Presentation about Russian Philosophy in 19th century

1. RUSSIAN
PHYLOSOPHY

2. Important facts
 The characteristic features of Russian philosophy are: cosmism,
sophiology (the doctrine of Sophia), spiritual commonality,
metaphysics, religiosity, intuitionism, positivism, realism
(ontogonism).
 No other philosophy involves so many reflections on the fate of
their country.
 Plato is much more significant figure for Russian philosophy
than Aristotle
 For many centuries Russian philosophy has been closely
connected to literature and poetry. Therefore, it should be
studied via works of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, Tyutchev and
Vladimir Solovyov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy

3. Russian philosophy of
XIX century
 Shellingism in Russia appeared at the beginning of the
XIX century. In 1823, the Society of Wisdom was
created.

4.  Peter Chaadaev- the father of the original philosophy,
he studied the meaning of Russia as a separate
civilization. He repeated the old ideas about the
mechanistic structure of the world and the
providential nature of history.
 Alexei Khomyakov, considered unsatisfactory this
vision of the meaning of Russia, defended the idea of
unity.
 Ivan Kireevsky, defended the ideal of pre-Peter the
Great Patriarchal Russia.
 Konstantin Aksakov made a distinction between the
country and the state.

5. Vladimir Solovyov
Solovyov compiled a philosophy based
on Hellenistic and early Christian
tradition with Buddhism and Hebrew
Kabbalistic elements. He also studied
Gnosticism and the works of the
Gnostic Valentinus.
His religious philosophy was syncretic
and fused philosophical elements of
various religious traditions with
Orthodox Christianity and his own
experience of Sophia. His works on
Sophia, conceived as the merciful
unifying feminine wisdom.

6. Leo Tolstoy
One of the central places in Russian philosophy is
occupied by Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910). His philosophy was
influenced by Kant, Rousseau, Schopenhauer. Tolstoy's
views were shared by many contemporaries and
followers. Gandhi himself considered Tolstoy his teacher

7.  In his philosophy, Tolstoy recognizes the value of the
moral component of religion, but denies all its
theological aspects ("true religion"). The goal of
understanding is seen in man's search for the
meaning of life.

8. Nikolai Berdyaev
He was a Russian political and
also Christian religious
philosopher who emphasized
the existential spiritual
significance of human freedom
and the human itself.

9. Georgi Plekhanov
Russian revolutionary and a Marxist theoretician. He
was a founder of the social-democratic movement in
Russia and was one of the first Russians to identify
himself as "Marxist."

10. Thank you!