1. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING:
AN INTRODUCTION
Objectives
At the end of the report, the students will be able to
understand the following:
1. Learn the History & Definition of Development
Planning
2. Learn the legal basis for local development
planning
3. Identify the organizations directly responsible in
local development planning
2. HISTORY
The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160)
provided the mechanism for decentralization
and local autonomy.
The law was conceived for the following goals:
Develop a self-reliant and vibrant communities
Broaden the powers and authority of the local
government units (LGUs)
Speed up development of the countryside
However, translating the Code into reality
remains a challenge as gaps are revealed
between performance and expectation.
3. HISTORY
To address these problems, the Department of
Interior & Local Government (DILG) has
developed the so-called INTEGRATED
CAPABILITY BUILDING PROGRAM (ICBP).
It has five core components:
1. Management Systems
2. Development Planning
3. Local Legislation
4. Local Financial Management
5. Community Mobilization
4. MAJOR FEATURE OF ICBP
The ICBP is designed with the principle that:
The LGUs are the primary actors of the program with
the DILG serving as a facilitator.
Thus, the success of the program rests heavily on
the degree of commitment and participation of the
LGUs.
The major feature of the ICBP is that:
It is hands-on
On-site
Output-oriented
5. MAJOR FEATURE OF ICBP
The ICBP assures:
Maximum LGU participation
Its outputs are specific
Sustainability at every level of LGU
It is demand driven which means
It is designed to respond, as much as possible, to
the specific needs of our partner local governments.
ICBP is premised on the fundamental notion:
The local governments are the center of all local
development activities.
6. DEFINITION OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
It is one of the core components of the ICBP
to serve as an effective delivery tool and a
strategy to provide direction for physical
development and accelerating economic
growth.
It aims to capture the aspirations and desire
of the citizenry on the type and level of
development they want to attain at a certain
time.
7. PURPOSES OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
To optimize the use of resources at the right
time without sacrificing the environment;
To provide direction in the execution of
development programs/projects;
To solicit and ensure citizen’s participation in
decision making concerning social and
economic development;
To respond to the requirements of the local
government code.
8. PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Development planning involves:
Gathering and processing of data about the
community;
Determining and prioritizing the needs and
problems to be addressed;
Identifying development opportunities which
can be harnessed towards the realization of
a better quality of life.
9. NEEDS OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
For the past decades, studies on local development
planning have been conducted and results show that
development planning is one area of concern which has
to be strengthened among the LGUs.
Identified Needs/Problems:
Local development planners need to enhance their skills in the
actual preparation of development plans;
Policy makers need to upgrade their knowledge of how to
come up with strategies that could bring about a more
systematic and coordinated approach to development.
LGUs particularly 5th and 6th class are having difficulty in
devising an effective planning scheme because of inadequate
manpower.
Other problem is the emergence of so many guidelines and
textbooks on local development planning which leads to
confusions.
10. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVE IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Development Planning as one of the components
of ICBP mainly deals with capability building of the
three organizations/bodies in the LGUs that are
directly involved in planning:
Local Development Council
Local Planning and Development Staff
The Sanggunian
11. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Annual Investment Program (AIP) – is the annual component of
the Local Development Investment Plan (LDIP) which represents
more realistic estimates of development expenditures and
revenues of the LGU for the year.
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) – is a legal
document which integrates the different sectoral plans and
programs which the LGU shall implement for a specific period of
time.
Development Strategy – A course of action adopted to attain
development objectives.
Goal Statement – refers to the long term end result the LGU
seeks to attain in the pursuit of its vision.
Land Use Plan – a proposal for the future use of land which is in
accordance with the social and economic activities of the people.
It must consider the requirements for food production, human
settlements, environmental protection and industrial expansion.
12. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Local Development Investment Program (LDIP) – is a planning
tool used in implementing the comprehensive local development
plan. It is a multi-layer listing of programs and projects with cost
estimates and sources of funds.
Local Development Planning (LDP)– is a deliberate, rational
and continuous effort of the LGU to accelerate the process of
development of preparing a set of decisions, optimizing use of
local resources, with active participation of the community.
Monitoring – the process of overseeing the implementation of
plans and projects through a regular feedback mechanism to
improve project execution.
Objectives – are concise statements of condition the LGU
desires to achieve within a specific prescribed period. It
considers the human dimension of development, the socio-
economic indicators such as income, employment, education and
health. In its formulation, it should observe the SMART principle:
SPECIFIC, MEASURABLE, ATTAINABLE, REALISTIC and
TIME-BOUNDED.
13. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Priority Projects – projects that rank high in general desirability
and feasibility in solving a development problem or achieving a
development objective.
Program – a package of interrelated projects within a definite
economic condition of the community which is critical to its
current and future development efforts.
Socio-Economic and Physical Profile (SEPP) – is a document
that describes the present or actual situation of the community in
relation to its natural and human resources. It also includes
historical background, physical features and land uses. Data and
information are presented by sector to facilitate access to
information by planners in the formulation of the local
development plan.
Thrusts – refers to major areas of concern the LGU must
immediately address to generate results that would lead to the
improvement of the quality of life of the people in the community.
Zoning Ordinance – is a legal document to enforce the LGU’s
land use plan.
14. LEGAL BASES FOR PLANNING
The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides
the basis for all development efforts.
The provisions about planning are
specifically found in Article II, Declaration of
Principles and State Policies where the
preparation of the national development plan
is mandated.
15. LEGAL BASES FOR PLANNING
1. Among the planning directions implied in the general
principles of the 1987 Constitution are as follows:
Promotion of social justice in all phases of national
development (Sec. 10);
Recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation-building,
encouraging their involvement in public and civic affairs (Sec.
13);
Recognition of the role of women in nation-building (Sec. 14);
Promotion of the right to health of the people (Sec. 15);
Advancing the right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology (Sec. 16);
Promotion of comprehensive rural development and agrarian
reform (Sec. 21);
Recognition of the rights of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity and development (Sec.
22);
Involvement of non-governmental organizations, community-
based or sectoral organizations in public affairs (Sec. 23);
16. LEGAL BASES FOR PLANNING
2. The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) provide the following
provisions for planning:
Section 106 mandates that each local government unit (LGU) shall have a
comprehensive multi-sectoral development plan to be initiated by its
development council and approved by its Sanggunian.
Section 20 requires that the local government units shall, in conformity with
existing laws, continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use
plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and
dominant basis for the future use of land resources.
Section 44 number 1(ii) – in this provision, the Municipal Mayor is mandated
to direct the formulation of the Municipal Development Plan, with the
assistance of the Municipal Development Council, and upon the approval
thereof by the Sangguniang Bayan, implement the same.
Section 468 paragraph 2 (vii) – this provision mandates the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan to review the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and
zoning ordinances of component cities and municipalities and adopt a
Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan (CPLUP), subject to existing laws.
17. LEGAL BASES FOR PLANNING
3. Office of the President Memorandum
Circular No. 2:
In this circular dated July 17, 1992, all
government departments, offices and
instrumentalities, including the local government
units, are directed to formulate their respective
medium-term plans and public investment
programs for the period 1993-1998.
18. LEGAL BASES FOR PLANNING
4. DILG Memorandum Circular No. 92-41:
This circular dated July 6, 1992 mandated the local
government units to prepare, as a minimum requirement,
their one year of annual investment programs.
5. Malacanang Executive Order No. 72:
This issuance dated March 25, 1993 mandated the City
or Municipal Development Council (CDC/MDC) to
initiate the formulation or updating of its land use plan, in
consultation with the concerned sectors in the
community.
21. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
It is the planning body of the LGU which assists
the Sanggunian in setting the direction for
economic and social development efforts within
its territorial jurisdiction.
How LDCs are called:
Barangay – Barangay Development Council (BDC)
Municipality – Municipal Development Council
(MDC)
City – City Development Council (CDC)
Province – Provincial Development Council (PDC)
22. COMPOSITION OF THE
BARANGAY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The BDC shall be headed by the Punong
Barangay and shall be composed of the
following members:
Members of the Sangguniang Barangay
Representatives of NGOs operating in the
barangay, who shall constitute not less than ¼ of
the members of the fully organized council;
A representative of the Congressman.
23. FUNCTIONS OF THE
BARANGAY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The BDC exercise the following functions:
Mobilize people’s participation in local
development functions efforts;
Prepare barangay development plans based on
local requirements;
Monitor and evaluate the implementation of
national or local programs and projects; and
Perform such other functions as may be
provided by law or competent authority.
24. COMPOSITION OF THE
CITY/MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The CDC/MDC shall be headed by the Mayor
and shall be composed of the following
members:
All Punong Barangays in the City or Municipality;
The Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations of
the Sangguniang Panglunsod or Sangguniang
Bayan concerned;
The Congressman or his representative; and
The Representatives of NGOs operating in the City
or Municipality, as the case may be, who shall
constitute not less than ¼ of the members of the fully
organized Council.
The NGO representatives must have been accredited by
the Sanggunian and elected in accordance with the
procedures stipulated in the Rules and Regulations
Implementing the Local Government Code of 1991.
25. COMPOSITION OF THE
PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The PDC is headed by the Governor and shall
be composed of the following members:
All Mayors of component Cities and Municipalities;
The Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations of
the Sangguniang Panlalawigan;
The Congressman or his representative; and
Representatives of NGOs operating in the province,
who shall constitute not less than ¼ of the members
of the fully organized Council.
The NGO representatives must have been accredited by
the Sanggunian and elected in accordance with the
procedures stipulated in the Rules and Regulations
Implementing the Local Government Code of 1991.
26. FUNCTIONS OF THE CITY
MUNICIPAL & PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS
Review and prioritize the proposed development programs and
projects that will form part of the Local Development Investment
Program (LDIP) and subsequent Annual Investment Program
(AIP);
Integrates all plans of the sectoral or functional committees and
those from the immediate lower development councils;
Formulate long-term, medium-term and annual socio-economic
development plans and policies;
Formulate the medium-term and annual public investment
programs;
Appraise and prioritize socio-economic development programs
and projects;
Formulate local investment incentives to promote the inflow and
direction of private investment capital;
Coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of
development programs and projects; and
Perform such other functions as may be provided by law or
competent authority.
27. THE LDC MEETINGS
The LDC shall meet at least once every six (6)
months or as often as may be necessary. During
such meetings, the following are some of its expected
outputs:
Formulate the LGU’s Vision, Mission and Development
Thrust as an initial step in planning;
Formulate goals, objectives and set targets;
Source funds for development activities;
Grant incentives to attract investors;
Formulate policies on citizens participation;
Evaluate the participation and performance of the
POs/NGOs/Private sector in the Local Special Bodies
and recommend to the Sanggunian appropriate action,
when needed; and
Subject the comprehensive development plan and other
plans to a public hearing.
28. THE LDC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
In a form of resolution, the provincial, city,
municipal, or barangay development council,
shall within three (3) months from its
organization, create an Executive Committee
and act in behalf of the LDC when it is not in
session.
29. COMPOSITION OF THE LDC EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE IN THE PROVINCE
Governor as Chairman
Representative of the component City and
municipal mayors to be chosen from among
themselves
Chairman of the Committee on
Appropriations of the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan
President of the Provincial League of
Barangays
Representative of NGOs that are
represented in the LDC, as members
30. COMPOSITION OF THE LDC EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE IN THE CITY/MUNICIPALITY
Mayor as the Chairman
Chairman of the Committee on
Appropriations of the Sangguniang
Panglunsod or Sangguniang Bayan
President of the City or Municipal League of
Barangays
Representative of NGOs that are
represented in the LDC, as members
31. COMPOSITION OF THE LDC EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE IN THE BARANGAY
Punong Barangay as Chairman
Representative of the Sangguniang
Barangay to be chosen from among its
members
Representative of NGOs that are
represented in the LDC as members
32. POWERS & FUNCTIONS OF THE
LDC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Ensure that the decisions of the LDC are
faithfully carried out and implemented;
Act on matters that need immediate attention or
action by the LDC;
Formulate policies, plans and programs based
on the objectives and priorities set by the LDC;
and
Take final action on matters that may be
authorized by the LDC except the approval of
local development plans and annual investment
plans.
33. LDC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETINGS
The Executive Committee shall hold
meetings at least once a month.
Special meetings may be called by the
Chairman or by a majority of its members.
34. SECTORAL OR FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEES
Maybe formed by the LDC to assist them in the
performance of their functions.
To ensure policy coordination and uniformity in
operational directions, these committees shall directly
establish linkages with national government agencies
and such sectoral or functional committees organized
by the government for development, investment and
consultative purposes.
Each member of the LDC shall, as far as practicable,
participate in at least one sectoral or functions
committee.
35. FUNCTIONS OF THE
SECTORAL/FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEES
Provide the LDC with data and information essential to the
formulation of plans, programs and activities;
Define sectoral or functional objectives, set targets and identify
programs, projects, and activities for the particular sector or
function;
Collate and analyze data of the sector and conduct related
studies;
Conduct public hearings on vital issues affecting the sector or
function;
Coordinate planning, programming, and implementation of
programs, projects and activities within each sector;
Monitor and evaluate program and projects;
Perform such other functions as may be assigned by the LDC.
The LDC may avail of the services of any NGO or educational or
research institution for its purpose.
36. INTERNAL RULES AND PROCEDURES OF THE LDC
The LDC shall establish its internal rules and
procedures to guide its internal affairs. This shall
focus on:
Membership
Regular and special meetings
Quorum
Presiding officers
Sectoral and functional committees
NGO, PO and private sector participation
Transparency policies of LDC
Intergovernmental relations and coordination
Committee reports
Other rules and regulations
37. THE SECRETARIAT
The LDC Secretariat is headed by the Local
Planning and Development Coordinator.
It provides technical and administrative
support to the Local Development Council.
38. THE SECRETARIAT
Specifically, it performs the following:
Collect, tabulate, and analyze data needed in
planning. (The next slide for the data bank
component)
Conduct researches and other studies to
provide scientific basis for planning and plan
implementation
Prepare notice of meetings to all members of
the committee, minutes of meetings/public
hearings/other LDC activities and maintain
records of the committee.
Submit accomplishment reports required.
39. THE SECRETARIAT
The data bank shall include the following:
List of NGOs/POs operating in the locality;
List of local special bodies with their members;
List of local ordinances and resolutions relative to
planning which are passed by the Sanggunian, including
executive orders, memorandum circulars affecting
planning;
Data on professionals and vocationally-trained
constituents;
List of public infrastructures in the locality;
List of business establishments;
Copies of previous and current Development Plans (Land
Use, Medium Term Investment Plan, Annual Investment
Program, etc.);
Complete list of LDC members, past and present;
List of completed programs, projects and activities
41. FUNCTIONS OF THE LOCAL PLANNING
& DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
The planning and development office is headed
by the Planning and Development Coordinator.
It shall perform the following tasks and
responsibilities:
Prepare integrated economic, social, physical and
other development plans and policies including
comprehensive plans for consideration of the local
government development council;
Conduct continuing studies, researches and training
programs necessary to evolve plans and programs
for implementation;
Put together sectoral plans and studies undertaken
by the different functional groups or agencies;
42. FUNCTIONS OF THE LOCAL PLANNING
& DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
Follow-up and evaluate implementation of the
different development programs, projects and
activities in the LGU concerned in accordance
with the approved development plan;
Study the income and spending patterns of the
local government unit and formulate and
recommend fiscal plans and policies for
consideration of the finance committee of the
LGU concerned;
43. FUNCTIONS OF THE LOCAL PLANNING
& DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
Promote people participation in development
planning within the LGU concerned; and
The local planning and development coordinator shall
exercise supervision and control over the secretariat
of the local development council.
In addition, during public hearings, the LPDO
shall assist the LDC in the selection of issues
which the Council would like to submit to a public
discussion and consideration.
44. FUNCTIONS OF THE LOCAL PLANNING
& DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
There are fifth and sixth class municipalities where
because of lack of funds, have only one staff appointed
(the MPDC) to perform the responsibilities of the MPDO.
In this case, it is advised that the municipality should exert
efforts to create positions as may be necessary.
This is based on the fact that technical responsibilities
cannot be performed by only one or two persons and to
ensure that the MPDO can perform its functions
effectively.
However, if the above is not feasible, the Mayor may
create a task force or an Ad-Hoc Committee to assist the
MPDC in the performance of his functions. The members
thereof who shall be directed to do specific work, may
come from different departments or units in the
municipality on detailed status. The members shall return
to their mother units once the task is finished.
46. COMPOSITION & GENERAL FUNCTION
The Sanggunian is the legislative body in the
LGU with the Vice Chief Executive in the
provincial/city/municipal levels and the
Punong Barangay as the presiding officers.
As a legislative body, the Sanggunian enacts
ordinances, passes resolutions and
appropriates funds for the general welfare of
the locality and its inhabitants.
47. MEMBERS OF THE BODY
AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
PROVINCIAL LEVEL:
Vice Governor as the presiding officer
Regular sanggunian members
President of the provincial chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay
President of the Panlalawigang Pederasyon ng mga
Sangguniang Kabataan
President of the Provincial Federation of Sangguniang members
of the Municipality and component cities
Sectoral representatives
Three sectoral representatives coming from the:
Women
Agricultural or industrial workers
Other sectors, including urban poor, indigenous cultural communities
or disabled persons.
48. MEMBERS OF THE BODY
AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
CITY/MUNICIPALITY LEVEL:
Vice Mayor as presiding officer
Regular sanggunian members
President of the City/Municipal chapter of the Liga ng
mga Barangay
President of the Panglunsod/pambayang pederasyon
ng mga Sangguniang Kabataan
Sectoral representatives, as members
Three sectoral representatives coming from the:
Women
Agricultural or industrial workers
Other sectors, including urban poor, indigenous cultural
communities or disabled persons.
49. MEMBERS OF THE BODY
AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
BARANGAY LEVEL:
Punong Barangay as presiding officers
Seven (7) regular sangguniang barangay
members
Sangguniang Kabataan chairman
50. PLANNING FUNCTION
Parallel to the lawmaking function of the Sanggunian is
a planning responsibility where it reviews the
development plans of the LGU before the same is
adopted and approved through a resolution.
Specifically, the Sanggunian is responsible for the
following:
1. Accredit the NGOs for membership in the LDC
2. Review and analyze development plan
3. Approve and adopt the development plan
4. Adopt planning policies
5. Allocate funds to finance the development plan
6. Monitor implementation of the plan
51. 1. ACCREDITATION OF NGO
FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE LDC
The Sanggunian is responsible for the accreditation
of the community-based people’s organizations in the
locality.
Within 30 days from the organization of the newly
elected sanggunian, each sanggunian shall call all
community-based organizations or non-government
organizations, including business and professional
groups, and other similar aggrupations who are
interested to become members in the local special
bodies, to apply with the LGU concerned for
accreditation for membership in the local special
bodies.
52. CRITERIA FOR ACCREDITATION
Registration with either the SEC, CDA, DOLE,
DSWD, or any recognized national government
agency that accredits people’s organization, NGOs or
the private sector.
If not formally registered, the said organization may be
recognized by the sanggunian for purposes only of
meeting the minimum requirements for membership of
such organizations in local special bodies.
Organizational purpose and objectives of the
NGOs/POs include community organization and
development, institution building, local enterprise
development, livelihood development, capability
building, and similar developmental objectives and
considerations;
53. CRITERIA FOR ACCREDITATION
That the NGO/PO is community based with
project development and implementation
track record of at least one (1) year;
Reliability as evidenced by the preparation of
annual reports and conduct of annual
meetings duly certified by the board
secretary of the organization.
54. 2. REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE
COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANS.
The Sanggunian reviews the Comprehensive
Development Plan (CDP), the Local
Development Investment Program (LDIP)
and the Annual Investment Program (AIP)
before approval and adoption.
55. 3. APPROVAL AND ADOPTION OF THE
COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The comprehensive development plan is approved and
adopted by the Sanggunian in a manner stipulated in their
internal rules and procedures. This process proceeds with
the following steps:
1. The plan as revised/refined by the local planning and
development office, based on the recommendations,
suggestions and opinions submitted by the hearing
board, shall be submitted by the local chief executive to
the Sanggunian for adoption; and
2. The Sanggunian shall through a resolution adopt the
comprehensive development plan. A copy of the
Sanggunian resolution relative to the town plan
document shall be attached to the town plan.
56. 4. ADOPTION OF PLANNING POLICIES
The Sanggunian shall set policies and
guidelines to be observed in the preparation
of the plan.
57. 5. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS
The Sanggunian is responsible for allocating
funds to finance implementation of the
comprehensive development plan.
This is made through approval by the
Sanggunian of the executive budget
submitted by the local chief executive.
It must see to it that the Annual Investment
Program (AIP) operationalized by the Annual
Budget is funded.
58. 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
The Sanggunian shall monitor plan
implementation as part of its oversight
functions. The areas to be covered include
the following:
1. Program/Project Efficiency
2. Program/Project Effectiveness
59. 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
1. Program/Project Efficiency:
The Sanggunian shall review planned vs.
actual activities and costs as well as the
reasons behind any deviations.
The evaluation shall answer the question:
What could have been done to minimize inputs
and maximize outputs?
60. 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
2. Program/Project Effectiveness:
The Sanggunian shall conduct an analysis on the extent
to which project goals and objectives have been achieved.
In the conduct of impact evaluation, some important
considerations may consist of the following questions:
a) Whether the target beneficiaries are being reached.
b) Whether the identified constraints have been or are
being mitigated or otherwise circumvented, and if not,
why not?
c) Whether the output targets are being met and, if not,
why not?
d) If the project objectives or targets are not being met,
what lessons can be learned, which can be feed back
into the selection and design of new projects?
61. 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
It is very important that the results of monitoring and
evaluation, i.e., the lessons of experience from
implementation, should be fed back to the project
planners and to the people who do the identification
and preparation of projects.
The oversight function of the Sanggunian is founded
on the premise that it has the power of inquiry, in
which case, they may conduct investigations covering
the implementation of development projects to find
out its defects and find means to remedy them. This
is part of the Committee’s reportorial requirements.
62. CROSS VISITS TO MODEL CITY/MUNICIPAL
LEGISLATIVE BODIES (LOCAL/FOREIGN)
The Sanggunian may authorize some or all
of its members to visit a model LGU.
The purpose of this activity is for the
members to have an opportunity to observe
and learn how this model LGU work as a
development planning body.
