2. LOGICAL APPEALS
• “If this is true, then that must be true.”
• “This must be true because…”
• “Yes, that makes sense to me.”
• Need to have reasons, need to be valid(true), can
be supported by evidence
• Facts and statistics
• Expert testimony
3. LOGICAL FALLACIES
• Hasty generalizations
• I think hats should be allowed in the classroom; all tenth
graders think they should be allowed.
Name calling
He may think hats are stupid, but he’s stupid for thinking that.
Either/or
Either we make hats a part of the dress code or students will stop
coming to school.
False cause/effect
Since students have been allowed to wear hats, there have
been few classroom disruptions.
4. EMOTIONAL APPEALS
• Loaded words
• Relaxed vs. lazy, careful vs. sneaky, athletic vs. jock
Bandwagon
• Don’t miss out!
Fear Appeal
• Millions of Americans are being diagnosed with cancer
every day. Eating green vegetables can eliminate your
worries about this disease.