case studies on directing processof mangement

1. Question 1:
‘Classic Rocks’ is a pioneering advertisement making company. Mr. Anuj is a
dynamic manager who has recently joined the organisation. He receives complete
support from the management. There is proper infrastructure, planning mechanism
and subordinate support. He gives orders and starts the actual working of a new unit
from the 1st of May. His schedule becomes very hectic. The demanding work
involves him almost throughout the day. He is busy giving messages, talking to his
subordinates or seniors, etc. throughout the day. One day he meets his friend Vijay
who is working at the lower level management though he himself is a part of middle
level management. He finds that even Vijay is involved in communicating and
supervising his employees throughout the year though he works at the lower level
management. Similar is the case with his seniors working at the higher level
management. He feels relaxed after knowing this and continues his work with even
more dedication.
1. Which function of management is highlighted in the above case?
2. Identify the features of this function of management highlighted in the
above case.
Answer:
1. The function of management which is highlighted in the above case is
directing.
The features of directing highlighted in the above case are:
1. Directing initiates action. He gives orders and starts the actual
working of a new unit from the 1st of May.
2. Directing takes place at every level of management. He finds that
even Vijay is involved in communicating and supervising his employees
throughout the year though he works at the lower level management.
Similar is the case with his seniors working at the higher level of
management.
3. Directing is a continuous process. He is busy giving messages,
talking to his subordinates or seniors, etc. throughout the day.
Question 2:
Ramesh who has recently received award of the most talented manager is very able.
He has helped the starting of various halted projects by guiding his subordinates and
removing their doubts through proper directing. This has helped the workers achieve
their targets on time. He knows that every member of the team is important for the
completion of a project. So he guides his team in such a manner that every single
effort of every single employee matters and is directed towards the achievement of
objectives. There is a lighter side to his personality also. He is very jovial. He cares
about his team. This has helped him bring cooperation and commitment among his
team members thus bringing a unique balance between activities and the group.
However this has not prevented him from having a keen vision of a leader.
Whenever the subordinates resist any change he tries to bring their cooperation by
proper explanations and consistent efforts. The top level management also sees a

2. big role for him in the future.
Identify the importance of directing highlighted in the above case.
Answer:
The importance of directing highlighted in the above case are:
1. Directing helps in initiating action. He has helped the starting of
various halted projects by guiding his subordinates and removing their
doubts through proper directing.
2. Directing helps in integrating efforts. So he guides his team in such a
manner that every single effort of every single employee matters and is
directed towards the achievement of objectives.
3. Directing helps in bringing stability and balance in the
organisation. This has helped him bring cooperation and commitment
among his team members thus bringing a unique balance between
activities and the group.
4. Directing helps in introducing changes. Whenever the subordinates
have resisted any change he has tried to bring their cooperation by
proper explanations and consistent efforts.
Question 3:
Subhash is a lower level manager. He stays at the shop floor. He oversees and
guides the workers, instructs them whenever required and ensures optimum
utilisation of resources so that the goals at the shop floor could be achieved. He is
very hard working. He tries to stay in touch with the workers on a regular basis. He
has made a weekly advice taking programme. This programme in which suggestions
from workers are taken is very important for creating a feeling of common group. He
himself was a worker for 15 years before he became a lower level manager. This is
the reason why he knows everything about the machines and situations on the shop
floor. He gives guidance to the workers as they do their job, tells them how to tackle
the machines and continuously improve their output. Workers are very friendly with
him. He ensures that the workers do their work properly and gives his approval or
disapproval about their work on a continuous basis. The workers respect him. He is
acting as a role model to them and has motivated them to work more and more by
setting his own example. The middle level management is thinking of giving Subhash
a bigger role in future.
Which element of directing is displayed by Subhash in the above case?
Identify the importance of this element highlighted in the above case. Also identify
the lines.
Answer:
The element of directing displayed by Subhash is Supervision. He oversees and
guides the workers, instructs them whenever required and ensures optimum
utilisation of resources so that the goals at the shop floor could be achieved.
The importance of supervision highlighted in the above case:
1. Supervision helps in achieving day to day contact with the
workers. He tries to stay in touch with the workers on a regular basis.
2. Supervision helps in achieving group unity. This programme in
which suggestions from workers are taken is very important for creating
a feeling of common group.

3. 3. Supervision helps in providing on the job training to the
workers. He gives guidance to the workers as they do their job, tells
them how to tackle the machines and continuously improve their output.
4. Supervision helps in providing feedback to the workers. He ensures
that the workers do their work properly and gives his approval or
disapproval about their work on a continuous basis.
5. Supervision helps in influencing others. He is acting as a role model
to them and has motivated them to work more and more by setting his
own example.
Question 4:
Identify the elements of directing in the following cases:
1. Arun who is the departmental head of his organisation decides to
improve the performance of his department. He decides to give some
financial and non financial incentives to his subordinates. He knows
these incentives will satisfy their needs. Therefore they will be
stimulated to take actions from their side.
2. Rajeev is an HR manager leading a team of 12 people. He knows that
the duties and responsibilities of an HR employee are challenging. He
knows in order to make his team work with a positive frame of mind, he
will have to set a personal example as a role model and influence their
behaviour and working style to increase the output of his team.
3. Priya and Raghav are discussing about an element of directing. They
say that without this element no group or people can achieve a common
understanding. This element requires effort from both the sides and
consumes 90% of the time of a manager.
4. Rajesh who works at the shop floor is a lower level manager. He is
heading a team of 25 workers. He oversees and guides their efforts on a
regular basis and tries to maximize the output of his unit by timely giving
them feedback. His team has group unity and works with dedication to
complete their targets on time.
5. Kavita is a CEO. She has recently replaced Mr. Anuj who was an
unsuccessful CEO. The profits of the company fell to a new low during
his time. Kavita has a lot of challenges in front of her, major being the
lack of enthusiasm in the organisation. In order to set things right she is
trying to set a personal example in front of the employees by working
with dedication and putting 16 to 17 hours in her job on a daily basis.
6. Akash works in a telecom company. He is leading a team of more than
100 employees. Daily he drops messages to them, convenes meeting
and arranges a suggestion box in his department. He listens to the
advices and suggestions of his subordinates very carefully and tries to
implement them whereever possible. He is quite clear in his delivery of
messages and conveys his thoughts properly.
Answer:
The elements of directing identified in respective cases are:
1. Motivation

4. 2. Leadership
3. Communication
4. Supervision
5. Leadership
6. Communication
Question 5:
Atul is a branch manager of a bank in a suburban area of a city. The employees of
this branch have not been able to do very well in the recent past. He is upset due to
their poor performance and decides to know the reason behind it. After some
research he finds out that each employee has some reason to join the bank. This
reason if satisfied could improve the performance of that person.
Which element of directing has been identified by Atul here?
Name one more interrelated concept.
Answer:
The concept of directing identified by Atul is motive.
One more interrelated concept is motivation.
Question 6:
Identify the steps of motivation process in the following cases:
1. Rajeev is concerned about his new job. He has got a good job but the
problem is distance. He is very far from his home and his family needs
his support.
2. Sudeep got transferred to various departments and companies. He is a
pass-out from a good college. That is why he never had shortage of
availability of jobs. Finally he got settled in a department of operations.
He is happy as he feels here is where he can make difference to his
company since his favourite subject was operations management.
3. Ramesh is trying to get the job of his nature. He is applying to various
companies. He is searching for new options at concerned websites.
4. Joy has got a job of a branch manager in a company. He was offered a
decent salary of ?50,000 per month. However when he started receiving
payment at the end of the month he got only ?42,000. Now he considers
this salary as insufficient.
Answer:
The steps of motivation highlighted in the above cases respectively are:
1. Tension (Step 2)
2. Reduction of Tension (Step 6)
3. Search Behaviour (Step 4)
4. Unsatisfied need (Step 1)
Question 7:
‘Brightest Papers’ is a leading paper manufacturing company. The enthusiasm level
of employees in this organisation is very high. The management has applied a
process of directing where the financial and non financial needs of the employees
are identified and are satisfied accordingly. The result has been amazing for the

5. organisation. The output levels of the employees have touched a new high. Recently
an award was also given to the HR department of the organisation for doing its job in
the best manner in the industry. Two years back when the organisation had not
applied this process the employees were leaving the organisation and were not loyal
but now the situation has changed and there has been increase in the number of
applicants for various jobs in the company. The organisation believes that its best
resource is the human. The idea is to maximize the output of the human resources.
There are many steps taken to increase the input of the employees and for this the
work environment is made interesting in order to increase their regularity which has
obviously increased the labour input during the recent years. The company is now
among the most inspiring organisations in the industry.
1. Which element of directing has been applied by the management?
2. Which benefits of this element are highlighted in the above case?
Answer:
1. The element of directing applied by the management is motivation. The
management has applied a process of directing where the financial and
non financial needs of the employees are identified and are satisfied
accordingly.
2. The benefits of Motivation highlighted in the above case are:
o Motivation helps in increasing the performance level of
the employees and the overall organisation. The output
levels of the employees have touched a new high.
o Motivation helps in reducing the employee turnover of
the company and thus helps the organisation in
retaining employees. Two years back when the
organisation had not applied this process the employees
were leaving the
organisation and were not loyal but now the situation has
changed and there has been increase in the number of
applicants for various jobs in the company.
3. Motivation helps in reducing absenteeism in the
organisation. There are many steps taken to increase the input of the
employees and for this the work environment is made interesting in
order to increase their regularity which has obviously increased the
labour input during the recent years.
Question 8:
Manav wanted to bring some changes in his company. One of those changes was
the establishment of new software in the organisation. The software has the
capability to judge the performance of all the employees. Thus it makes them more
accountable. However, recently it so happened that the employees resisted Manav’s
decision. After a lot of thinking on the issue he decided to call a meeting to address
their needs and performance. He told them that with the installation of the new
software their needs would be fulfilled and the best performing employee would be
rewarded. Thus he was able to bring down the resistance level of the employees.

6. 1. Which concept of directing is applied by Manav in the above case?
2. Which one benefit of this concept has been highlighted in the above
case?
Answer:
1. Manav had applied motivation in the above case.
2. The benefit of motivation highlighted in the above case is that it is able
to introduce changes in the organisation by putting down the
resistance of the employees.
Question 9:
A company has a number of employees who don’t harbour good feelings for the
organisation. They don’t care whether the organisation is progressing or not. Some
of them are even having negative attitude towards the management. When a local
newspaper wanted to find out the reason for the declining productivity of the
organisation it was found that it was mainly due to the lack of any incentives in the
organisation. Employees were not awarded for increasing the output of the
organisation.
1. What do you think needs to be done in such circumstances?
2. What could be the positive outcome of your step?
Answer:
1. The organisation should apply the process of motivation here. They
should identify the needs of the employees and satisfy them. There
should be a proper reward/award system for the better performers.
2. By applying the process of motivation it can be expected that the
neutral or negative attitude of the employees will be turned into
positive. This will bring progress for the organisation.
Question 10:
Identify the Maslow’s needs applicable in the following cases of organisational set
up:
1. Virendra works in an organisation. He is part of the organisation for last
20 years. During all these years inspite of his best performance in the
organisation he hasn’t yet reached the post of vice president.
2. Vandana works in a software firm. She goes to office which is situated at
a distance of 20 kms from her house. Her husband earns very well and
is a pilot with a leading
Airline. Though she belongs to a good earning family yet she has
decided to keep on going to her job which she feels helps her gain
acceptance in her social circle.
3. Kavita has recently passed out from a decent MBA college with her
major in marketing. A lot of money of her parents has been spent for
paying her education fee. Now she has applied for a job in a company of

7. reputation. Her main concern is good salary which will give her financial
security.
4. Mehak has been an outstanding student throughout her life. She did her
graduation from a very good college. When the placement started she
decided to withdraw her name. A month later she started her own NGO
which provided education to poor children. Her NGO sets targets of
educating a definite number of poor students and she feels if she is able
to achieve a goal of teaching 5,000 students by the end of 5 years she
will be very successful.
Answer:
1. Esteem need.
2. Affiliation need.
3. Basic physiological need.
4. Self actualisation need.
5. Safety/security need.
Question 11:
An organisation has the policy of providing incentives in the form of monetary terms.
It knows that to improve the performance of the employees their needs must be
satisfied. The company has come up with a plan of increasing wages of workers who
perform beyond a definite level. By the end of the year the company has some other
plans. It wants to give an incentive to the workers over and above the wages. The
workers have started putting more efforts. The company has announced that after
the month of March it will be giving shares to the exceptionally performing workers.
Company is hoping to get a good response from the employees through this
announcement in terms of better performance and contribution.
1. Which type of incentive is highlighted in the above case?
2. Identify the various types of these incentives highlighted in the above
case.
Answer:
1. The type of incentive highlighted in the above case is financial incentive.
The Company is providing incentives in the form of monetary terms.
2. The various types of incentives highlighted in the above case are:
o Productivity linked wage incentive. The Company has
come up with a plan of giving more wages to workers who
perform beyond a definite level.
o Bonus. It wants to give an incentive to the workers over
and above the wages.
o Profit sharing. The Company has announced that after the
month of March it will be giving shares to the exceptional
employees.
Question 12:
Rajesh works in a software company. This company is growing by leaps and

8. bounds. The employees are happy as they get timely salaries, their basic incentive,
ey are also supported by regular increments in their salaries every year. The HR
department these days is busy calculating the various expenditures the company will
have to incur in paying the employees. The company however has decided to
increase the fringe benefits like car allowance, foreign trips, etc. With this step the
company will enter into the list of few chosen companies to do so. For the elderly
members of the organisation the company has decided to include gratuity in the list
of benefits along with already given benefits like pension and provident fund.
However there are a few more steps taken by the company in the direction of
providing financial incentives which can be considered truly unique. It is about
providing company’s shares at price lower than the market price. All these steps
have lifted the morale of the employees.
Which financial incentives have been highlighted in the above case?
Answer:
The financial incentives highlighted in the above case are:
1. Pay and allowances. The employees are happy as they timely get their
salaries, their basic incentive, and they are also supported by regular
increments in their salaries every year. Here the Company is also giving
dearness allowance which is a yearly increase in the salary overcoming
the impact of inflationary forces.
2. Perquisites. The Company however has decided to increase the fringe
benefits like car allowance, foreign trips, etc. One more thing one needs
to understand is the difference between perquisites and allowances.
Where allowances are paid directly in the form of money, perquisites are
the benefits given which have their own monetary value, for example a
trip to Malaysia funded by the Company is a fringe benefit or a
perquisite.
3. Retirement benefits. For the elderly members of the organisation the
company has decided to include gratuity in the list of benefits along with
already given benefits like pension and provident fund.
4. Co-partnership/stock option. It is about providing company’s shares at
a price lower than the market price. All these steps have lifted the
morale of the employees.
Question 13:
In a renowned hospital having 300 beds, the CEO of the hospital
congratulates the exceptionally performing employees by meeting in person.
Sometimes the name of the employee of the month is displayed on the notice board
at the main entrance along with his/her photograph. Recently the company went a
step ahead and distributed T-shirts to the employees who have been among the top
3 performers. On the Employee Day every year employees who contribute a lot are
either rewarded or awarded.
1. In the above case which type of incentive has been used by the
company to improve employee performance?
2. Which type of incentive is this?
3. Also give the definition of this type of incentive.

9. Answer:
1. The type of incentive used to improve performance in the above case
is Employee Recognition.
2. Employee Recognition is a non-financial incentive.
3. Non-financial incentives are the incentives which are given to improve
the psychological and emotional satisfaction of an employee. So the
needs of the employees which are not satisfied by monetary means are
satisfied by non-financial incentives.
Question 14:
‘Hats Off’ is an apparel making company. It has recently decided to make the job
environment better by redefining the workplace for the employees by designing jobs
having greater variety of content. This has definitely increased the interest of
employees in their work. This step of the Company has earned a favourite
mentioning in a national newspaper. The promotion policy of the Company has now
been made more effective by allowing employees to grow to the higher levels. Many
of the employees had earlier complained of fear of getting fired. The Company has
clarified its stance on this and told them not to worry by assuring them permanency
after crossing the ad hoc period of six months. With everything going right for the
organisation the top management has started devoting a lot of time on special
features of the internal environment which will distinguish the organisation from other
companies in the industry. The employees know that working in this organisation will
only add to their good track record. The Company assures the employees a higher
ranking in the organisational set up, provided one works hard, with authority,
rewards, recognition and better perquisites. With such an effort, the organisation is
geared to touch new heights.
Which non-financial incentives have been highlighted in the above case?
Answer:
The various non-financial incentives highlighted in the above case are:
1. Job enrichment. It has recently decided to make the job environment
better by redefining the workplace for the employees by designing jobs
having greater variety of content.
2. Career advancement opportunity. The promotion policy of the
Company has now been made more effective by allowing employees to
grow to the higher levels.
3. Job security. The Company has clarified its stance on this and told
them not to worry by assuring them permanency after crossing the ad
hoc period of six months.
4. Organisational climate. With everything going right for the organisation
the top management has started devoting a lot of time on special
features of the internal environ¬ment which will distinguish the
organisation from other companies in the industry.
5. Status. The Company assures the employees a higher ranking in the
organisational set up, provided one works hard, with authority, rewards,
recognition and better perquisites.

10. Question 15:
‘Alfa Ltd/ was dealing in renewable energy. To get the business, the team leader and
his team used to travel to different states to give presentation to their clients. As per
the policy of the company, the leader used to travel by air, whereas his team
travelled by road / train. It was not only time consuming but also at time forced
female team members to travel alone.
As a result, the subordinates were not acting in a desired manner to achieve
organizational goals. The CEO came to know about it. He called the team leader,
discussed the matter with him and decided to change the travel policy of the
company. It was decided that all the members including the leader would travel
together in future and would usefully utilize the travelling time in discussion with the
subordinates about presentation to be given to the clients. This made a positive
impact and every member of the team started acting in a manner as desired by the
team leader.
State the features of the element of the function of management used by the CEO.
Answer:
The element of the function of management used by the CEO in the above’ case
is ‘motivation’.
Following are the features of motivation:
1. Motivation is an internal feeling. Human behaviour is influenced by
internal factors like aspirations, drives, usage, needs, etc.
2. Motivation produces goal directed behaviour. For example, pay of
an employee may be increased to improve his/her performance.
3. Motivation can either be positive or negative. Positive motivation
provides rewards like higher pay, promotion, recognition, etc. Negative
motivation includes the use of negative means like punishments,
penalties, threat, etc.
4. Motivation is a complex process as human beings are different
from each other. They are heterogeneous in nature. Any particular type
of motivation may not have the same effect on all the employees.
Motivation varies from one individual to another.
Question 16:
Identify the non-financial incentives in the following cases:
1. A leading software company has set up a suggestion box system in
order to involve its employees. This exercise is allowed only to the
members of the organisation. The result is an increased involvement of
the employees in issues related to the organisation.
2. A company has given more autonomy to its employees with an
assurance of greater responsibility for them. They will also be involved
in the decision making process of the organisation. This has made the
employees feel that their work is very important to them. The positive
outcome of this feeling is the tapping of skills and talents of the
employees to a higher degree which is benefitting the organisation.
3. ‘Step up’ is a leading soft drinks maker. They have made up
arrangements at the work place for the employees to make their work
more meaningful. They will be provided opportunity for personal growth.

11. The outcome has been an increase in motivation for the employees at
the place of work itself.
4. An automobile company is making arrangements for appropriate skill
development programmes. They have chalked out a sound promotion
policy to give more growth opportunities to the employees.
Answer:
The non-financial incentives highlighted in the above cases are:
1. Employee participation.
2. Employee empowerment.
3. Job enrichment.
4. Career advancement opportunity.
Question 17:
Shilpa is a senior middle level manager. She is a departmental head of marketing in
a very progressive company. She is very good at conveying what she means to the
subordinates, and not just that, she goes beyond that by staying a very patient
listener. Her rise in the organisation has been very fast. She has led her team
successfully on several occasions. The reason for her exceptional success has been
her ability to understand the needs of her team and getting extra work done by
satisfying them. Since her college days her level of courage is high. She has the
ability to grab opportunities and use them to her best ability. People of other
departments like finance, operations, etc. have also been a part of her fan club. They
say that she knows a lot about her core area and this has made her irreplaceable in
the department. Everybody hopes that she is going to be a part of the higher
management one day as her company wants to benefit maximum by tapping her
potential.
1. Which concept of directing has been highlighted in the above case?
2. Identify the types of this concept in the above case.
Answer:
1. The concept of directing highlighted in the above case is ‘qualities of a
good leader’.
2. The types of ‘qualities of a good leader’ highlighted in the above
case are:
o Communication skills. She is very good at conveying
what she means to the subordinates, and not just that, she
goes beyond that by staying a very patient listener.
o Motivation skills. The reason for her exceptional success
has been her ability to understand the needs of her team
and getting extra work done by satisfying them.

12. o Initiative. She has the ability to grab opportunities and use
them to her best ability.
o Knowledge. They say without doubt that she knows a lot
about her core area and this has made her irreplaceable in
the department.
Question 18:
Identify in the following cases various elements of communication which are
highlighted:
1. A department ‘X’ has sent an encoded message to department ‘Y’
through internet. What is the role of internet here?
2. Atul is making gestures so that he can send a message to Raman. What
is Atul doing here?
3. Raman is trying to understand the message sent by Atul by reading his
gestures. What is Raman doing here?
4. Ramesh picks up his phone and finds a message on it. He reads the
message carefully. What is the role of Ramesh here?
5. Mr. Suraj who is a senior manager is informing his team for convention,
a day later, by giving a common message of timing and venue to all.
What is the role of Mr. Suraj here?
6. Ramit tried several times but his mom is unable to listen to what he is
saying. It’s all because of a faulty telephone connection. What will you
call this faulty connection here?
Answer:
1. Media
2. Encoding
3. Decoding
4. Receiver
5. Sender
6. Noise
Question 19:
A strike took place in a cloth manufacturing company. The workers were demanding
a few things which the management knew were impossible for them to agree to.
Nikita who was an MBA pass out from a very high rated college was given the
responsibility to negotiate with the workers on the behalf of the top management.
However when Nikita communicated her ideas to the workers, they were not able to
understand as her language was too complex and many of the words she used were
generally understood only by graduates. Most of the workers had gone to school
only up to 8th standard.
What one measure would you suggest her to improve her communication
effectiveness?
Answer:
She should communicate according to the needs of the receiver. When Nikita
communicated her ideas to the workers, they were not able to understand as her

13. language was too complex and many of the words she used were generally
understood only by graduates.
Question 20:
In the following cases identify the type of barrier:
1. Suhasini is a higher level manager. She is concerned about the
conditions of workers in her organisation. Every year she sends a
message of greetings and help to them. She also invites suggestions
from their side but there is no response. One day when she personally
went to meet them she found that they were against her and could not
understand her messages. She now realised that It was due to the
presence of various levels and employees that the message had to go
through that it used to get altered.
2. In an organisation having many branches in the city the employees are
least concerned about making any communication from their side with
their immediate bosses. Many times when employees came out with
something useful for the organisation giving it profit they were not given
proper incentives. The result is that now they have become
demotivated.
3. Suresh is a very well balanced personality. He is the head of marketing
department.
However he is unable to discuss anything related to his project with one
of the employees named Ramesh. The reason is the lack of faith he has
in him. This has resulted in lack of understanding between the two of
them.
4. Mr. Aditya who was the divisional head of a bank told one of his
subordinates to collect cash from the branch. The employee was new so
he took the whole cash to his home to bring it next day to the branch.
When Mr. Aditya came to know about it and was very angry. He actually
wanted him to deposit the cash in the other branch on the same day
which usually happened. Since the employee was new he was unaware
of this.
5. An organisation has employees from different countries. They speak
different languages. Once the management decided to draft the
message to congratulate the employees on the New Year in their native
languages. For this they had to translate the same message in different
languages. On the 4th of Jan there was a strike by people belonging to
a particular country showing resentment on the wrong language used in
the greetings.
6. In an organisation a message passes from the top management through
various levels before it reaches the point of action. Due to the oral
transmission of message an important portion is generally lost due to
forgetfulness and inability to retain.
7. Rajeshwar is unable to talk to his boss because of his seniority. This has
led to a psychological distance between the two of them. The fault is not
entirely Rajeshwar’s. During the initial days of their interaction his boss
used to talk with a lot of authority and maintained distance. Now Rajesh
is unable to express himself in front of him freely.

14. 8. Reema is not at all prepared to interact with her boss. The reason is she
feels that if she will talk more her boss may give her more work. She
always tries to avoid her boss.
9. Mr. Verma has a very limited vocabulary. He sometimes uses words
which have other meanings also. His subordinates make full use of his
this lack of knowledge and make fun of him. This also sometimes
creates an environment of misunderstanding about the message
delivered.
10.Once Ravi was trying to give an explanation to Sanjay. Sanjay was not
grasping his message. When he asked Sanjay about the message he
gave to hint he could not explain. As a matter of fact Sanjay’s mind was
preoccupied with some other thoughts.
11.A student named Sanjay has some problems in Maths. The maths
teacher doesn’t take his problems and quite often ignores his queries.
He decides to put his problem in front of the principal. The vice principal
tells him to write an application. He tells her he is having his exam on
the next day. However she says he will have to take an appointment
with the principal as she is very busy. Though Sanjay needs to meet the
principal for a minute or two yet his problem remains unanswered.
12.Tanya is working on a project at an overseas location under a world
renowned civil engineer. She is among the five people who are in the
core team of the project. The world renowned engineer, Mr. Talwar, who
is also her boss rarely, seeks an advice from her. He thinks that Tanya
lacks experience and needs to learn more.
13.A senior manager who is of European origin gives a speech in an Asian
country in a factory. He intended to give a positive message but what
the employees understood was a negative interpretation. Simply
because the language spoken by him was not in his native language he
used some words which had different meanings than what he had
intended.
14.In a board meeting where all the board members were sitting and having
discussion
one of the members said something. He continued to speak but before
he could complete what he had to say the members due to
preconceived notions derived some other meaning and decided to walk
out of the room.
15.‘Sharp Looks’ is a multinational camera making company. Though the
company is of very large size yet it follows a very centralized approach
of administration. The employees are kept away from discussions and
decisions related to the strategic aspects of the business. This has led
to an obstructed flow of communication in the organisation.
16.Prinicipal of a very famous school is known for talking very less with his
staff. Even on occasions of celebration he keeps himself very reserved
and talks very less. This is due to his thinking that mixing with his
subordinates may affect the discipline of the school.
17.Sudeep who was the branch head of a bank started a suggestion box
system. Similarly a complaint box was made in which people could drop
their complaints without mentioning their names. A meeting used to take
place every week on Saturday for ensuring proper communication
among the employees so that they could make their points and

15. suggestions openly. A few weeks ago Sudeep was transferred to some
different branch. A new manager who is not dynamic and capable like
Sudeep is unable to use the system which was designed by Sudeep like
weekly meeting, suggestion box, etc. This has led to creation of gap in
the communication in the branch between the manager and other
employees.
Answer:
Type of Communication barrier in the above cases are:
1. Organisational barrier (Due to the complexity in the organisational
structure).
2. Personal barrier (Due to lack of proper incentives).
3. Psychological barrier (Due to distrust between the two of them).
4. Semantic barrier (Due to unclarified assumptions).
5. Semantic barrier (Due to faulty translations).
6. Psychological barrier (Due to loss by transmission and poor retention).
7. Organisation barrier (Due to status).
8. Personal barrier (Due to unwillingness to communicate).
9. Semantic barrier (Due to symbols with different meanings).
10.Psychological barrier (Premature Evaluation).
11.Organisational barrier (Due to rules and regulations).
12.Personal barrier (Due to lack of confidence of superior on his
subordinate).
13.Semantic barrier (Due to badly expressed message).
14.Psychological barrier (Due to premature evaluation).
15.Organisational barrier (Due to organisational policy).
16.Personal barrier (Due to fear of challenge to authority).
17.Organisational barrier (Due to improper use of organisational facilities
like meeting, suggestion box, etc.).