Artic

Franz Boas Potlatch
Recently, anthropology has not been seen in the highest of regards nor the brightest of lights, but it
is still a very crucial and important science that helps us better understand different cultures and
societies. When Franz Boas travelled to the far Northwest of North America in the 1880's to study
the ritual on the potlatches, he noted an ongoing conflict between the Canadian government and the
Inuit people. The potlatch ceremony was an ancient ritual that displayed one's wealth and power by
giving away his possessions and throwing a big dance for those invited. The people of this region
held this tradition very dear to their hearts as it included an economic, political, kinship, and
religious element. However, the Canadian and American ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Today, we have rules that must be followed in order for an anthropologist to begin research. After
the First Neur War in the early 1900's, the British required an anthropologist to live among the
people and study them to figure out how the Nuer people were able to gather and disappear large
armies so fast. After the anthropologist was finished with his research, the British used his
information to destroy the Nuer people. This is not how we function today. Anthropologist are not
spies and in order to gain entrance into a community, permission is necessary. Lee easily find his
way to the Dobe waterhole and asks the Dobe people if he could "come and stay with them and
learn their language" and "after much discussion they agreed" (Lee 1967:6). Lee exemplifies what
an anthropologist should do when entering a community and immediately gains friendly relations.
Upon the agreement of entrance, we must let the participants know who we are, why we are here,
what will we do with the knowledge, where the information will be stored and how they may
inadvertently be harmed. After this exchange takes place, our next goal is to establish rapport, or the
emotional connection between the anthropologists and the participants in his or her research. We
have noticed that relationships are the tool for anthropological research and it is vital we not only
study but we get to know who we are studying to get a better insight of their lives. In another piece
by Lee called "Christmas in the Kalahari" he plans a big feast for the Ju, to thank them for the past
year of information and wants to buy them the biggest ox money can buy. However, when he shows
the Ju the ox, they mock and ridicule him to make him feel bad. He learns that this is how they
humble their hunters so no one person gets a big ego and creates a balance among the tribe. After the
feast, Lee say "I had been been

I Am An American Born Asian Male Teenager
I am an American born Asian male teenager. According to the East Asian Youth, there are two kinds
of Asian guys: the smart, athletic kind and the cool, lenient kind. I don't fit under neither types and
as a result, I became self–conscious of the way I act, not to also mention my overweight body. I
didn't know how to be myself while conforming to the stereotypes. That's when I discovered Kpop,
or Korean Pop Culture. I immersed myself into the music, the dramas, and even the food. I found a
second home, even if it was through my computer. These korean stars were talented, funny, and
most of all "cool." They had an aura around them that I was not able to find in any American stars.
Maybe it is because they were all "trained" to do so; but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To start off, I will be explaining what Kpop is, what is the "Hallyu" wave, and Local vs Global
identities. My second section is the K–pop production: what idols are, how idol groups are formed
so that will be like recruitment, training, the so called "death contracts," etc. My third section will be
about where K–pop differs from American pop. This will already be mentioned in the first section
but this will be in depth research on such "differences," and this section will actually require me to
use a lot of YouTube videos. This section will have me using a lot of react videos where
"Americans" react to Kpop or vice versa. The fourth section is the real deal: the mula. Where does
the money come in from, where does the money go to, why is so much money being spent, etc. For
my last section this will be where my conclusion is formed.
If an average Westerner were to be asked of a successful music artist, they might think of a band like
Coldplay. Having global concert tours across Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, etc. Another
may be Adele––who had sold over 8 million copies of her newest album '25.' In short, one might
expect the names of American or other Western artists to dominate the iTunes libraries and
download charts in the United States. But while the American industry is certainly doing well, the
Republic of Korea, a country whose population is only about 50.5 million, has managed to cultivate
a vibrant and

Why Is Kpop Popular
Korean Pop (K–Pop) Lately, it seems that South Korea is making a mark of its own in the world,
besides the fact that South Korea has a booming tech industry. The fact is that South Korea is
making a name for itself due to the successful music industry. Since the fact that K–pop has spread
to many different countries many Koreans are calling this the "Korean Wave" (Choi 1). So, what
exactly is Korean pop or K–pop for short is that recently it has become a global craze, appealing to
teens all around the world despite the language barriers. The reason for K–pop's popularity is the
fact that it has been noted to be due to individual talent. Although it's hard to say that since it seems
of late that many artists are being widely manufactured by many Korean music companies. Unlike
America or even the UK being a singer is a very tough business in Korea. Many teenagers line up to
various companies and try and audition and even if they are able to enter the company many of these
students have to find time to go to school and train their vocal, and dance skills. Not only that but
many companies make it a requirement for these trainees to learn another language whether it be
Chinese, or Japanese and sometimes English. Another reason to K–pop's popularity is the fact we
are in the digital age so many of these K–pop companies post their group's music video on YouTube
which has helped immensely to attract so many audiences around the world. Then there's Twitter,
and Instagram for

Movie Review on Mr.Holland Opus
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Prepared by:
REALYN C. CABATAY
Master of Arts in Education
Introduction Mr. Holland's Opus is a 1995 American drama film directed by Stephen Herek. It stars
Richard Dreyfuss in the title role and the cast includes Glenne Headly, Olympia Dukakis, William
H. Macy and Jay Thomas. Mr. Holland's Opus is presented as a video biography of the 30–year
career of the eponymous lead character, Glenn Holland, as a music teacher at the fictional John F.
Kennedy High School in Portland, Oregon. Glenn Holland (Richard Dreyfuss) is a musician and
composer. After playing clubs for a living he decides to accept a job as a music teacher at a high
school. He intends this to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iris willingly learns American Sign Language to communicate with her son but Glenn resists. This
causes further estrangement within the family. Through three decades, Mr. Holland is closer to
students at John F. Kennedy High School than he is to his own son. He addresses a series of
challenges created by people who are either skeptical of –– or hostile towards –– the idea of musical
excellence within the walls of a typical middle–class American high school. He inspires many
students and but never has private time for himself or his family, forever delaying the composition
of his own orchestral composition. Ultimately, he reaches an age when it is too late to realistically
find financial backing or ever have it performed. In 1995, the adversaries of the Kennedy High
music program win a decisive institutional victory. Holland's longtime adversary Wolters, promoted
to school principal when Jacobs retires, works with the school board to eliminate music in the name
of necessary budget cuts, thereby leading to Mr. Holland's ignominious dismissal at the age of 60.
Glenn is a realist who realizes that his working life is over. He believes that his former students have
mostly forgotten him. On his final day as a teacher, the despairing Mr. Holland is led to the school
auditorium, where his professional life is surprisingly redeemed. Hearing that their beloved

Personal Experiences Reflected in Metamorphosis by Gregor...
Topic 2
Writing, like other forms of art, draws upon an artist's inspirations. Either subtly or overtly, an
artist's interactions and perception of the world influences their piece. Franz Kafka, born into a
Jewish family in Prague, incorporated many of his life experiences into his work The
Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis presents many connections between the life of the protagonist,
Gregor Samsa, and Kafka himself. Some literary analysts claim it serves as an outlet for his
distraught life. Based on the events of Gregor Samsa's life, it can be deduced that Franz Kafka used
his personal experiences as an inspiration for The Metamorphosis.
Kafka portrays the relationship he had with his father through the relationship of Gregor ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The struggles with love and women that Kafka faced are also experienced by Gregor and the lack of
a primary woman in their life contributes to their misery. In the end, Gregor starts to feel miserable
as he waits for death to approach him slowly. After hearing his sister, the one whom he felt closest
to, say "It has to go," Gregor falls under a more severe state of depression (38). He refused to eat
and in the end "he could no longer move at all" showing how serious his depression affected his
appetite and his overall health. By this time, Gregor is ready to accept his fate and "remained in this
state of empty and peaceful reflection until the tower clock struck three in the morning" (38).
Gregor's slow and painful death represents Kafka's demise as tuberculosis kills the victim slowly.
Kafka knew the fate of tuberculosis and incorporated his feelings about the slow death into The
Metamorphosis for the reader to understand his morbidity. Kafka expresses his depression to the
audience through Gregor.
Perhaps the largest incorporation of Kafka's life seen in the novella is Gregor's relationship with his
sister. From the beginning of the novella, Gregor has a strong relationship with his sister as he cares
about her the most in the family. Also, after the transformation, "only his sister had remained close
to Gregor," and she nurtured and cared for him (20). Despite his appearance, Grete still remained

A German American Anthropologist, By Franz Boas
Question 1
It was often believed that human behavior in a society was strictly dictated and identified by
biological factors. However, a German–American anthropologist, Franz Boas, was one of the first
anthropologist that familiarized culture as the prime concept for identifying behavior in a society. To
belong to a society, one must be able to follow the rules of the culture in which they find themselves
in. Culture in a social group dictates major parts of life, through traditional beliefs and concepts
which have been passed down from previous generations. We often see that people try to perceive
about themselves in relation to other cultures in order to determine a psychological process. This
psychological process is strictly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These cultural factors are believed to dictate human behavior through the educational, economic,
political and religious elements of the society. An example of cultural determinism can be dated as
far back as Ancient Greece. They believed that only those who communicated in their language
alone could interpret their political angle as well as their language and that other civilizations were
barbaric.
At the point of her death, Margret Mead was arguably the most famous and important anthropologist
in the world. Through her work many people were able to learn about anthropology and its
application to the human species. She was well known for the momentous work she did on children
and adolescents. She also had an impact on gender roles with two notable works, sex role in Britain
and the lifestyle of adolescents in Samoa. From her research and field work she was able to
determine that culture plays a huge part in gender roles in a society. In class, we read A Cultural
Approach to Male–Female Miscommunication and Silence in Eastern Apache Culture, which are
two very good examples that show sex roles in culture.
Unaware of the Samoa culture, Mead was shocked to see that the adolescence stage of the girls in
Samoa was calmer than in other cultures

Franz Boas : Cultural Anthropology Essay
Born and brought up Jewish in Germany during a very antisemitic time, Franz Boas was a
successful student, earning his doctorate at a fairly young age and holding an academic position in
Berlin. However, in 1886 Boas found himself in New York after having participated in several
ethnographic studies in Canada. He decided to remain in New York for several reasons, the main
one being that it kept him close to the North American Indians and Inuit who were the peoples most
fascinating to him. In 1899 he became a professor of Anthropology at Columbia university and went
on to teach and mentor some of the most important people in Anthropology today. Boaz received
much of his schooling from scholars in Germany, who like many others, were skeptical of
evolutionism. Boaz became convinced that the task of an anthropologist wasn 't simply to study
peoples and their culture but to also carefully and systematically collect detailed data and material
on these particular cultures and only then would one be able to be cognizant of them. In the USA,
this became known as cultural anthropology. It consisted of everything humans have created from
society, symbolism, to materialism. It quite literally encompassed everything human and because of
this reason Boas, advocated for subfields to be created in Anthropology. These fields became known
as linguistics, cultural anthropology, physical or biological anthropology, and archaeology. Students
were then trained in a specific field rather then the

The Impact Of Media On Korean Economic
Impact
7.1 Positive influences on Korean Economic
After the success of H.O.T, government promoted a policy relating to spread the K–pop music to
other countries. The government has acknowledged that the cultural products can be used as a way
to benefit the country's export sector. According to government estimates, a US$100 increase in the
export of cultural products results in a US$412 increase in the export of other consumer goods (Tuk
2012, 12). On the other hand, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism tried to expand the popularity of
K–pop such as established thousands of Korean Cultural 9 Centers worldwide. Those measures
contribute to Korean culture and K–pop music becoming a wave that named Korean wave.
Korea first began to export ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Innisfree, Laneige, and Sulwhasoo earn the great improvement in popularity. And overall popularity
increase rate is the highest among all countries, which is 11.5%.
There are several approaches to help other industries' development. The first example is K–pop
theme tourism. K–pop idols attract increasingly number of foreign teenagers and young people to
visit Korea. Tourism become pillar industry in national economy. Moreover, a survey of tourists
showed that "shopping was the main purpose of visiting Korea for 60.9 percent of respondents,
followed by sightseeing (52.9 percent), food (38.5 percent), beauty treatments (7.9 percent), and
concerts and performances (5.9 percent)" (Seo, 2012). This means more K–pop fans visit Korea
more shopping revenue earned. Second example is collaboration with K–pop stars. Celebrity
collaboration help to promote the brand and distinguish it from others. This benefit not only occur in
Korea but also in foreign countries. For instants, the leader of Big Bang, G–Dragon, is also a famous
fashion insider who is appreciated by Karl Lagerfeld. He starts his cloth line PEACEMINUSONE in
2016. This new brand has collaborating with a Paris clothing and accessory retailer, Colette. Both
parties benefit from this collaboration. Third example is K–pop celebrity endorsement. By signing
an endorsement contract with K–pop star, Korean products can attract more young fans. This
strategy can be

The Leaving By Brigit Pegeen KellyAn Analysis
It is within human nature to be competitive. While it is one of the most basic and primal instincts
that has ensured our survival for centuries, today has become more for personal achievement. In
movies, shows and on the internet we are constantly exposed to people competing for various
reason. Athletes compete for the gold medal, game show contestants for money prizes and
characters in movies for the object of their affections. When we best the challenges we decide to
face, we often receive an overwhelming feeling of success along with the prize and, in turn, our
confidence is boosted drastically. We are encourage to become the best versions of ourselves.
However, when our attempts end in failure, we feel disappointed in ourselves and are discouraged
from pushing ourselves again. In modern times, individuals often lack the motivation to challenge
themselves because they fear their odds of failure. They would rather remain apathetic than even
attempt to push themselves. It is essential that we have the dedication, fortitude and courage to
regain the confidence to at least attempt a challenge or alter it to make it more beneficial to
ourselves.
The "The Leaving" by Brigit Pegeen Kelly is a poem that depicts a young girl whose actions are
influenced by a challenge insinuated by her father. The girl competes with the physical limitations
her father placed on her in order to prove her worth to him and to herself. She exclaims, "My father
said I could not do it, but all night I

The Culture And Concept Of Culture
One of the most influential and central concepts of anthropology is the nature and concept of
culture. The concept and idea of culture dominated 20th century thought, and can be used as an
explanation as well as an object of fascination for many anthropologists today. While there are
various theories and approaches to culture and the interpretation of it, I would solely like to examine
the Cultural Relativist approach, and the Boasian thinkers associated with this particular approach. I
would also like to examine how the current time period in which the cultural relativist approach
emerged truly conflicts with the dominant politics. In specifics, I would like to examine Franz Boas
himself, but most notably Ruth Benedict, and the paradoxes that have occurred within the period
after her publications.
Franz Boas (1858–1942) was a famous anthropologist credited with the founding of the cultural
relativist approach, which is a major theory within the discipline of anthropology. What is important
for many involved in the study of anthropology is that Franz Boas cultivated a foundation that many
other thinkers and theorist built their own ideas upon, especially associated thinkers like Margaret
Mead and Ruth Benedict (which will be mentioned in greater detail later). What Franz Boas is also
credited with, is his efforts of using his academic and scientific background in the effort to combat
racism (Liro, 2003). During his lifetime, Boas often cited the difference between the

Lewis Henry Morgan 's Evolutionary Approach Essay
When considering evolution of class and race, there are a multitude of methods one could follow to
describe the evolution of culture. However, not all methods equally define all aspects of culture
thoroughly. In particular, Lewis Henry Morgan's evolutionary approach takes a shortcut that makes
his methods sufficient to define all of culture. Using a more in–depth analysis study that reflects
cultural relativism, the highlighted population, and apperception, Franz Boas would better conduct a
study of UVM student culture and its relation with cell phones. Lewis Henry Morgan's evolutionary
approach is inadequate at studying cell phones as a component and indicator of UVM culture.
Morgan follows a unilineal evolution path defining materialism with typology and hierarchy. Under
his method, individuals "[commence] their career at the bottom of the scale and work their way up
from savagery to civilization through the slow accumulations of experimental knowledge" (Morgan,
3). Translating a hierarchical method of advancement to UVM culture through cellphones, the
assumption would need to be made that individual's progress from the bottom tier of phones, such as
a Nokia, to a current phone, an iPhone 7, in a stepwise progression. Limited to this metric, members
of the community could not start at an intermediate tier and would be skipping culture–learning
opportunities if such a 'crime' were committed. A unilineal approach to study evolution and culture
also suffers in

Human Nature And The Organization Of Human Society
Forensic Anthropologists are able to give someone who has no face a name and finding Out what
happened to them. This is made possible by combining the 3 subfields of anthropology. These fields
come together to help solve not only present day cases but with technology and advancements we
are able to solve decade old cases. Anthropology can be traced all the way back to ancient Greek
writings about human nature and the organization of human society. In the 400s BC lived a Greek
historian named Herodotus. Herodotus was the first to write widely on concepts that eventually
became a part of anthropology. He describes various peoples from multiple cultures of the Persian
empire. Jumping ahead to our next historian who lived in the 14th ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since these explorers were not very knowledgeable about the civilians they encountered they were
not respectful and they didn't know the language they spoke. As we move into the 1920s and the
1930s we learn that anthropology assumed the current form with its subfields. Franz Boas was an
anthropologist who wanted the field to be seen as a well–respected science. He studied all subfields
of anthropology and did a lot of research regarding them. Boas also was allowed to do field work in
all of the subfields except archeology. Boas helped make anthropology what it is today by defining
the discipline and trained many of the well– known anthropologists' we have today. The three
subfields of forensic anthropology are biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and
archaeology. Biological anthropology is the analysis of the evidence of a crime scene by using
biochemical and biological techniques. Cultural anthropology is simply a part of anthropology that
focuses on the study of human culture. Archaeology is the study of human history by performing
archaeological digs and analyzing the artifacts and remains that are found. When these three
subfields are brought together and used on cases there are no limits to what can be discovered.
Biological anthropology when used in a forensic anthropology

The Metamorphosis
What is the significance of windows and furniture in Gregor's room in Franz Kafka's 'The
Metamorphosis'?
"When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself changed into a
monstrous cockroach in his bed". This quote comes from the novella, 'The Metamorphosis' which
was composed by Franz Kafka in 1912 and published in 1915. The novella was originally written in
German and has various translations to English. This signifies that each English translation can be
different in terms of language which can overall alter the way a reader interprets it. This essay will
be written in terms of the translation by Michael Hofmann in 'The Metamorphosis and Other
Stories'. The story takes place in the early 1900's in a quiet working–class neighborhood. However,
the events in this novella mainly take place in the main protagonist, Gregor Samsa's, room and
entirely in the Samsa household. This shows that the story has a constricting setting in which Gregor
becomes a prisoner to his bedroom. What is the significance of windows and furniture in Gregor's
room in Franz Kafka's 'The Metamorphosis'?
Seeing the role of symbolism in 'The Metamorphosis' is a central means to reading the novella as it
unlocks a whole new perspective to the plot. An example of symbolism would be with the use of
windows. Windows are used not to represent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He uses windows to demonstrate the psychological changes Gregor goes through as a result to
becoming a cockroach. Franz Kafka also uses the removal of furniture as a way to show Gregor's
loss of hope in ever becoming a human again. And lastly, he uses the picture of a woman in fur to
display what Gregor's true aspirations are and will always be even as a cockroach. Overall,
symbolism is a central means for the reader to explore different perspectives throughout reading the

Emile Durkheim, Franz Boas, And Clifford Geertz Summary
Emile Durkheim, Franz Boas, and Clifford Geertz were three very influential men in the study of
anthropology. Durkheim became one of the first scientists to consider culture and society worthy of
study, Boas refined and corrected theories hypothesized by Durkheim and others, and Geertz set an
example of how to conduct ethnographies that is still used to this day. Emile Durkheim lived during
the rise of the British Empire and the Industrial Revolution. These changes in his own society made
him question the origin of state and the evolution of social complexity (Moore, 2000). To answer
these questions, Durkheim believed that all societies should be studied through scientific research
methodology, because Durkheim viewed sociology as the "science of societies" (p. 43). Through
this method, Durkheim developed a variety of hypotheses about society and its evolution; there were
two forms of social integration, mechanical and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity was a
homogeneous society with individuals resembling each other in their positions in society and in their
values and views, creating a conscience collective. In an organic solidarity society, each member of
society is more of an individual, each playing a different role but ultimately under the control of a
central "organ" (p. 47). Societies naturally transition from a mechanical solidarity society to an
organic solidarity society, according to Durkheim, gradually losing the homogeneity, conscience
collective,

Caitlyn Jenner Speech Analysis
Communication is a process that allows us to construct identities based on the interpretation and
intention of speech acts. Caitlyn Jenner, formerly known as Bruce Jenner, spent most her life
identified by her master identity as a cis–white–male and until a few years ago she adopted the
interactional identity of a transgender female. In this paper, I will demonstrate how various forms of
speech acts build, remain and/or change the master and interactional identity of Caitlyn Jenner as
well as her relationships to others. To do so I will explain how Caitlyn Jenner seeks advice from her
close family member Scott Disick to help her understand the variety of speech acts coming from
both her private and public life: ranging from Scott who demonstrate face redress and accept her
based on her new interaction identity as a female, while also dealing with the face threats that come
from those (particularly males) who only see her as her previous master identity as a male. To start,
in lines 1 and 4 Caitlyn seeks to understand the perspective that guy's have on her transition, in both
lines she draws out the word guy to emphasize her lack of understanding on how males think. She
notes that she's struggled with it (male's perspective) even though contextually she had the master
identity of a male the majority of her life, she has always struggled with the standards that come
with that identity and that still remains. Therefore, she seeks the perspective of a close male in her
family to provide her with that outlook. In contrast, Scott, who possess the master identity of a male
and also accepts it as an interactional identity chooses to influx and draw out the word me in line 7
in his account that not every male will be comfortable with her change in identity because while he
notes that he is comfortable with her change in line 24, he also draws out the word every to signify
that he is inferring that male perspectives are not always homogenous and he does this by using an
upward intonation of I to highlight the contrast which is prevalent through his tone change between
both words. Additionally, in line 25, Caitlyn utilizes the example of Kris Humphries tweet– that was
an indirect face threat about her transition–

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