The Japanese-American Internment Camps

The Japanese-American Internment Camps
Whenever you think of World War II camps, the first thing that comes to mind are the Nazi
concentration camps. Although not many people think about the American internment camps, they
were a very big problem at the time for the Japanese. Most of the Japanese were relocated to these
camps, many of which were atrocious. During World War II, the Japanese–American internment
camps had many issues, such as: being forced from communities, harsh living conditions, and
prejudice from the non–Japanese. Two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt
signed executive order 9066, authorizing the War Relocation Authority to force 117,000 Japanese
from their homes to camps, 70,000 of which were born in America ("Japanese Relocation During
World War II"). Even the Japanese–American veterans from World War I were transferred. They
would not be certain what would happen to their homes and properties, they most decided to sell
them. Because of the rush to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By using propaganda to dehumanize the Japanese and instill fear in Americans, it prompted cultural
and racial hatred of the Japanese. The purpose of this propaganda was to rally the nation behind the
war to defeat the Japanese enemy. Aside from all the fear tactics, the posters would include racial
stereotypes, such as yellow skin, slanted eyes, and faces that would resemble animals; the
Americans would be depicted with attractive facial features, peach skin, and no type of animalism.
The Americans could relate to this portrayal of their race. The subhuman depiction of the Japanese
detached any relations from the two races. These racial distinctions were included to further alienate
the Japanese. These biased depictions were in the media too. One popular recurring character is
"Tokio Kid", created by Jack Campbell for Time Magazine. There was also a article in Life
Magazine, called How to Tell the Japs from the Chinese ("WWII Propaganda: The Influence of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay On Japanese American Internment
Unjustified Internment Internment, putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in
wartime. The Japanese–American internment during World War II stemmed from the bombing of
the Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After the bombing on the West Coast, America had lost their
trust of the Japanese and Japanese Americans. However, many Japanese lived on the West Coast
because they had primarily come for the Gold Rush. Thus, all Japanese–Americans were sent to
internment camps out of fear of espionage and such. Was the internment of the Japanese–Americans
during World War II reasonable? The Japanese–American internment was unjustified because it was
unnecessary, unreasonable, and it was racist. The Japanese–American internment did not have a
logical reason for its doing. "There is no Japanese "problem" on the coast," (Munson, 3). Munson
states there is no problem on the West Coast with the Japanese. As a "rebuttal", Lt. Gen. DeWitt
states in a government report that "it is better to have had this protection and not to have needed it
than to have needed it and not to have had it," (DeWitt, 1). DeWitt proposes the argument that
America did it out of fear of another attack by the Japanese. However, ... Show more content on
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In The Crisis, the official magazine for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People), Harry Paxton Howard makes brings up many good points in why the internment is
unjustified. The first reads "Germans and Italians are "white,"' (Howard, 3). He declares that color is
the only thing separating the Japanese from Germans and Italians. Again, in the starting of another
paragraph in the article he says the same reason. "COlor seems to be the only possible reason why
thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry are in concentration camps," (Howard, 3). He
states his reason for the second time in the article, proving how strong his beliefs

Japanese-Americans Racism-Discrimination
Each day we live, taking for granted everything we have. Freedom to choose where to live, eat,
work, and go to school. What would happen if all of that was taken away? And not just by another
country, but by our own people. Our own government took our rights and belongings away
overnight. What would people do? On February 19 of 1942, the president of the United States,
Franklin D. Roosevelt, signed an evacuation order, ordering "the evacuation of all persons deemed a
threat to national security from the West Coast to relocation centers further inland"( ). Meaning
anyone who looked like they were of japanese descent, was considered a threat to the security of the
United States. The racism towards the japanese people was in the way they were looked at, how
they lived in the camps, and how they were treated. On December 7, 1941 there was a tragic attack
on an American military base in Hawaii, called Pearl Harbor. It was led by the japanese empire. This
is what started it all, with the racism of the different ethnic groups towards to japanese people. Each
time fellow Americans saw someone of japanese descent, it brought up memories of this day in
history. The emotions it stirred up the pain and loss, created anger and hatred towards each of these
people. The people of America were scared. The president decided to send the people of his own
country away. Some say it was for their own protection, but others say it was just because we were
afraid of the Japanese–American people

Japanese American Discrimination
The United States made drastic decisions after the attack of Americans, Pacific Fleet Pearl Harbor.
The Japanese American discrimination, increase went U.S. people told about the Oahu event.
Moreover, the United States made drastic decisions relocating those citizens and non–citizen
Japanese individuals living on U.S. soil in a concentration camp on the west coast living behind the
belongings. President Roosevelt signed executive order 9066 considering national security
consequences of the attack on 7 December 1941. About 120,000 Japanese were moved to
concentration camps heavy guarded by U.S. military with strict restrictions. Also, some of the
Japanese–American family was fighting against Japan in World War II. The relocation is suspended,

Japanese-American Relocation Camps
During world war 2 Japanese – Americans were forced out of their homes and put in relocation
camps around the country. Many aspects of their lives were changed such as school, living
conditions, and even their work. Many of these Japanese – Americans were relocated to Rohwer
relocation camp in Arkansas. When they were taken to Rohwer, one of two the two relocation camps
in Arkansas, they had to adjust to the residential blocks. These blocks consisted of 12 barracks, a
recreation building, a mess hall, bathroom, and a laundry building ("Rohwer", "Rohwer Relocation
Center"). Their living quarters were very crowded, so diseases spread easily and quickly through the
camp. Several people even died from these illnesses ("Rohwer"). Several people

The Internment Of Japanese Americans
The Internment of Japanese Americans
By Angel Willis–Pahel
The topic I choose to right about is the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII. The
question that I intend to answer today is: The Constitution guarantees American citizens no
imprisonment without due process of law, yet has been violated by the federal government in at
least two American wars. How did the government justify interning Japanese–American citizens in
World War II? In order to understand why this happened we have to first look at what happened. We
are going to look at a couple things in this paper: The Executive Order of 9066 and Korematsu v.
United States (1944). As well as we are good to look at just why the U.S. decided to not give these
people the basic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On January 1st, 1907 America and Japan came to an agreement known as the Gentlemen's
Agreement. This agreement was President Theodore Roosevelt's effort at trying to calm the growing
tension between America and Japan over the Japanese immigrant workers coming to the US.
On September 1st, 1939 Germany invades Poland as Adolf Hitler seeks to regain lost territory, this
was single handedly the event that led to World War II. December 7th, 1941 the Japanese navy
bombed Pearl Harbor due to the fact that they did not like the fact that America had claimed Hawaii
to be a part of the United States. This event led to that US using Japanese Internment Camps
because they were afraid of an invasion of the west by the Japanese and were afraid that Japanese
immigrants would provide aid to such an invasion. On February 19th, 1942 exactly ten weeks after
the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive order 9066. This
order authorized the removal of any and all people from military areas. The entire West Coast
became defined as a military area. This area was home to as vast majority of Americans of Japanese
ancestry or citizenship.
On March 1st 1942 the US military started the removal of Japanese immigrants and their
descendants from their homes and placed them into internment camps. Most of these people were
only given 48 hours to gather their

Japanese American Relocation Summary
References Ruth B. Vickers, "Japanese–American Relocation," X (Summer 1951) n.p. Summary
The "Japanese–American Relocation," authored by Dori Felice Moss, details the experiences within
the internment camps of Rohwer and Jerome in Arkansas. Japanese–Americans had to leave their
homes, friends, personal belongings, and family to live in squalor, crowded conditions.
Recollections were accounted from those who were sent to an internment camp in which many
stated that being labeled as disloyal citizens was the most difficult thing during the relocation
process. However, throughout the process, those relocated were able to quickly adjust to life within
the camp and attempt to maintain a normal life. There was religious, editorial freedom, education,
and visitors in camp which helped to diminish the harsh internment barriers. The article describes
similar themes that occurred during the relocation of Indian tribes in which they were sent to
reservations where they would then be more easily controlled and monitored by the government.
The Indians, as well as the Japanese–Americans, were perceived as cultural threats and were,
therefore, subjected to forced segregation. Critique ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She cites numerous sources that indicate that she had gone to great lengths to ensure the information
within the project was factual. The organization can, at times, be questionable as the author
discusses one topic only to then focus on a tangent for the next few paragraphs; the author then
returns to the original topic to briefly conclude its information and their thoughts. Despite the
flawed organization, the information within it flows eloquently and is very

Internment Of Japanese Americans
The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced
relocation and incarceration in camps in the western interior of the country of between 110,000 and
120,000[5] people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom lived on the Pacific coast. 62 percent of the
internees were United States citizens.[6][7] These actions were ordered by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt shortly after Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.[8]
Japanese Americans were incarcerated based on local population concentrations and regional
politics. More than 110,000 Japanese Americans in the mainland U.S., who mostly lived on the West
Coast, were forced into interior camps. However, in Hawaii, where 150,000–plus Japanese
Americans composed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He appointed the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) to
investigate the camps. The Commission's report, titled Personal Justice Denied, found little evidence
of Japanese disloyalty at the time and concluded that the incarceration had been the product of
racism. It recommended that the government pay reparations to the survivors. In 1988, President
Ronald Reagan signed into law the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which apologized for the internment
on behalf of the U.S. government and authorized a payment of $20,000 (equivalent to $41,000 in
2016) to each camp survivor. The legislation admitted that government actions were based on "race
prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership".[23] The U.S. government eventually
disbursed more than $1.6 billion (equivalent to $3,240,000,000 in 2016) in reparations to 82,219
Japanese Americans who had been interned and their

Japanese Immigration : Japanese American Immigrants
Japanese American Immigration
J. Patrick Bloom
4/29/15
ASAM 335
Dr. Tsuchida
JAPANESE AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS
Migration of Japanese people to America began in mid–1800s as they searched for peace and a
mode of payment to improve their family conditions, and escape from unstable home conditions in
Japan. Migration resulted in a life of great hard work and severities of hostility in the workplace. In
addition, Japanese immigrants had to face multiple legislative attacks from Americans and endure
poor working conditions because of their presence in a foreign land.
From 1639, Japan kept control on emigration of its people to Europe and to its colonies. But soon
after the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853, trade of gunships started between the
United States and Japan (USA.gov). This exposed Japanese to another culture, which had an impact
on their life. This resulted in a great change of social life in Japan because life in America
represented a model way and motivated Japanese to migrate there.
After 1868, urbanization and industrialization in Japan led to drastic changes in society and
agriculture, which prompted many of the farmers to leave their homeland in search of better
prospects (Historical Overview). A prosperous American economy showed promising results and
attracted many Japanese who survived on minimal wages to fulfill their family needs. Initially there
was illegal migration of Japanese to the United States reported in 1868; approximately 148

Essay On Japanese American Internment
Despite the papers supposedly claiming Japanese American sabotage, the internment of US citizens
of Japanese descent following the bombing of Pearl Harbor was not justified, resulting into violation
of the Constitution's Fifth and Fourteenth amendments. The internment of Japanese–American
citizens does not follow the Fifth Amendment as printed in the Constitution. According to the Fifth
Amendement, "No person shall be...deprived of life, liberty, or property withou due process of law;
nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation..." The Japanese
American population were robbed from their homes without reason, put into inhumane conditions,
and forced to sell their possesions for ridiculously low prices, violation the Fifth Amendment's right
to life, liberty, and property, and the use of due process of law. Not only did the internment violate
the Fifth Amendment, but it also violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The internment of the
Japanese American population did not honor the Fourteenth Amendment, the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Korematsu and Civil Liberties video, it states, "He (Owen Roberts) said that there was an
unprecented degree of fifth–column activity, and that subversive presence were these disloyal
Japanese and Japanese–Americans" (4:26). However, there is no evidence proving any sort of
sabotage, making this accusation completely invalid. Also according to the Korematsu and Civil
Liberties video, "Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts was picked to lead a commission to
investigate the Pearl Harbor attack. The pressure was to release a report quickly so the commission
did a number of interviews, but it didn't really gather evidence. Based on nothing more than hearsay,
the Roberts Report made wild and unsupported accusations about Japanese Americans...That was
irresponsible because there was not a shred of evidence to demonstrate that"

Injustice By Japanese Americans
On December 7, 1941, while most American sailors were still asleep in their bunks, Japanese planes
flew over Pearl Harbor bombing every ship on sight. The surprise attack lasted less than two hours.
At that time, 2,400 Americans were killed, including over 1,100 when the battleship Arizona sank,
almost 1,200 were wounded, 20 warships were sunk or severely damaged, and approximately 150
airplanes were destroyed. Immediately after the attack, all people of Japanese descent became
suspects of being capable of sabotage, and the success of the attack was assumed to be the result of
espionage by Japanese Americans living on the West Coast. President Franklin D. Roosevelt fearing
a second attack issued and signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19,

The Impact Of Japanese American Internment
On February 10 1942, After the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt
signed Executive order 9066 fearing that the Japanese–Americans would be more loyal to Japan and
attack the US. The president ordered all Japanese–Americans to evacuate the west coast. Following
the internment, many news articles had been written. For this essay, I have found two news articles
that are connected to the constitutional issues that arose because of Executive order 9066. The news
articles are from the Los Angeles times and New York Times. Both articles covered the
constitutional issues of the internment of Japanese Americans; however, both articles addressed
different situations. The La Times reported that President Roosevelt wanted reprimanding ... Show
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This article is about the bill that president Truman applied for the end of the internment of
Japanese–Americans and claiming the damages during the internment camp. As it appears in the
article, "Democratic leaders planned to force votes before the session ends on a measure
recommended by the interior department's setting up a three–man commission to compensate
evacuees for real estate and other property losses incurred when they were evacuated", which shows
that President Truman and the Democrats party tried to end the allegation by signing the Japanese
American Evacuation Claims Act. Eventually, Congress accepted the bill which was unexpected by
many people. The President gave his opinion about the congresses unexpected approval and said "it
would in my opinion be a tragic anomaly if the united states were on the one hand...on the other
hand it ignored and left underdressed the very real and grievous losses which some of them,
together with their immediate families have suffered because of government action during the same
war". According the article, The President played a big role for the freedom for Japanese– Americas
and reimbursement to the losses that happened during the

Japanese Americans And Japanese Internment
Japanese internment camps from 1942 to 1946 were an exemplification of discrimination, many
Japanese Americans were no longer accepted in their communities after the Bombing of Pearl
Harbor. They were perceived as traitors and faced humiliation due to anti–Japanese sentiment
causing them to be forced to endure several hardships such as leaving behind their properties to go
an imprisoned state, facing inadequate housing conditions, and encountering destitute institutions.
The Bombing of Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941 (Why I Love a Country that Once
Betrayed Me). This led president Roosevelt to sign the executive order 9066, which authorized the
army to remove any individual that seemed as a potential threat to the nation ("Executive Order
9066") This order allowed the military to exclude "'any or all persons from designated areas,
including the California coast."' (Fremon 31). Many Japanese opposed to leave the Pacific Coast on
their own free will (Fremon 24) . Japanese Americans would not be accepted in other areas if they
moved either.Idaho's governor stated, Japanese would be welcomed "only if they were in
concentration camps under guard"(Fremon 35). The camps were located in Arizona, Arkansas,
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, and California where thousands of Japanese Americans
eventually relocated. ("Japanese Americans at Manzanar") The internment lasted for 3 years and the
last camp did not close until 1946. (Lessons Learned: Japanese Internment During WW2)

Japanese American Culture
People no longer use the term "Japanese American" in today's society. Instead, they are no longer
thought as a separate group and are incorrectly categorized as "Asian American", along with
Vietnamese American, Chinese American, etc. Japanese Americans have an extremely unique
background in terms of their origins, history, and struggle with racialization. Like many ethnic
groups, Japanese Americans have been subjected to many different portrayals throughout American
history. Even though cultural separation and suspicion are deemed as immoral, such practices
toward them were thought to be necessary by the American Government. For a good amount of
time, they suffered from racial hostility and violence. Now, in an age where cultural diversity ...
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These internment camps have been described in various ways in many textbooks. Masato Ogawa
states in his article, The Treatment of Japanese–American Internment During World War II in
United States History Textbooks, an example of how the camps have been described, "All the camps
were located in desolate areas...Barbed wire surrounded the camps, and armed guards patrolled the
grounds. Although the government referred to these as relocation camps, one journalist pointed out
that they seemed "uncomfortably close to concentration camps."." (Ogawa 41) However, the order
didn't affect Japanese Americans residing in Hawaii, "The text states that the Japanese Americans
living in Hawaii weren't interned. It was true ... however some were imprisoned on an individual
basis and held in prison camps on the islands or transferred to mass detention or smaller internment
camps on the mainland." Which was because over 37% of the Hawaiian population was of Japanese
descent and it would damage their economy. (Ogawa

Dbq Japanese American Internment
On February 19th 1942, Roosevelt signed the executive order 9066. Under the terms of the order,
people of Japanese descent were placed in internment camps. The United States' justification for this
abominable action was that the Japanese American's may spy for their Homeland. Over 62% of the
Japanese that were held in these camps were American Citizens. The United States' internment of
the Japanese was a poor and cowardly method of 'keeping the peace.' The United States was not
justified in stowing away Japanese Americans into almost concentration camps. This act goes
against the basic Bill Of Rights granted to all American citizens, the Fifth Amendment's command
that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due ... Show more content on
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Of course, the American public was also feeling great resentment towards the Japanese–Americans
during this particular time period. Congress merely intensified these feelings of hatred by passing
laws such as the executive order 9066.
The Fifth Amendment's command states that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law. During the Japanese– American internment, the Japanese–American's
were forced from their homes and made to go into makeshift concentration camps. This is a
deprivation of life, through forcing the Japanese to give up their normal routine lives for 'national
security.' It is a deprivation of liberty because the Japanese were confined in a set space and not
allowed to venture past the area. The Japanese property was also seized and confiscated which is
another direct violation of the fifth commandment. The government continued to break many of its
own laws in the process of 'justice.' But is this justice really moral?
Under Article 1, section 9 of the constitution 'the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.' Habeas Corpus is the
name of a legal action, or writ, through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention of
themselves or another person. Although many people may state that the bombing of Pearl

Japanese Internment : Japanese American Internment
Alicia Alley February 25, 2016 Social Studies/ English Ms. Long/ Mr. Young The Japanese
American Internment Was the Japanese American internment right to create? In some people's
opinion they agreed that the internment camps were justified. "On February 14, 1942, I
recommended to the War Department that the military security of the Pacific Coast required the
establishment of broad civil control, anti–sabotage and counter–espionage measures, including the
evacuation, there from of all persons of Japanese ancestry" (Dewitt 1). Some people may have
thought it was the wrong choice, but at the time the president did what had to be done. These camps
in a way helped the U.S. The internment for Japanese Americans,during World War 2, is either
justified or unjustified.They may have taken the Japanese American's Farms, businesses and homes,
but they did for the reasons of segregating them from their ancestry. To keep the U.S. safe. Also to
show that being a citizen of America was hard. If the internment camps were justified then, they
were made to keep the U.S. safe, segregate Japanese Americans from Japanese ancestry, and being
an American citizen was hard work. If the internment camps were justified then, they were created
to get Japanese Americans away from their ancestry. "Decided that the military urgency of the
situation demanded all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast" (Black 4).
The military needed loyalty to make sure they made the right

The Japanese American Internment Camps
After long research on the" Japanese–American Internment Camps" I learned many things I never
knew. To begin with before this class I never even had one small clue the country where I live in can
do such thing. Most people view this country as a blessed place to live in including myself, not
knowing such harm leaders in this country have cost to many. People often think of horrible
historical events and judge many not knowing many of those events are repeating in today's life. I
judged many people and even countries like Germany for events that ruined thousands of lives,
know knowing the country I live in has done the same. The research I did linked to making
connections with certain critical thinking blocks. The first Critical ... Show more content on
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I believe a way to avoid "Black & White thinking" would have been to alter security and awareness.
There could have been smarter decisions. For example why discriminate all, when we clearly know
not every single Japanese was thinking to attack. Why not be more strict in public places like,
transportations sites or crowded public places. Just like when Osama Bin laden was assassinated the
U.S luckily didn't discriminate everyone who was Arabian. IN other words, think of better solutions
before going to extremes. "Reliance of authority" also played a role. In this scenario everyone
followed ex president Roosevelt's decisions. "Reliance of Authority" is when you believe everything
someone is saying is accurate and beneficial. In this case Roosevelt's order was followed by
everybody. U.S citizens wanted the Japanese away. Many people believed this was a great Idea
because It was coming from the government. I don't believe this true. Teachers, priests, or even the
government may share ideas that are not agreeable and should not be followed but questioned.
"Hasty Moral Judgement" played a similar role to "Labeling". Hasty moral judgement can be
described as being prejudice. Simply what the United States did. Giving the opinion that the
Japanese living here may attack us simply because of their race and culture. As we know something
very unfair and exaggerated. Why judge someone we don't know a thing about other than their race?
Especially when many of

Internment Camps And The Japanese Americans
While World War II had been ongoing since 1939, Japan had been fighting for the Axis powers,
against the United States. In 1941, when Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor, the United States
government had assumed the viewpoint that the Japanese were not to be trusted, and that the
Japanese–American citizens of the United States were much the same. As such, they had resorted to
establishing internment camps, or preventive labor prisons, so as to keep them in check and
ostensibly to prevent further Japanese sabotage. However, the government's actions were not fully
justified, as several factors had interplayed into the circumstances that directly contradicted the
intentions and visible results of the internment of the Japanese–Americans, in the social, political,
economical, and cultural aspects. On the whole, the internment camps served as drastic measures
which were not wholly without reasoning; contrarily, those factors in support of the internment
camps did not override those which had gone against it, since the United States' own legislation, in
the form of the Constitution and other laws, had explicitly prevented the depriving of human rights,
privileges, and pursuits, which had doubtless applied in light of the Japanese–Americans' universal
citizenship along the Pacific Coast in the early 1940s. As such, while the internment camps were not
completely unjustified and without purpose from the viewpoint of the government, they did not
align with standards of law and

Unjustified: The Internment Of Japanese Americans
Unjustified
Living in a camp with people only of your race, having to live in a by force and not being able to
connect with the outside world. This was life for the Japanese Americans living on the west coast.
The internment camps were set up for the Japanese because of the attack on pearl harbor. The
government was worried about Japanese people being spies or terrorist undercover. The
Government decided to move all Japanese Americans away from the west coast, so there would be
no actual threat. The Japanese Americans were all put in internment camps and provided with all the
necessities for living such as food and water. The internment of Japanese Americans was an action
that was unjustified many of the Japanese Americans were not an actual ... Show more content on
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The U.S. could be justified in the internment of Japanese Americans because it was a matter of
national security. They could say that there could have been a war on the west coast if the Japanese
were not put in internment camps. They could also say that many of the Japanese could be loyal to
Japan and betray America. The U.S. could say they were right in doing this but as this document
shows they were not justified in doing so. The Japanese deserved as much a right as any other
person in U.S. had, to be free and enjoy

Japanese Americans And Japanese War
With racist propaganda floating around of Japanese soldiers with giant sharp teeth, such as Tokio
Kid. Along with the fact that thousands of Japanese–Americans were forced into internment camps,
what immigrant would trust such a government. The answer is surprisingly a lot of them, the image
of the Japanese being the enemy was burned into the heads of everyone. Young Japanese–
Americans were given the option to fight in the war for the same people who put them in labor
camps. No one is going to join the Americans right? Wrong, a good majority of the young Japanese
signed up to fight for Uncle Sam, and those who refused found themselves in a jail. After the war
there were two different views from the Japanese–Americans: either they no longer identified as
Japanese and wanted to be more American; or there were those who were still loyal to the Japanese
Empire and are in the US for the money. The former, which mostly consisted of younger
immigrants, saw those who didn't fight in the war as worthless scum, calling them no–no boys.
There was a smaller group of extremists who believed that Japan had won and there were boats on
the way to bring all the true Japanese home, these people were typically older immigrants. First
generation immigrants are more resistant towards assimilation and feel a stronger connection to
their home country, than their second generation American–Japanese children exposed to American
ways and ideas. John Okada, author of No–No Boy, was born in Seattle,

The internment of Japanese Americans is an example of how one historical event can influence the
start of another. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor created fear throughout the nation. Newspaper
articles depicted Americans of Japanese descent as untrustworthy and a danger to the nation. They
warned that Japanese Americans were serving as spies for their mother country. As hysteria grew,
eventually all persons of Japanese descent living on the West Coast, including those born in the
United States, were forced into internment camps from the spring of 1942 till 1946. Japanese
Americans were separated from their families, robbed of their livelihood, and denied their human
rights. It took the United States government nearly 50 years to apologize for their wrongdoing and
provided the surviving internees with reparations for the hardships they faced. Context &
Chronology The Japanese attack on the U.S. Naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941
sparked an up rise in the anti–Japanese sentiment throughout the West Coast; however, hostility
towards Japanese American was common in this area nearly 40 years before the attack ("Personal
Justice Denied" 4). Citizens and state leaders of California were strongly against accepting the
Japanese. In 1905 the anti–Japanese movement began making waves in California. On February 23,
1905, the San Francisco Chronicle issued on article with the headline: "The Japanese Invasion: The
Problem of the Hour." Soon after a series of editorials

Shortly after the first bombs were dropped on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, the American
people's fear of the Japanese grew dramatically, especially for those Japanese living in America.
Almost every Japanese American was seen as a threat to the country. On February 19th, 1942,
Executive Order 9066 was issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, authorizing the relocation of
Japanese Americans to camps further inland. Over 175,000 Japanese Americans were affected in
some way by the order, even though more than 70,000 of them were born in the United States and
were American citizens. The common perspective of the American people was shown through their
use of the expression "A Jap's a Jap," virtually destroying the thought that any ... Show more content
Out of all ten internment camps in America, Manzanar is the most well–known. The harshness of
this camp lead to constant news stories and televised programs displaying events that occurred there
such as shootings, strikes, and a constant feeling of uneasiness and unrest throughout the
community. There was no such thing as privacy in Manzanar; a luxury taken for granted in today's
society was unknown to those who had to survive in Manzanar. All men and women shared toilets
as well as showers and lived in barracks with 200–400 other people in them. Each room had about
four people and was furnished with nothing but an oil stove, light bulb, cots, blankets, and
mattresses filled with straw. The living conditions were inhumane, with no privacy shacks that were
so poorly constructed they could barely hold together. Because it was located in the desert,
Manzanar was hot during the day and freezing at night. In order to receive food, prisoners had to
wait in long lines in front of the mess hall and were constantly sick from eating spoiled food.
Workers in Manzanar were paid little to nothing per month depending on their skill set and jobs in
the camp. Professional workers were paid about $19 per month,

Japanese Americans In Internment Camps
On February 19th, 1942 President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. What this order did was
authorize the war department to designate military areas and exclude anyone from them who they
felt was a danger or a threat. Its specific target without being obvious was Japanese Americans. This
was just a little over 2 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Over 110,000 Japanese Americans
living along the West Coast would soon be ordered to enter Internment Camps. The government had
also ordered Italian and German immigrants living in the United States to be sent to the camps as
well. According to PBS there was a plan drawn up in Washington to include all 158,000 Japanese
people living in Hawaii to be sent to the camps as well. Wealthy land ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Johan Galtung, structural violence is defined as "a form of violence wherein some
social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic
needs." The American government forced hundreds of thousands of Japanese Americans into
internment camps just because of their ethnicity. It did not matter if you were born here or not. If
you were Japanese, you were trouble and were thrown into a work camp. Because of the fear
instilled into the American people after the attacks on Pearl Harbor, everyone turned against the
Japanese. 2/3 of the camp workers were American born. Before being sent away to the camps, the
workers were kept in stockyards, fairgrounds, and race tracks. At the camps there was no heat and
food was rationed. Workers had to pay .48 to eat per meal per day. These people's basic human
rights were taken from them and they were treated unfairly. The reconciliation was when the camps
were closed in January of 1945. The government ended up paying the people who were in the camps
a total of $37,000,000 total and an additional $20,000 to each individual that was still alive in 1988
due to a persuasion from the Japanese

United States and the Japanese-Americans Essay
United States and the Japanese–Americans
The United States of America has had a rich and complex history that showcases a nation on the
move, a nation based on the ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and a nation that is
based on equality under the law and considered to be the land of opportunity for all. However, these
American ideals are not always put into practice, especially when it comes to the treatment of
immigrants. Whether these immigrants are Irish, Jewish, Italian, etc, they have not been afforded the
same rights and privileges as their American brethren. One such group of immigrants that gets
overlooked in the discourse of the mistreatment of the immigrant is the Japanese. Although they are
often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1913, the Alien Land Bill disqualified Japanese immigrants from owning land in California, and
in 1924, the U.S. Congress, for all intents and purposes, disallowed any further immigration of
Japanese people (Houston and Houston xi). This last act in this sequence is a culmination of anti–
Asian sentiment. First, the United States would not give naturalization rights to Asian immigrant or
even allow these immigrants to apply for citizenship. Then the U.S. government would not allow
them to own land and finally stopped their immigration to the United States altogether. Although
these particular acts do not specifically target the Japanese but Asian–Americans in general, these
actions by the U.S. government definitely do not aid in the attempt of Japanese immigrants to
successfully become U.S. citizens and integrate into American society.
However, that does not mean that the U.S. did not create certain understandings with the Japanese
government to choke off Japanese immigration. In 1905, the Russo–Japanese War was won by the
Japanese, the first time that an Asian power had ever defeated a premiere European power. With this
shocking victory came much anti–Japanese sentiment. In November 1906, the San Francisco
Chronicle reported that Japanese immigrants were loyal only to the Japanese empire and that every
Japanese immigrant was a spy for the Empire of Japan. To further this hostility, the San Francisco
School Board segregated the Japanese

Japanese Canadians And Japanese Canadian Americans
The government had interfered with their legal rights and did not give them equal protection under
the law. Simply, the decision of putting the Japanese Canadians into these camps where they were
racially discriminated, which negatively impacted on the Japanese Canadians. The Japanese
Canadians cannot simply change the color of their skin or who they are due to something others are
responsible for, and not the responsibility of them individually. The discrimination that Japanese
Canadians faced psychologically damaged the brains and had isolated them from the rest of the
world because they were categorized as inadequate individuals. Japanese Canadians were being
stereotyped as "enemy aliens" even though they had not done anything which would harm anyone.
According to (Marsh, 2012), during 1943, Alberta needed workers, but refused to hire the Japanese,
some of the Alberta farmers that did hire Japanese workers crowded them into small shacks, and
cheated them of their wages. This negatively impacted the money of the Japanese Canadians earned
for survival, and it also interfered with their well–being and health. According to the National
Museum of American History in 1943 every resident in the internment camps were required to
complete one of two questionnaires misleadingly entitled "Application for Leave Clearance" to
distinguish whether they were "loyal" or "disloyal". After Pearl Harbour all of the citizens of
Japanese ancestry had been classified 4–C "enemy aliens". This

Japanese Americans in American Concentration Camps
World War II was a time of deliberate hate among groups of innocent people who were used. While
the first thought that comes to mind is the Jewish people kept in Concentration Camps throughout
the Holocaust, this is not it. Japanese–Americans were persecuted due to the fact that they looked
like citizens of Japan, who had attacked the United States on December 7th, 1941 at the naval base,
Pearl Harbor. This hatred toward the group was due to newspapers creating a scare for the American
people, as well as the government restricting the rights of Japanese–Americans. The Japanese–
Americans were mistreated during World War II for no other reason than being different. These
men, women, and children were loathed by the American public for looking like the people of the
Japanese army that had attacked the United States. These people were only hated by association,
even though many had come to the United States to create a better life for their family. In March of
1942, the exclusion and imprisonment of Japanese American began. There was an authority that
started to administer the camps. These authorities were known and the "War Relocation Authority,"
(History.com) or the WRA. In the beginning, military–like prisoners were sent to the detention
centers on busses or trains. There were 13 detention centers, twelve in California and one in Oregon.
These centers were organized on farms, racetracks, or fairgrounds. Some even lived in the dirty
stalls of livestock. These stalls lacked

Japanese American National Museum Essay
History and culture has for a long time been preserved in places such as museums which allow
different people learn from past events thereby, allowing them to have a better understanding of that
particular culture. Many countries around the globe ensure that the preservation of their culture and
heritage is protect thereby creating places such as museums for that purpose. One of those museums
is the Japanese American National Museums which showcases their history and culture and how all
this has shaped its peoples history. This museum is located in Los Angeles California and its mission
is "to promote understanding and appreciation of America's ethical and cultural diversity by
showing the Japanese American culture." (About| Japanese American National Museum, 2015). It is
the hope of this museum that by remembering the Japanese American history will guard against
prejudice which has constantly threatened liberty and equality in a democratic society according to
(About| Japanese American ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a collection of more than 300 hundred letters, cards which were sent to Clara Breed by both
children and young adults held in these camps. These children had been her patrons at the San
Diego Public Library and she was outraged and shocked after learning that these young children and
their families were going to be removed from their homes into concentration camps. On the day of
their departure from San Diego, she made sure they had addressed and stamped postcard thereby
encouraging them to write (Dear Miss Breed: Letters from Camp). Buddhist churches of American
Collection is another online addition to the artifacts found in the museum. This collections includes
"selected panoramas consisting of temple events, national conferences and other gatherings that
took place during the 1920s through to 1940" (Buddhist Churches of American Collection,

Japanese American Detainment Camps
Although World War Two began in 1939, the United States did not enter the conflict until 1941. The
country's entrance into the war was caused by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. After the
attack the government had suspicion that the Japanese Americans were spies. So, congress passed
the Executive order 9066, stating all Japanese Americans would be relocated to detainment
camps.They remained in these camps for two years. Japanese Americans faced many difficulties in
the detainment camps. After the bombing America saw the west Coast as the most vulnerable for
more attacks because they had such a high population of citizens with Japanese descent. Due to the
high population, rumors and fear spread like wildfire that the Japanese Americans

Japanese American Internment
Japanese–American Internment The Japanese–Americans were kicked out of their homes and were
forced to live in internment camps. I think the Japanese–american internment camps were
unnecessary because the word Japanese–American says itself that these people were as american as
the people that sent them to those camps. I support my answer because in the article, "In Response
to Executive Order 9066: All Americans of Japanese Descent Must report to relocation centers" it
states, "I have always felt funny using chopsticks and my favorite food is hot dogs." I think this
means she was probably born in america, and to her its her home. In relation to this another piece of
evidence is in the article it states, "Our unjust imprisonment was the result

Japanese And Japanese American Museum
Extra Credit Assignment: Japanese American Museum On my visit to the Japanese American
Museum I learned plenty of History from a culture that I would have never pictured myself going
into depth with. I learned of the roots of the Japanese, religion, and injustices that they faced
throughout decades. Within all this I also learned what was the communities way of communication.
To begin with, the growing root for Japanese American communities was from 1908–1924. In
Hawaii plantation owners thought that Japanese women should migrate since they believed the work
that women provided was up to par with what they expected. In the Mainland's men were usually
single due to laws prohibiting them from marrying white women. A rising of a anti–Japanese
movement called the "Gentlemen's Agreement" arose in 1907–8 involving California and Japan,
making it so that no more Japanese immigrants would be allowed to migrate to U.S soil, but a
loophole was found that made it possible for women to join their families across states. Due to
traditional marriages of the Japanese custom marriages would be planned. The way this process
went was an exchange of pictures and letters and eventually the wife's moved the U.S with their
future husbands but were married legally in Japan.
Next, the Japanese immigrants culture was being Buddhist, a religion that offers a spiritual path for
transcending the suffering of existence. Some of them integrated Shinto, which was an ancient
religion in Japan and the

Japanese American Internment Camps
Between 1942 and 1945, thousands of Japanese Americans, regardless of United States citizenship
status, received orders to evacuate their homes and businesses. Sparked by rising fear amongst the
American people after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a Naval base in Hawaii, the U.S.
government relocated Japanese Americans to remote areas on the West Coast and in the south,
isolating them in internment camps. With no actual evidence supporting the creation of internment
camps, the U.S. interned Japanese Americans because of Japanese involvement in Pearl Harbor
resulting in a rise of anti–Japanese paranoia sparked by the economic success of Japanese
Americans, increased fear and prejudice within the United States government and amongst citizens,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over 110,000 Japanese Americans up and down the Pacific coast received numbers and
involuntarily relocated to ill–equipped, over–crowded assembly centers at stockyards, fairgrounds,
and racetracks, eventually reassigned to one of ten internment camps in remote areas of Colorado,
Wyoming, Arizona, Idaho, Arkansas, Utah or California. Surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by
armed soldiers, families lived in poorly built and overcrowded barracks with no running water and
very little heat. Forcing Japanese Americans into camps deprived them of their liberty, a basic
constitutional

The Impacts Of The Japanese Internment Of Japanese Americans
On February 19th, 1942 in the midst of world war two 120,000 Americans were put prison for their
ethnic background.These people may have been of Japanese descent but I am steadfast in the belief
that they were no less american than anyone else. The interment of the Japanese americans was a
racist, unjust, and illogical act the will forever leave a stain on america's honor as a nation. Moving
on, the interment of the Japanese Americans was a immensely racist action primarily for its
indifference to other races. The internment of Japanese Americans only imprisoned those of
Japanese descent. Furthermore, America justified this as a war act but the war was not against japan,
it was against Japan, Italy, and Germany. Now one would ask, "were people ... Show more content
The internment of Japanese Americans includes people of all heights, sizes, and ages. With this
being said, some people many not have been physically or mentally ready for being incarcerated. As
a result nearly 1,900 Japanese americans died in internment camps. May it be by natural causes or
unnatural causes the chaos and stress of relocating indisputably ushered it on. Furthermore the
relocation hurt the west coast economically. Without the Japanese businesses and employees
companies had to find new workers and new businesses to receive goods from. Also with japanese
people gone so was a major chunk of money with them. With a loss in money the west coast must
have suffered a kind of mini depression. In other words becauses there was less money circulating
the west coast the value of money shoots upward. Next, since store prices are not yet calibrated to
this new total money people will run out of money causes the store prices to rise because the stores
are not getting enough money. Lastly the imprisonment of the japanese americans cost more money
than it was worth. To imprison 120,000 people it takes several million if not billion, some of these
some of these costs are attributed from meals, transportation, water, electricity, building, military
supervision. Overall the incarceration of 120,000 Japanese americans is an action that America will
regret for the

Japanese-American Internment Camps
"We couldn't do anything about the orders from the U.S government. I just lived from day to day
without any purpose...", this is one of the quotes from the Japanese–Americans that were relocated
to one of the tragic internment camps. The Japanese–Americans were being relocated and played
around with when they were under suspicion of being spies. Many people were being racist to the
Japanese race at this time, which made many Japanese people feel crestfallen. The Japanese were
sent to harsh internment camps with very cramped living spaces. The mess halls provided grub–
style food. They were served potatoes instead of rice in the early years of internment, but many
rebelled and finally got rice. Even though they got what they wanted, it was prepared

Reasons For Japanese Americans In Internment
In the morning of December 7th, 1941, a swarm of Japanese warplanes bombed the Pearl Harbor in
a surprise attack. As a result, 2,400 Americans were killed and over a thousand were wounded. The
Japanese destroyed over 200 American aircrafts and suck several battleships while only losing under
a hundred of their men (History.com). Following this attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
declared war on Japan, officially entering World War II. Fearing that the Japanese Americans would
turn on America and aid Japan, Roosevelt signed an executive order that forced all Japanese
Americans to evacuate the West Coast. Approximately 120,000 Japanese were relocated to
internment camps. Because of the safety of the country and the Japanese, I believe that the United
States government was justified for interning Japanese Americans. First and foremost, placing
Japanese Americans in internment camps prevented them from spying and sabotaging the United
States. Americans feared that there might be Japanese spies among citizens, and their fear was
justifiable. After decoding Japanese cables in May 1941, we discovered that before the war, there
were already Japanese American spies monitoring the traffic across the American–Mexican border
(Hawkins). This shows that spies among Japanese Americans were a definite threat to the safety of
America. If Japanese spies were let loose in the country during World War II, the results of the war
could have been significantly different. Furthermore, if

Japanese American Influence
It is deplorable how easily the American government faltered in its responsibility in upholding the
rights of all American citizens, as well as how easily it was signed away. The United States
influenced by the effects of racial prejudice and mass hysteria, which had been developing since the
end of the First World War, lead to what were seen as reprimandable decisions in overruling the
rights of Japanese–Americans. With the major influences of fear–mongering caused from a risen
tensions of events in the East, beginning the Second World War in the Pacific, such as the Japanese
invasion of Manchuria, and later, direct attacks in the United States at military base, Pearl Harbor in
1941, were all proponents into the development of an era of exceptions,

Japanese Alien and Japanese-American Poets In U. S....
On February 19, 1942, Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued the infamous Executive Order 9066,
which resulted in the internment of 110,000 Japanese Aliens and Japanese Americans in
concentration camps because of the so–called "military threat," they posed. In 1945, poet Lawson
Fusao Inada wrote the following poem, titled "Concentration Constellation," which refers to the
various relocation camps that were used to contain these people:
In this earthly configuration,
We have, not points of light, but prominent barbs of dark...
Begin between the Golden State's highest and lowest elevations and name that location
Manzanar. Rattlesnake a line southward to the zone of Arizona, to the home if natives on the
reservation, and call those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Inada illustrates, government documents and written accounts are not the only way to study the
issues surrounding the internment; poetry, being a traditional and cherished practice brought over
from Japan and continued in the United States, serves to give a unique and informative perspective
into the lives of the Japanese internees. Not only does the poetry written by Japanese aliens and
American citizens of Japanese descent describe the living conditions in the relocation camps they
were imprisoned in, but it also demonstrates the array of emotions these people felt, including the
hope of one day being free, the anger at being imprisoned, and, most prominently, the sadness from
being away from home and loved ones.
Why was writing poetry so popular in the internment camps? Jori and Kay Nakano relate that short
poems "were ideal forms for the internees' expression of their pent–up emotion," because of the
scarcity of writing paper. The Nakanos also point out that short poems were a Japanese tradition of
expression, and thus a form that the people of Japanese descent were comfortable with. Their poetry
offered a means of escape and relief, a way to vent and reflect in the harsh environment they were
trapped in. While commenting on his own experiences, Inada asserts that "if it weren't for the poem,
the thoughts and feelings would have stayed submerged, unexpressed, gradually fading and
dispersing in my consciousness," and that

Japanese American Paranoia
In the early 1940's and as the war progressed, the treatment and perception of Japanese Americans,
most of the western parts, like California, got progressively worse. The prejudice against the
Japanese steamed from the treatment of the Chinese in America and how they provided cheap labor
for the United States, cheating "regular Americans" out of their jobs. Once the Japanese started to
have a significant demographic in California, concern swept across "Americans" once again, fearing
cheap labor and lack of jobs once more. As tensions grew, the American paranoia of a Japanese
invasion/revolt also increased. Once the American government decided that they would relocate all
of the Japanese Americans to a "safer" sight, to prevent any spies from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It took over a decade for the American Congress to show approval for every surviving person from
the camp to receive $20,000 in compensation. Although they did receive some form of an apology,
it was still over ten years late and did not heal the emotional wounds of these people. A survivor of
the internment camp, John Tateishi stated in an interview that he was humiliated when he came back
from the camps. "We came out of these camps with a sense of shame and guilt, of having been
considered betrayers of our country." (John

Japanese-American Internment Camps
The issues of Japanese–American internment camps is one of the most controversial, yet important
time periods of American history. Many have asked: Why should we learn about this event? The
event of Japanese–American internment camps has changed the way America and its citizens are
looked upon. As Americans, this event is important to learn so that an injustice like this will never
happen again in our history. This event has helped many people gain more rights and civil liberties.
This event has also helped other groups fight for their rights and freedoms. Although this event had
caused fear and pain, it had changed America and its treatment toward citizens of different descents
and ethic backgrounds. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, many people were
dubious towards many Japanese–Americans and believed they were working with Japan. With this,
on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066, moving several
Japanese–Americans into concentration camps, calling it a "military necessity" (Ewers 1). When
this happened, many Japanese–Americans lost everything they had owned such as houses, farms,
and their rights as American citizens. Most of the Japanese–Americans could not vote or take part in
any election. Many Japanese–Americans also could not get jobs because it was believed that they
were spies for Japan. One man, Fred Korematsu, had fought against the internment camps and tried
to earn Japanese– Americans rights and

The Unjust Treatment Of Japanese Americans
The Unjust Treatment of Japanese Americans
A series of unfortunate events would soon unfold on the Japanese American race. Terror and fear
hung over individuals when they were not allowed to do the same things they have done in the past.
It was time to start a new life, in a whole new place, with different people they have not yet met
before. It was the beginning of a new age for the Japanese Americans, and it was also one they
would have to seek through in order to make it to the end. Events started to turn on December of
1941 where the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. This struck terror on the United States and panic
spread throughout the country. The deepened fear of the Americans caused the relocation of
Japanese Americans to relocate to one of several internment camps. Taking away the Japanese
Americans away from their home, especially when their documents were legalized stating they were
citizens of the United States of America, was a violation of their rights here in the U.S. In a war
where the U.S. bravely fought to preserve liberty, the Japanese American Internment stands out
immeasurably, as a violation of the civil and human rights of tens of thousands of families.
Disaster first struck on February 19, 1942, where Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order
9066 which thereby gathered all the Japanese Americans and relocated them to one of the 10
internment camps (Gruenewald, p 48). A man by the title of General DeWitt, advised Franklin D.
Roosevelt to gather

The Japanese-American Internment Camps

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The Japanese-American Internment Camps