This document summarizes major endocrine disorders including their causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management. It discusses disorders of the pituitary gland (hyperpituitarism, hypopituitarism), thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism), and adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma, Addison's disease). It provides details on the hormonal imbalances, symptoms, and treatment approaches for each condition.

1. MAJOR DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Nio C. Noveno, RN, MAN

4. HORMONE REGULATION: NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

6. ANTERIOR PITUITARY DISORDERS

12. HYPERPITUITARISM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

19. POSTERIOR PITUITARY DISORDERS

28. THYROID DISORDERS

41. HYPERTHYROIDISM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

56. PARATHYROID DISORDERS

65. T rousseau’s & Chvostek’s E levated serum PO 4 ; low Ca 2+ T ingling A lkalosis; Arrhythmias N arrowing of airway I rritability C ramps

67. T C AKE ARE ETANY RACHEOSTOMY ALCIUM GLUCONATE ALCIUM 8.6 – 10.6 mg / dL

68. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

69. ADRENAL GLANDS

73. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA BP HR Diaphoresis BMR VMA Glucose

76. ADDISON'S DISEASE

87. ADDISON’S DISEASE

89. CUSHING'S SYNDROME

93. CUSHING’S SYNDROME

97. DIABETES MELLITUS

102. P olyuria olydipsia olyphagia ruritus aresthesia oor healing oor eyesight

103. Normal Impaired DM FBS <110mg/dl 110-125mg/dl ≥ 126mg/dl 2H OGTT <140mg/dl ≥ 140; <200mg/dl ≥ 200 mg/dl

106. Insulin Onset Peak Duration Ultra rapid acting insulin analog (humalog) 10-15 min 1 H 3 H SAI (humulin regular) ½ - 1 H 2-4 H 4-6 (8) H IAI (humulin lente, Humulin NPH) 3-4 H 4-12 H 16-20 H LAI (Protamine zinc, humulin ultralente) 6-8 H 12-16 H 20-30 H Premixed insulin (NPH-regular [80-20, 70-30, 50-50]) ½-1 H 2-12 H 18-24 hrs Insulin glargine (Lantus ) Slower than NPH No Peak 24 H

130. MAJOR DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THANK YOU! Nio C. Noveno, RN, MAN