Computers play an important role in problem solving. We communicate with a computer through some programming language. But before we start the programming, the problem to be solved requires some analysis.
Steps in Problem Solving:
Studying the problem in detail.
Understand carefully the given input and what input and what output is required. Also identify the conditions and constraints to be used.
Generating various methods of solution of the given problem.
Selecting the method which is considered to be best.
Preparing sequential steps for determining the solution.
Write a program to compute the results as using a computer and get the results.
An Algorithm is a finite sequence of well defined steps for solving a problem.
The most fundamental concept in computer science is the algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by- step procedure for solving a problem.
An algorithm has five important features:
Inputs: An algorithm may specify the quantities which are to be read.
Outputs: An algorithm must specify the quantities which are to be displayed or printed.
Definiteness: Each instruction must be clear and unambiguous.
Finiteness: An algorithm should be terminated after finite number of steps.
Effectiveness: An algorithm must be effective which means that all operations are executable.
Searching
E-mail service
Commercial Services
Electronic books & Publication
Video Conferencing
Sharing data and results quickly
Retrieving files & Program of all types
Find information databases and tutorials
News paper columns
Banking
Downloading / Uploading any information
News, sports, stocks, music etc.
Use of internet in various fields like education, Business, governance, etc.
And many more ………………..
Software Development Life Cycle By Team Orange (Dept. of Pharmacy)
Fundamentals for Better Communication Through Computers
1. Fundamentals for Better Communication
Through Computer
By
G. Lakshmana Rao
Assistant Professor
Computer Science and Engineering
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8. What is Computer ?
Computer is an electronic device.
Can store large amounts of data.
Can performing operations on data.
Performing given function on the data & displays the result
as output.
Process data whenever needed.
Known from ‘to compute’
9. What is Process?
Computer works on data as per programme is called process.
Processing means operations like…..
Calculations,
Logical decision making,
Outputting data,
Communicating with others computer etc.
10. History of Computers
First(1945-1955): Used vacuum tubes. Were very large. Generated
immense heat. Very expensive.
Second(1955-1965): Used transistors. Continued to be large and
expensive.
Third(1965-1975): Used integrated circuits. Significant reduction in
size and cost
Fourth(1975-1995): Uses Very Large Scale Integration. Desktop
computers would not have been possible without
VLSI. It used Microprocessor minimizing the size
of P.C.
Fifth (in progress): Will provide us with Artificial intelligence. Also
called knowledge information processing system
11. Characteristics of Computer
Speed
Arithmetical and Logical
Operations
Accuracy
Reliability
Storage
Retrieving Data and
Programme
Automation
Versatility (Flexible)
Consistency
Communications
12.
13. Hardware/Software
• Computer Hardware
Parts of computer, which can be touch is called hardware.
(Physical Parts)
Monitor
CPU
Key Board
Mouse
Speaker
• Computer Software
Parts of computer, which can not be touch is called software.
• Operating System Software : Windows, MAC, Linux
• Application Software : MS Office, Photoshop, Media Player
• Internet Browser Software : Internet Explorer, Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox, etc.
14. Classification of Computers
Personal computer :
A single-user computer
Can be useful at School, Home, etc.
Known as Micro Computer
Laptop, Desktop
Workstation :
A powerful, single-user computer.
A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful
microprocessor
higher-quality monitor.
Can be found in companies etc.
15. Minicomputer
A multi-user computer
Capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.
Can be found in banks, government departments etc.
Mainframe
A powerful multi-user computer
Capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
Supercomputer
An extremely fast computer
Can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second
Weather, scientific research can be done by these types of computer.
16. Applications of Computer
• Science research
• Education
• Business applications
• Banking
• Office Automation
• Desktop publishing
• Management aids
• Engineering designing
• Road traffic control
• Railway
• Medicine
• Information services
17. What is Internet
Inter connection of many computers via network.
Global connected through network (through LAN or WAN)
To provide the various application services i.e. E-Mail, Usenet (News),
WWW, Telnet, FTP, etc
At any time millions user connected to the internet from many countries.
18. Uses of Internet
Searching
E-mail service
Commercial Services
Electronic books & Publication
Video Conferencing
Sharing data and results quickly
Retrieving files & Program of all types
Find information databases and tutorials
News paper columns
Banking
Downloading / Uploading any information
News, sports, stocks, music etc.
Use of internet in various fields like education, Business, governance, etc.
And many more ………………..
19. Useful Keys Internet
• Network: Connecting computers with each other For exchanging
information
• Client : It is a programme or computer for getting special
information from another compute.
• Server: It is a programme or computer, which gives information
to the client computer.
• Protocol: It’s a rules for connecting to the internet. (TCP/IP)
• Portal: It is a website. Known as a gateway of internet.
(Search engine)
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20. Router: It is a device, which decides where data will be send
(Network point)
www : World Wide Web
Browser: It is a programme which helps us to use internet
Website: Group of different web pages.
URL : Universal Resource Locator
21. .com : Commercial organization
.net : Large Networks
.gov : Government organization
.org : non-profit making organization
.edu : educational organization
.mil : military organization
.in : India
.au : Australia
.us : United States
.uk : United Kingdom
Types of Website (Domain No.)
22. Problem Solving
Computers play an important role in problem solving. We
communicate with a computer through some programming
language. But before we start the programming, the problem
to be solved requires some analysis.
Steps in Problem Solving:
1. Studying the problem in detail.
2. Understand carefully the given input and what input and
what output is required. Also identify the conditions and
constraints to be used.
3. Generating various methods of solution of the given
problem.
4. Selecting the method which is considered to be best.
5. Preparing sequential steps for determining the solution.
6. Write a program to compute the results as using a computer
and get the results.
23. Algorithms
• An Algorithm is a finite sequence of well defined steps for solving
a problem.
• The most fundamental concept in computer science is the
algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by- step procedure for solving a
problem.
An algorithm has five important features:
1. Inputs: An algorithm may specify the quantities which are to be
read.
2. Outputs: An algorithm must specify the quantities which are to
be displayed or printed.
3. Definiteness: Each instruction must be clear and unambiguous.
4. Finiteness: An algorithm should be terminated after finite
number of steps.
5. Effectiveness: An algorithm must be effective which means that
all operations are executable.