epilepsy, types of epilepsy, seizures, symptoms of epilepsy, causes of epilepsy, diagnosis of epilepsy, complications of epilepsy, generalized seizures, grand mal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, focal seizures, atonic seizures, clonic seizures

1. By
Mr. K. K. Zambare
Asst. Professor
SBSPM B. Pharmacy College, Ambajogai
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

2. Definition
 It is disorder of brain characterized by repetitive
seizures
 Seizures are episodes of uncontrolled and abnormal
firing of brain cells that may cause changes in
attention or behavior
 Convulsion is synonym for seizure
 Convulsion means uncontrollable muscle contractions
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

3. Types
Focal seizures Generalized seizures
1. Focal aware seizure/ simple
partial seizures
2. Focal Impaired awareness
seizure
 Absence seizure
 Tonic seizure
 Clonic Seizure
 Myoclonic seizure
 Atonic seizure
 Tonic-clonic seizure
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

4. Focal Seizure
Involve only one area of brain
Focal aware seizures
Focal impaired awareness
seizures
 Person is awake and aware
during attack
 one area or side of body is
affected
 Unware or Impaired
awareness during attack
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

5. Generalized Seizures
Sudden onset involving both sides of the brain
Prof. K. K. Zambare
Absence seizures
• also known as petit mal
seizures
•Loss of awareness for short
period of time 10 to 30 sec
•Usually occur in children
Tonic seizures
• Muscles suddenly become
stiff
•Loss of awareness
•Usually occurs at sleep
Atonic seizures
• Muscles lose tone and
control
•As a result person may
collapse
•Also called Drop seizure
Myoclonic seizures
• Sudden jerky movements
in arms and legs
•Involve muscle or group of
muscles
•Person is awake and aware
•muscle weakness,
coordination and balance
problems
Clonic seizures
• Repetative Sudden, jerky
muscle movement
Tonic-Clonic seizures
• loss of consciousness,
muscles stiffness, and
jerking movements
•Lasts for 1 to 3 min
•involve both tonic
(stiffening) and clonic
(twitching or jerking)
muscle activity
8/15/2020

6. Causes
 Stroke
 Anoxia or hypoxia to brain
 Head injuries
 Scarring after brain injury or trauma
 Tumor in brain
 Alzheimer's disease
 Genetic factors
 Neurodegenerative diseases
 Infectious diseases like Meningitis or AIDS
 Dementia
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

7. Symptoms
 Loss of consciousness
 Anxiety
 Weakness
 Contraction and jerky movements of muscles
 Muscle stiffness
 Dizziness
 Blankley staring
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

8. Diagnosis
 X-ray/ CT/ MRI scan: Damage or scarring in brain
can be detected by it.
 Electroencephalogram(EEG): Electrical activity in
brain is studied which might help in diagnosing
epilepsy
 Other tests: To detect other diseases like meningitis
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020

9. Complications
 Permanent brain damage
 Self injury: Sudden attack of epilepsy may leads to
falls, bumps, self-inflicted bites, dislocation of bones
 Aspiration pneumonia: Due to aspiration of food in
lung during seizure
 Impaired intelligence
Prof. K. K. Zambare8/15/2020