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The darksideofthe20sfarming
1. The Dark Side of the 1920s:
The Plight of the Farmer
Sharon Rounds
McElroy Project
through
Herbert Hoover Presidential Library & Museum
2. World War I
• Europe’s farms
devastated
• U.S. farmers
experience increase
in price they are paid
for commodities
• U.S. farmers increase
amount of land in
production
Audio-Visual Collection, 1919 – 48A, Herbert
Hoover Presidential Library & Museum collection
3. All People are Encouraged to
Save Food for Troops
Instituted a schedule of “-less”
days:
•Sunday: One meal wheatless;
one meal meatless
•Monday: All meals meatless; one
meal wheatless
•Tuesday: All meals wheatless;
one meal meatless
http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronline/hoover_bio/archive/food/wheat.htmhttp://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronline/hoover_bio/archive/food/wheat.htm
4. • Wednesday: All meals
wheatless; one meal meatless
• Thursday: One meal wheatless;
one meal meatless
• Friday: One meal wheatless;
one meal meatless
• Saturday: All meals porkless;
one meal wheatless; one meal
meatless
http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronline/hoover_bio/archive/food/wheat.htm
All People are Encouraged to
Save Food for Troops
5. Other Propaganda for
Conserving Food
http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronline/ho
over_bio/food.htm#p1
Audio-Visual Collection, A1.61-25, USFA Sign in
San Diego, CA., Herbert Hoover Presidential Library
& Museum collection
7. July 1918
• President Wilson vetoed a Congressional
attempt to raise the guaranteed price of wheat
• It was decided that the government price for
wheat would remain unchanged, while prices of
most other commodities were soaring
• Cotton remained exempt from mandatory price
restraints
8. Hoover Defends Price Controls
• Says without government price controls, the
price of wheat would be less than $1 a bushel
• Provided President Wilson ammo against public
criticisms of Senator Weeks
9. After the War
• Late in 1919, commodity prices started going
down
• Prices never recovered until after World War II
• Recovery of European agriculture after 1922
reduced demand and prices even further
10. What Did the U.S. Consumer do
after the War?
• Ate more fruits, vegetables, and meats after the
war, but less cereals
• Pushed through Prohibition, which further
lowered the demand for cereals and hops
• Bought synthetic products, which narrowed the
market for natural fibers like cotton
Parrish, Michael E. (1994). Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920–1941.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Copy available at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library
& Museum, West Branch, IA.
11. So…Why Not Take Land Out of
Production to Raise Prices?
• Farmers took 13 million
acres out of production
in the 1920s
• But – farm output
actually grew by 9
percent as productivity
of agricultural workers
rose 15% due to
technical and scientific
innovations
Parrish, Michael E. (1992). Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920–1941. New
York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Copy available at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library &
Museum, West Branch, IA.