This document provides an overview of the Enlightenment period in Europe, including its key ideas, figures, and impact. The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement that promoted reason, science, and individualism over tradition. Major players who helped spread Enlightenment values included Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Adam Smith. However, not all accepted Enlightenment thinking, as figures like Kant and Wesley emphasized other approaches like faith and experience. The Enlightenment had influence across fields like politics, education, science, and art during the 17th-18th centuries.
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
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Enlightenment for Later Western Civ at Delta College
1. Enlightenment
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN TO YOU?
AND GOD SAID, âLET THERE BE LIGHTâ?
WHAT COMES BEFORE THE LIGHT?
2. The Dark Ages
īMedieval Period (from fall of Rome c.500BC to
Renaissance c.1380s AD)
īĄ Catholic Church dominated peopleâs hearts and mindsâand
was heavily involved in politics
īĄ Education was limited as civilization fought to come back from
the chaos following the decline of the Roman Empire
īĄ Lots of ritual in medieval Catholicism, emphasis on saints,
miracles, mystery
īĸ Monty Python's Take
3. Reformations
īPeople arguing over the reality of flesh and blood in
bread and wine
īĄ Arguing ī religious wars
īĄ Devastated much of Europe, particularly Holy Roman Empire
4. Reformations
īIntolerance of other viewpoints, even among
Protestants
īĄ Despised Anabaptists
īĄ Louis XIV persecuted Huguenots (Fr. Calvinists) as well as
Jansenists (Catholics who accepted some of Lutherâs points)
īĄ Cromwellâs Puritan Republic
īˇ Persecuted Catholics and denied them participation in govt.
5. Scientific Revolution
īNew explanatory modesâobserve nature to explain
how things work rather than looking to God or the
Bible
īThese scientists still largely religious people who
were exploring Godâs world
īMuch of this happening during the Reformations
and Wars of Religion
6. Enlightenment
īWhat are its values?
īWhat is it reacting against?
īWho are the major players?
īWho is being impacted by this âlightâ?
7. Enlightenment Values
īApplication of scientific method to the
understanding of all life
īBuzz wordsâreason, natural law, hope progress
īUnofficial mottoâDare to know! (Immanuel Kant)
10. Major Players-Diderot
īBig contribution-Encyclopedia
īĄ Idea that they could gather all their knowledge in one work,
even if it were 28 volumes
īˇ Optimism
12. Major Players-Adam Smith
īDisliked mercantilism; favored free markets
īĄ Anti-tariff
īĄ State should stay out of the economy
īĄ Labor is the true wealth of a nation
īˇ Associated w/physiocratic ideas of supply and demand and
laissez-faire economics (let it alone)
13. Major Players-Rousseau
īTwo-fold contribution
īĄ Social contractâidea that we give up our individual freedom to
be governed and maintain civility
īˇ Government a necessary evil
īˇ Parachute metaphor
īĄ Education ideaâleave children alone to explore; donât stick
them in desks in classrooms
īĄ Not so enlightened re:gender
14. Major Players-Mary Astell
īWomen need to be better educated
īĄ Used arguments of Enlightened men against them
15. Major Players-Mary Wollstonecraft
īLike Astell, pointed out hypocrisy of Enlightened
menâs arguments vs. monarchy and for freedom
when they were subjugating their wives
16. Major Players-Salons
īGathering place for Enlightened thinkers
īĄ Run by women (in the home, food, hospitality, so no challenge
to tradition in that way)
īĄ Madame Geoffrin mentioned in text
17. Limits of Enlightenment
īKantâReason can only take you so far
īĄ Guy who coined the unofficial motto also pointed out the
limitations
īĄ Famous quotes:
īˇ To be is to do.
īˇ Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.
īˇ Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal
law.
īˇ You can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.
18. Limits of Enlightenment-Wesley
īFounder of Methodism
īĄ Trying to revive Anglican church
īĄ Mystical experience of God
īĄ Opposed to rationalistic approach of orthodox Lutherans
19. Limits of Enlightenment-Rococo
īOver-the-top style that blended well with Baroque
īĄ Emphasized grace and gentle action
īĄ Fondness for curves
20. In Line with Enlightenment Values-
NeoClassicism
īGoing back, again, to simplicity and dignity of
ancient Greece and Rome
īĄ (interesting that theyâre arguing for greater participation in
government along the lines of democracy and representative
republicsâhmmmmmâĻâĻ)
21. Music and Order, Reason
īBach, Handel--Baroque
īMozart part of the Classical music trend