THIS SLIDES IS FOR ETHICS SUBJECT

1. “moral
responsibility’’
LAURENCE PASTRANA

2. Moral responsibility Defines the extent to which a person deserves blame
or punishment, praise or word, or should pay
compensation for having done something wrong or
having wrongfully harmed someone. It assumes that
the person performing an act is personally
accountable for the act. As such, moral responsibility
concerns only the moral acts, or those which man
performs knowingly and freely. Since it determines
whether a person, as a doer of an act ,deserves
reward or punishment, moral responsibility
necessarily involves the notion of guilt or innocence.

3. Two determinant of moral
responsibility
1.LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY is based on penal laws
or legal standards strictly enforced by the State.
Legal responsibility involves definite sanction such
as fines,imprisonment,and even death.

4. There are legal obligation for
most small business.
1.Business structure and registrations.
2.Licensing
3.Selling goods and services.
4.Contract
5.Leasing premises
6.Employing staff
7.Occupational health and safety
8.Privacy and information protection
9.intellectual property

5. Moral responsibility (OR MORAL LIABILITY)
of a person is usually determined based on ethical
or moral standards.If a person acts in violation of a
particular standards of morality,he is said to be
morally responsible for the conequences of his
IMMORAL act.

6. Example of moral responsibility in
the workplace:
1.Safe and healty workplace
2.Promt payment of employees
3.Treatment of co-workers
4.Fair treatment of customer.
:

7. Determinants of moral responsibility
 For the person to be held morally responsible for
his act-it is important that his act be deliberate or
voluntary.The act must be KNOWING and FREE.If
a person fully knows and fully intends his
acts,then the act is perfectly voluntary;hence, he
is absulutely responsible for the act and its
consequences.But without knowledge and
freedom,or in the absence of any of this two
attributes,the act becomes less voluntary and the
moral responsibility of the doer becomes less.

8.  It is thus important to take note that a person
is morally responsible only for his act and its
foreseen injurious effects,in which he has:
1.Knowledge of relevant facts and the moral wrongfulness
of the act,and
2.freedom in performing the act,which include abilit y
.

9. Actions with unintended results It is clear that a person is morally respoandnsible
for actions which he performs DELIBERATELY and
their PERCEIVED consequences.But is he also
morally responsible for the result he did not directly
intend?

10. PAUL GLENN(1941) asserts that a doer is
morally responsible for the unintended result
of his act ONLY when
 1.he is able to foresee the evil result or effect,at least,in
a general way.
 2.he is free to refrain from doing that which would
produce the foreseen evil.
 3.the doer has moral obligation not to do that which
produces an evil effect.

11. Double-effects
 Directly related to actions with unintended
results are actions with double-effects.In
cases where the act performed has produced
two different consequences or results,one
good(intended) and the other
evil(unintended),it is unclear whether the doer
is morally liable for the evil result of his action.

12. ALFREDO PANIZO(1964) cites the following
principles to determine the moral responsiblity of
persons whose act produce double-effects.
1.The action which produce double-effects must be
good in itself,or,atleast morally indifferenint.
2.The good effect must not come from the evil
effect.To do evil in order to achieve something
good is not justified.

13. 3.The motive of the doer must be towards the
attainment of the good .The evil is permitted only
as an incidental result.
4.The good effect must outweigh the evil result in its
importance

14. THANK YOU…..