How The Nervous System Affects The Human Brain

How The Nervous System Affects The Human Brain
Neurons are the basic data processing units for the human brain. Every neuron can receive 1000 electrical impulses from other neurons. Impulses that
all come at the same time are added together and, if they are strong enough, they can generate electrical discharge, which is known as action potential
or a nerve impulse. Neurons have a cell body or soma. Additionally, they have myelin. Myelin allows nerve impulses to move quickly from oneneuron
to another, which makes rapid signal transmission possible. It is a critical part of the nervous system and if it is not in a body it can be devastating,
which can be exhibited through multiple sclerosis. The nervous system plays an important role in the body 's ability to feel sensations and is made up
of neurons, cells, and are necessary to perform even the simplest tasks. Your body has billions of tree–like processes that are involved in sensing this
information from the environment, relaying the information to your brain, and sending information to carry out the act of answering your cell phone
as a response to the initial sensory input.
There are a multitude of neurons in our bodies that are continuously communicating with each other to help us perform everyday tasks. These
communications are a way for the neurons to transmit information between one another. This information is generally related to the physical actions
and feelings which the body performs. Neurons allow us to feel pain and other sensations which would
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Physics : Physics On Daily Activities
Name: KishanKumar Patel
Date: 10/19/14
Physics in your Daily Activities The laws of physics have a significant impact in our daily lives. However, many people aren't even aware of how
physics impacts their lives. As the semester progresses, I have begun to notice the critical role physics play within my life. A few aspects of physics
that I've noticed in my life are motion, dimensions, vectors, and displacement. Ultimately, physics is constantly acting around us. There are many
examples that involve physics such as automobiles, the process of going for a small walk, electricity, and even eating food. Let's discuss about how
physics is involved in our daily activities. To begin, in order to perform one's daily activities he or she will require energy. Where does this energy
originate? For the most part, we obtain our energy by consuming food such almonds, fish, brown rice, or milk. The energy stored inside the food is in
the form of a chemical potential energy. The process of digesting allows your body to convert the food into new chemical bonds (McCulloch). As a
result, the energy that is produced by food is converted into mechanical energy. This is one of the many examples of how physics has an impact on our
daily lives and activities.
Secondly, another prime example of the daily involvement of physics is automobiles. Previously in history, many low quality vehicles were carelessly
designed. As a result, many of these vehicle were not exactly considered safe and didn't

Ccea as Biology Coursework: an Investigation to Find the...
An investigation to find the water potential of potato and carrot tubers in a sucrose solution, of concentration 0.00 – 0.50Mol, over a 24 hour period
Interpretation
Written Communication
C1
From our graph it can be seen that the concentration of sucrose solution is 0.18 M at 0% change in mass for the potato and 0.355 M at 0% change in
mass for the carrot. I will use these values to find the solute potential by using the calibration graph. I will work out the water potential by using the
equation, ОЁ=ОЁs +ОЁp (Water Potential = Solute Potential + Pressure Potential). The ОЁs of the potato at 0% change in mass is –500 kPa and the
ОЁs of the carrot at 0% change in mass is –1000 kPa. Through the use of our equation, the water potential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The kinetic energy causes the particles to vibrate and move randomly – moving around the area in which they are held. The random movement causes
the particles to distribute randomly around the area. The higher concentrated solution has more particles that can move across the membrane compared
to the lower, producing a net movement down the concentration gradient.
Thirdly, we tried to maintain the temperature by keeping the test tubes in a regulated room. If the temperature were to increase it would cause the
kinetic energy of the sucrose solution increase and if the temperature were to decrease it would cause the kinetic energy of the sucrose solution to
decrease.
I also tried to ensure that each tuber was dried in the same way, but this proved to be very difficult. It was important to only remove the solution from
the surface because we did not want to remove any water from the cells which would affect the mass of the tubers.
Lastly, each tuber was sourced from the same potato or carrot as every potato and carrot have a different composition of starch and sucrose which
would alter the solute potential of the potato and carrot and this has an effect on the amount of water that enters or leaves the tubers by osmosis.
D3

Although the experiment was as fair as it could have been, there were some factors that were beyond our control. Firstly, the tubers that we used may
not have been from the same specimen,

Explain How Are Gradients Important In Diffusion And Osmosis
Questions to Ponder:
What is kinetic energy and how does it differ from potential energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, however potential energy is the energy that is stored.
What environmental factors affect kinetic energy and diffusion?
Factors like temperature, surface area, and salinity affect kinetic energy and diffusion.
Why do these factors alter kinetic energy and diffusion?
Temperature increases kinetic energy of the molecules, facilatating faster diffusion of particles as particles now have a greater speed and thus more
readily diffuse across the membrane. Higher surface area allows for greater diffusion as more particles can enter at once with more room in which to
enter. Higher salinity means more particles within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How are gradients important in diffusion and osmosis?
Without gradients, diffusion and osmosis would not be possible. This is because diffusion is the movement of particles down concentration gradients
and osmosis is the diffusion of water, which means they both require gradients to function.
What is the explanation for the fact that most cells are small and have cell membranes with many convolutions?
Higher surface area to volume ratio as being small minimizes volume and having many folds maximizes surface area. With a higher surface area,
greater diffusion rates can occur as there is a larger area for nutrients and water to pass through.
Will water move into or out of a plant cell if the cell has a higher water potential than the surrounding environment?

Because substance move from high concentration to low concentration, water will go out of the cell and into the surrounding environment.
What would happen if you applied saltwater to a

Ice Observation
The witness has been the manager at the Ice Rinks for the last 4 years. He reviews ice contracts and is only involved with the interior portion. He
reports to Gart Snow who is the general manager of the New York Islanders and employees. Other employees who make up the team and shoveled
the snow are Scott Berge, Joseph Fin, Richard Glass and Jimmy Carumma. The work was directed by the witness. The assistant manager is
Christina Mott. There are approximately 40 cars in the parking lot, in front of the building and about 10 cars in back of the building. Landscaping in
front of the building is closest to the sidewalk and it has front and back entrances. The front entrance is for the general public and the back is for
employees. There is one entrance/exit at the front. In January and February he would inspect the area daily if it was snowing. The witness would
inspect the parking lot with his men. He would look for snow and ice by walking through the whole lot. His inspection of the parking lot included an
inspection of the sidewalk. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He used a bucket of salt provided to him by Preferred Landscape. The bucket was about 1' high. He used no sand. The bucket would be replenished
whenever the witness called John to replenish it. John signed a proposal, not an agreement for snow removal. The witness saw the bobcat used by
Preferred to remove snow from the parking lot as well as from the sidewalk. It would be pushed forward to let cars park. According to the proposal,
John was to respond 24x7x365, meaning at all times but the witness recalls having to call him for his lack of presence. The witness saw Preferred
throw sand on the parking lot and sidewalk. The sand was on a truck and was removed by a machine. The trucks were also moving and spreading over
10

Essay on Investigate the Water Potential of Potato Cells
Investigate the Water Potential of Potato Cells
Introduction
In my investigation, I hope to determine the water potential of potato cells. The plant material I will use in my investigation will be potato chips, which
I will cut myself prior to the investigation.
I hope to find the concentration of a solution where the chip stays the same mass and length, which will tell me that the water potential inside the cells
is the same as the water potential outside the cells.
Background
Osmosis is defined as the movement of water through a semi–permeable membrane. Semi – permeable membranes are permeable to water but
impermeable to certain dissolved substances. In the case of this experiment, the sucrose molecules cannot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will measure the length and cross–sectional area for each chip.
o Time the chip is left in the solution – I think that if I were to leave the chips in the solution for only a small amount of time there might not be
sufficient time for the osmosis to occur, so that the chips would not differ in size enough for conclusive results. Therefore, I will need to give a good
amount of time for the osmosis to occur.
o Temperature– I believe that all reactions happen quicker when there is a higher temperature, so diffusion across the membrane may be faster at
higher temperature.
o Concentration of sucrose solution – I think that the lower the concentration of the external sucrose solution, the more the chip will expand (because
the cells become turgid).
o Total Volume of sucrose solution– I think that changing the volume of sucrose solution may affect the results of my investigation.

Variable I will change:–
I will change the concentration of sucrose solution in my experiment, because I believe the results of that experiment will tell me the water potential of
the potato cells.
Fair Test
I will carry out all my experiments at the same temperature, 20В°C, because that is room temperature, and I will not have to heat up anything. I will
cut my chips to the same dimensions every time, using a ruler, and a sharp knife (for accuracy) – to

Investigating The Diffusion Of Water Molecules From An...
Osmotic Diffusion across Semi–Permeable Membranes to Support Water Potential Flowing from an Area of High Water Potential to an Area of Low
Water Potential
By
Ruth Slade
BZ 120
LAB #10
Introduction:
Understanding the diffusion of water into and out of the cell through osmosis is fundamental to the learning and teaching of biology (e.g. Cook, Carter
and Wiebe, 2008).
In the following paper will attempt to prove a hypothesis that osmosis or water potential can be observed to "flow" through a semi–permeable
membrane from high water potential to areas of low water potential. The hypothesis will use sucrose bags in various medias with a control bags that
will gain or lose water weight.
Objective:
To observe diffusion of water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bag #4 had a 40% solution of sucrose and was red. Bag #5 was half filled with pure water with no coloring. Bags 1–5, where all half full with the
described solutions, then tied close. Also, another two bags (bag #6 and #7), one containing water (bag #7) and bag #6 with 40% sucrose solution
with red food coloring, are completely filled when tied, unlike bags #1–5. The dialysis tubes where knotted at both ends with a simple knot and tested
to ensure no leaks, then a 6 inch long string was tied to one end of the bags to aid in retrieval from the beakers. One beaker was filled with enough
water to cover all 5 half full bags (bags 1–5), whereas the other was filled with enough 40% sucrose solution to emerge the 2 full bags (bags 6 & 7).
Please note that a control bag was present in both beakers, bag #5 in Beaker with water and bag #7 in the Beaker with 40% sucrose solution. At the
beginning of the experiment all packets where weighed and recording in grams on the scale, all bags where then placed into their respective beakers.
They were weighed at 15 minute intervals, for a total of 60 minutes. Upon weighing all the packets where rinsed and dried thoroughly to prevent any
additional solution or water to cling to the exterior of the bags, the results were recorded in Figure 1.
Results:
After 60 minutes, in the Beaker with water and bags 1–5 weights and % changes are as follows. Bag 1 with 5% sucrose gained the least with 0.4

Are Water For Meet Global Demands For Food? 2050?...
Will there be sufficient water to meet global demands for food in 2050? Critically discuss the challenges and suggest potential solutions.
K1212718
Water and food security are closely linked together. It is an important resource for the maintenance of food production and agriculture. And with the
effects of climate change becoming more apparent the natural recharge of aquifers are being affected thus straining the availability of water supply
which turn affects food production process and energy needed to extract and distribute the water. And as global population levels increase past the
planets ability to support it there will be food shortages in the future. But that's only if the same business as usual trend is continued. Agriculture ...
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However there are solutions ranging from decentralised forms of water management such as water reuse via rainwater harvesting at a local level
(municipalities), using green water sources more efficiently, desalinisation and the transference of water via pipelines to other areas and virtual water
trading.
Water supply and population growth rate
The planets population growth rate is increasing beyond its ability to support it and is predicted to reach 9 billion Charles and Goldfray (2010).
As a result many areas of the world are experiencing water scarcity. This is due to a notion that "the fast increase in crop productivity worldwide
between 1960 and 1990, science policy makers became convinced that the capacity of the Earth to produce food was sufficiently large to meet any
future demand" Fereres, Orgaz, and Dugo (2011). As a result this notion has likely led to the underestimation on how fast a population can grow.
According to literature developing nations in Africa and Asia are likely to be the worst affected when it comes to water supply (refer to figure 1).
According to Mancosu et al (2015) the accumulative amount of fresh water resources for the entire planet lies at around 43,700 km3 year –1. However
if we look at percentages in which these resources are distributed around the world there are massive

Geothermal Energy Potential For Solar Energy
For Longmont, solar energy may be the best option, although Hydro power, Biomass, and Geothermal all present options. For Utica, solar energy
potential was very low, while the potential for Hydro power is high and most likely that best option. For Cedar Rapids, solar energy potential was also
relatively low, while Biomass presents the greatest potential. Yuma has extremely high potential forsolar energy, so this seems to be the best option,
but also has high potential for Geothermal energy and Hydro power.
I would recommend the following to Mr. Greene for each of the four locations:
Longmont, CO: 70% Solar, 30% Geothermal
Utica, NY: 100% Solar
Cedar Rapids, IA: 30% Solar, 70% Biomass
Yuma, AZ: 80% Solar, 20% Geothermal
Description of Criteria and Methods
Criteria
Cost refers to the monetary value that the University of Florida would have to distribute in order to create and maintain an alternative energy system.
Specifically, the University of Florida would finance labor and materials (including those that make up the alternative energy system).
Efficiency refers to how well an alternative energy system creates usable energy. Because many alternative energy systems rely on the physical
location of certain devices and thus are capable of being less efficient in certain physical locations, location is an integral part of efficiency.
Methods
Research was conducted over the Internet. Specifically, the University of Florida's online library system was used to find

Physical Science
Assignment 1
Energy can be converted from one form into another in three basic ways know as the action of force. The first one is gravitational forces which is
when gravity accelerates a falling object, its converts its potential energy to kinetic energy. Likewise, when an object is lifted the gravitational field
stores the energy exerted by the lifter as potential energy in the earth–object system. The second one is electric and magnetic force fields which is
charged particles, upon which electrical fields exert forces, possess potential energy in the presence of an electric field in a way similar to that of an
object in a gravitational field. These force fields can accelerate particles, converting a particle's potential energy into ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Several different types of oil and gas "traps" exist. Natural gas is found throughout the world in reservoirs deep beneath the surface of the earth and
floor of the oceans. It forms as pockets of gas over crude oil deposits or is trapped in porous rock formations. Natural gas can be found in oil deposits,
as associated natural gas, although non associated natural gas is often found without the presence of oil. Natural gas is considered as a clean fuel
because of its environmentally friendly properties such as being practically sulphur free and it produces virtually no sulphur dioxide or SO2. (http:/
/environment.about.com/fossilfuels/Environmental_Issues_Fossil_Fuels_Alternative_Fuels.htm)
Two different energy alternatives that came to mind iswind power and hydropower. Societies have taken advantage of wind power for thousands of
years. The first known use was in 5000 BC when people used sails to navigate the Nile River. Persians had already been using windmills for 400 years
by 900 AD in order to pump water and grind grain. (www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/energy–and–you/affect/non–hydro.html)Windmills may have even been
developed in China before 1 AD, but the earliest written documentation comes from 1219. Cretans were using hundreds of sail rotor windmills to
pump water for crops and livestock. Wind power is one of the most promising new energy sources that can serve as

Using Named Examples Assess The Potential For Water Supply...
Using named examples, assess the potential for water supply to become a source of conflict. (15)
According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all
people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the
various players involved.
In addition, global climate change will exacerbate these challenges faced by countries and populations. Shifting precipitation patterns threaten to reduce
water availability in some regions while inflicting stronger storms on others, increasing both potential droughts and floods. This may increase the
frequency of more serious ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However in order to secure their supply they must engage in peaceful negotiations as violence would only jeapordise their share of the supply. Thus the
potential for water conflict is there as tensions continue to increase between upstream and downstream nations, and perhaps overtime as the
downstream nations share of the supply is further squeezed, these tensions are likely to result in conflict.
Conflict can also occur within a country, for example the states situated within the Colorado river basin have been constantly squabbling over who
owns the water supply and who should be allocated the most water. In the 1920s the 'Law of the River' established the division of water amongst
the upper basin states, it also defined their responsibility to supply water to the lower basin states. This division had been based on an estimated
annual flow of 21 billion m3/yr in 1920, however this was a time of above normal flows, recent studies have indicated that long term average flows
are around 18 billion m3/yr. The deficit between the flow and the allocation has become more apparent as the population in the clorado basin states
continues to rise. As a result of this deficit tensions are rising between the states, California receives a large percentage of the water as a result of its
large population and political power even though the river does not directly flow through it. This has heightened tensions with the states

Project Classroom Makeover Analysis
In "Project Classroom Makeover", Cathy Davidson demonstrates the potential benefits that can come from the implementation of technology in the
current educational paradigm. Furthermore, in Sherry Turkle's "selections from Alone Together", Turkle discusses the unique relationship between a
child and his or her artificially intelligent toys, some of which included Tamagotchis and Furbies. Interestingly, children give these toys special
treatment relative to other toys. If the special treatment encourages positive behavior, then these toys could be potentially implemented into the current
educational paradigm as a new form of technology. Therefore, the real question is are there benefits of allowing children to play with these toys, or
will there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As discussed before, as long as these toys do not shut down in response to pain and do not overly express their pain by crying, these toys should be safe
in a school environment. Also, if these toys respond to behavior like the Tamagotchis and Furbies, then it will be beneficial to allow children to play
with these toys during school time. This is due to the ability of "computers...[that can] turn children into philosophers" (Turkle, 463). For the Duke
university students, computers enabled them to create new applications for the iPod. Therefore, the computers helped turn them into a type of
philosopher, one that thinks innovatively. The iPod experiment is a perfect example of benefits of applying technology to the education system
because it did in fact turn young adults into a type of philosophers. For children, computers turned them into a type of philosophers by transforming
them "into caretakers" (Turkle, 464). Philosophers of this type thinks emotionally and understands that all life, even "digital life, can be emotionally
roiling" (Turkle, 464). When children play with their Tamagotchis and Furbies, they can experiment their actions with toys and not with people. This
allows for them to understand the consequences of mistreating

A Report On The Energy Project Programme
Assignment A
During the summer of 2014 I took part in the Energy Project programme, I was paired with a small heating–engineering company, Global Celsius
solutions. The company had recently developed a cheap, rugged and reliable water boiling system, the "Jompy" boiler. The system itself took
advantage of compact heat exchanger design principles incorporating a high surface area, minimising the footprint of the system without sacrificing
overall performance, the boiler was capable of producing water in excess of 70oC within a matter of 5–7 seconds(from my own experience with the
boiler). The overall aims of the project included:
1.Researching possible rental markets, with an emphasis on sustainable development.
2.Effects of transport ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of the hiring of the local partners is to take advantage of their knowledge of the local populace, for example if a potential customer has a
reputation of looking after their belongings and being good on their word concerning their repayments, then a set minimum deposit would be
implemented, and vice versa for a person notorious for abuse of equipment and poor money management. The key would be to ensure that the monthly
repayments would remain consistent. After approximately 8 months the "Jompy" is paid off, instead of increasing profitability of the scheme after this
benchmark all excess repayments are invested back into local development and infrastructure (schools, education fees, stationary etc). My task was to
investigate potential problems faced by the model and if any companies had successfully implemented like–minded schemes. To accomplish this, the
potential problems of the model had to be identified in this case one of the main problems involved initiating an honest and mutually beneficial
relationship with these Sub–Saharan local communities. This came in the form of formulating potential marketing strategies and suggesting forms of
engagement towards those who would benefit most from the product. Another of the main goals

The World Is A Single Gigantic Sphere Of Energy
Utilizing What We Have
The world is a single gigantic sphere of energy. The Earth contains other branches of different types of energy such as: Kinetic, potential, mechanical,
heats, chemical, light, and atomic energy, solar, hydroelectric is different types of energy sources. When using kineticenergy, you use force which is
scientifically defined as a push or pull on an object.
When work is being done it is considered kinetic energy. For example: When you do a kip on bars, during the glide you pull your toes to the bar
instead of muscling up, once you start to come to front position, you must push down on the bar, in order to arrive at the bar in front position. These
are examples of push and pull force we use in everyday life. Whether it is opening a door, or pushing a stroller our lives consist of force, and kinetic
energy.
Potential energy is stored energy. When you are standing still you are exercising potential energy, because no work is being done. If someone was to
bump into you, and you would move it would be considered kinetic energy. However, if you take a picture of person NO.1 standing still, and person
NO.2 moving toward them, the picture would contain both potential energy, and kinetic energy.
Heat energy is primarily observed with friction. All friction contains heat. For example: when a tailpipe on a car comes unlatched. If you do not know
it is loose, over time it becomes looser. Eventually it could start dragging on the ground while the vehicle is in

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hydroelectric Power
Aneudis Salcedo
Prof. Kadik
Physics 20
19 April, 2016
Research Paper
Hydroelectric Power
Electricity is used everywhere in our lives. Electricity give life to our homes, our television sets, our computers, and other electronic devices.
Electricity also is used for charge our batteries, the batteries that keeps our cars running, our control remotes working, our laptops, our flashlights to
keep shinning in dark, and even cell phones. Electricity is the energy that can produce sound, light, heat and many more. Many devices and artifacts we
use every day, not only in our homes even in the industries, depends on electricity. But, how we get the production of electricity? Well, fortunately I
found that hydroelectric is one of the cleanest and efficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As we all know, every construction has his advantages and disadvantages. This is why there are multiples version of many constructions, because
they want to find the one with less disadvantages and more advantages. And this case, hydropower has many advantages that we benefit a lot of it,
while also has disadvantages. One of the advantages that hydropower has is that it doesn't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels,
such as coal or natural gas. Which means that it does not produce carbon dioxide and a construction like this does not create carbon monoxide fumes,
nuclear waste or other environmental hazard materials. Another advantage of a hydropower is that is available as needed, because engineers can
control the flow of water through the turbines to produce electricity depending upon the demand. Other of the advantages is that hydropower use
water, one of the Earth's most abundant resources, and it's fully renewable. The rivers, streams, and lakes that hydroelectric power sources use to
generate power are always flowing and moving about on their own, and the turbine simply pass the power and sends it out to the needed areas. One of
the disadvantages is that large reservoirs required for the operation of hydroelectric power stations result in submersion of extensive areas of upstream,
which cause destructive biological rich and productive lowland. Another disadvantage is that when changes in the amount of river flow correlate

Descriptive Essay On A Crazy Canoe Capper
Next year I am hoping for you to join me in my insane, adrenaline pumping ride called the crazy canoe capper. This ride is based off a wicked canoe
ride. You will be flung around the adventure of a lifetime near rocks, sharks, hills, and water. The ride consists of a roller coaster, water ride, and a
creepy place to be. Plus, you should be ready to go fast and slow, up and down, and side to side. When you are entering the building you will see a
canoe in the water. Since it is called the crazing canoe capper the cart is a canoe but on a track that is under water. This cart consists of bright neon
colors on the top with swirls and curvy lines. Only two seats will be placed in the cart, but on the side will be all caps CRAZY CANOE CAPPER.
When you come out of the building you will see on your... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As you are floating past the flags you have a lot of potential energy. Next, you are being propelled up the hill by a force with a constant speed. As you
are going up there is mist lying against your face. When you do get up the hill the water track will start winding down the pole as you start to gain
momentum. The speed of your canoe going down the pole determines the mass of how much each of the rider's weight so be careful about who
you sit with. Centripetal acceleration along with centripetal force are two of the many things you will be feeling. However, right before you stop
winding and go straight you will notice there is no more water. You then go down the hill and start to go into free fall. A simple loop will be waiting
for you at the bottom after you are done free falling. In the middle of the loop, you will feel air resistance and also gravity pulling you down. After the
loop, you will go up another hill but you will have some potential energy. Additionally, the coaster will turn into a water coaster as soon as you start
going down. When you do go down the hill you will start to free fall once more, but soon enough friction will

Investigating the Water Potential of Potato Cells
Investigating the Water Potential Of Potato Cells Aims 1. To test how water potential, in a solution, affects the movement of water in and out of a
cell by osmosis Prediction I predict that by increasing the water potential around the outside of the potato cell, (i.e. so that the water potential is
greater outside the cell compared to the inside of the cell e.g. 0m sucrose) that the net movement of water into the cell will increase. This is due to the
water potential being greater outside the cell compared to the inside of the cell, therefore water will diffuse into the cell by a process of osmosis. The
opposite however will occur when the water potential outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell (i.e. with hypotonic solutions, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I can do this by following two steps.(1). Firstly I can work out the concentration of sucrose in the
potato by reading of my graph were the %change in mass is 0, as this shows that at this point there is no net movement of water hence the two areas
have equal solute potentials. (In this case the morality of the potato is 0.14m.) (2). I can then use this to work out the solute potential of the potato by
using the below graph, which was made from information from data sheets, showing the solute potential at different moralities. The graph shows that as
you increase the sucrose concentration of the solution surrounding a potato,(hence making the solution Hypotonic)that the net movement of water out
of the cell increase. This is represented by the downwards–sloping curve of the graph and is due to the increased solute potential of the surroundings
meaning that there is more solute in the solution; hence more solutes form bonds with water molecules meaning that the water molecules are no longer
free to move or they move more slowly. As a result of this the water enters the solute solution faster than water leaves the solute i.e. there is a net water
movement out of the cell through the (permeable) membrane . This is not true however before 0.14m concentration of solution as the solute
concentration is greater in the cell and therefore water enters the cell by a process of

Newton's Laws of Motion
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force (Newton's First Law).
To determine if a person should run or walk, you will have to understand the Second Law of
Motion. The second law states that force equals mass times acceleration. In order for a person
of a certain mass to accelerate, that person must use some force, so the force must overcome
gravity, friction, and be larger than the mass of the person trying to move (Newton's Second Law
of Motion). If you want to walk or run you will need a bigger force (В¶ 4). To walk is not as hard
as running, so less force is needed to succeed in doing it (Forester). This leads us to the third law
of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Newton's Third Law).
Another concept of Physics is moving water. For example, flushing the toilet, waterfalls
and dams. Flushing a toilet is a great example of transferring energy. Usually on most toilets
there is tan on the back of it filled with water. Water that is stored is a great example of potential
energy and no kinetic energy. Once toilet is flushed, it gives the water momentum. From
waterfalls and dams we can produce hydropower. It is a renewable energy source that converts

kinetic energy from falling water into electricity. From the water momentum pushes against the
turbine's blades to switch

The Six Different Type of Energy
This report is on energy. Energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. What that was saying is that for
everything you want to do, you have to have the physical ability and the mind set to do it. Energy and work are the two most important things in
human society. Work is activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result. That means, is you want something
done, DO IT. Kinetic energy is energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion. Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue
of its position relative to others, stresses within it, electric charge, and other factors. Mechanical energy is mechanical energy is the sum of potential
energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.
The six different types of energy are thermal, electrical, nuclear, chemical, sound, andlight. Thermal push is the part of the total electric potential
energy and kinetic energy of an object or sampling of matter that results in the system temperature. Electrical vigor is the energy carried by moving
electrons in an electric music director. It cannot be seen, but it is one of our most useful strains of energy because it is relatively easy to transmit and
use. All topics consist of atom, and every atom contains one or more electrons, which are always moving. The energy released during nuclear fission or
fusion, extrasensory perception. When

General Cutaneous Sensations
LAB 2
GENERAL CUTANEOUS SENSATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This lab involves the examination of cutaneous receptors. There are four exercises. For this lab, report your observations in a formal report, according
to the formatting prescribed in Lab Report Format.doc which is found on Blackboard under Assignments/Before You Begin.
Equipment needed:
Metal calipers or compass with pencil 2 or more blunt probes (ball point pens or forks with blunt tines) 3 pennies 1 liter ice water in large container 1
liter hot water in large container (make sure it is bearable to the touch) 1 liter room–temperature water in large container Felt–tip markers, blue, red,
and black (not permanent) Stop watch or digital ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deformation of this tissue results in depolarization of the neuron.
Both light touch and deep pressure are fast–adapting senses. The bulb of connective tissue is involved with adaptation. When deformation of these
receptors first occurs, there is a burst of electrical activity. If the stimulus is sustained, the bulb then mechanically adjusts to it, and allows the sensory
nerve to repolarize. The effect is loss of sensation. As soon as the pattern of deformation changes, the neuron immediately depolarizes again. The overall
effect is to increase sensitivity to changes in the pattern of physical contact (touch) with the environment.
Observations to make:
Look at the photo of a Meissner's corpuscle in the book, and locate the receptor. Observe the nerve fibers within the capsule (bulb). Notice how they
are arranged parallel to the skin surface. Describe briefly –
Look at the photo of a Pacinian corpuscle. Notice the onion–like bulb of connective tissue. Describe briefly –
EXERCISE 2: LOCATION & DENSITY OF CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS

PART A: TOUCH RECEPTOR DENSITY
The density of touch receptors varies with location on the body. The fingertips, toes, and lips have the greatest density. These areas of the body have
the highest tactile resolution: the ability to discriminate between one and two points of stimulation.
You will use a two–point discrimination test to compare tactile resolution (and receptor density) on various parts of your body. An estheiometer is

Essay on The Hoover Dam
The Hoover Dam
Out in the middle of no where, an hour drive away from Las Vegas, NV lies one of the biggest dams and power plants in the world. Built in the
heart of the depression, it serves as more than just a barrier from water to pass through. The concrete poured into the walls of Hoover Dam, are made
by the sweat and blood of hundreds of Americans who were looking to save themselves, and their families.
Residing on the Colorado River, the Hoover dam rises out of no where. Downstream from the Grand Canyon, this structure is almost as impressive as
the Grand Canyon. With its towering height, and awesome power output, it is almost inconceivable that the technology required to build such a structure
would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The engineering design that went behind building such a massive barrier is unbelievable. While building started in 1931, it is clear that there was a
huge push to make this structure even decades before the first shovel pierced the earth. The American agriculture in the southwest, was going
through a cycle of floods and droughts, this would make for very harsh growing conditions. Engineers felt that it was possible to block the Colorado
River, which would allow for regulation of the water and also hydroelectric power. This massive project would not have been possible without the
financing of a very large company. During the middle of the depression, it was extremely hard to find a company who was willing to front the money
to start the project. One was found and for close to forty nine million dollars, the dam was financed by six different smaller construction companies.
The first thing that needed to be constructed was roads that lead up to the dam site. Hoover dam isn't anywhere close to any towns or cities. The
railroads didn't even lead up to it. The first order of business was to make the dam accessible by the cars and trains that would be bringing in the
supplies necessary to make the dam. In order to try and stop the water from flowing down to the dam site, a cofferdam was built slightly upstream, and
another slightly down stream from the dam site. This cofferdam allowed for the diversion of water through large pipes to down below

Calorimeter Lab
The purpose of this lab is to find most efficient way to capture energy from a combusted chip using a calorimeter. We made a basic calorimeter by
using a steel can. Throughout our lab we made modifications to the calorimeter to increase the percent of energy captured by the water. Energy is the
ability to do work or the ability to move or produce change in matter (Castro). Energy is always conserved; it cannot be destroyed or created. When a
ball is flying through the air it has kinetic energy. It has ability to do work and to act with other object when it hits another figure. Kinetic energy is
energy that is in motion or is doing work. A cup sitting on a table haspotential energy. If you knock the cup off the table gravity will ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can determine the nature of reaction from the sign of DH. It is completely independent of whether the reaction takes place in a series of steps or
all at once, this is know as Hess' Law. Some reactions give off so much energy that they are explosive, and some only give off a little bit of heat.
Other reactions don't take place until we add heat from the surroundings (Enthalpy). Calorimetry is the science connected with determining the
changes in energy of a system by measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings (The Physics Classroom). So if the mass of water and the
temperature change of the water in the coffee cup calorimeter can be measured, the quantity of energy gained or lost by the water can be calculated
(The Physics Classroom). The equation to find it is Q = mВ°CО”T

Essay on Ap Biology Lab 1 Questions
AP Biology Lab 1
Ross Lordo
Introduction Questions
1.The solute potential would be –2.48. If the concentration inside the cell is .15 M, then would diffusion out of the cell and into the solution of .1 M.
This is due to water potential and the tendency for water to move from areas of high water potential to low water potential.
2.The turgor pressure must be equal to the water potential if there is no net diffusion. The cell and environment have reached equilibrium and the
movement of water is equal on both sides.
Getting Started
1.Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The difference between kinetic energy andpotential energy is the kinetic energy is
the energy of an object that is already in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.Most cells are small because diffusion can take place at a quicker rate. The convolutions allow for more space to be able to be used in order to get
molecules across the membrane. These small cells allow for materials to quickly be able to reach the cell membrane and get in or out of the cell,
without having to make a long journey from an inside part of the cell.
6.Water will move out of the cell. The high water potential means there is little solute in the cell and more in the outside environment. In order to
balance these concentrations, water moves out of the cell and creates equilibrium with the environment.
7.If saltwater is applied to a plant, the plant would shrivel up and die. This is a result of the water moving out of the cells in order to try to balance
the concentration of solute compared to inside the cell. The water movement out of the cell would cause the cell to shrink and the lack of water would
eventually cause the plant to die.
8.A plant can control its turgor pressure through its central vacuole and cell wall. If a great amount of water is inside the cell, the central vacuole
will take in some of the water to take some of the pressure of the cell wall. The cell wall can also eliminate water from making its way into the cell.
The would cause the cell to keep expanding, but slowly eliminate its excess

Investigating the Water Potential of a Potato
Investigating the water potential of a potato
Aim
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a low water concentration through a semi–permeable
membrane. Our aim is to investigate the water potential of a potato through osmosis, by finding the difference in weight before and after the potato has
been set in a solution of water, sugar or salt.
Trial Method
Firstly we collected the equipment. This included a scalpel, potato cutter, and test tubes. Then we cut the potato using the potato cutter into cylinders.
Then we used the scalpel to cut each potato strip down to size. To get each strip as close as possible the same length and width we used a ruler get
correct measurements. Then we filled ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because the higher the molar of the sugar, the more water will escape from the potato strip in order to achieve equilibrium.
The table below shows the percentage change of weight from before the experiment to after the experiment.
Molar of sugarBefore experiment (g) % change in weight from before exp. To after exp.After experiment (g)
0.05.8414.21 to 2 d.p6.67
0.2 6.058.936.59
0.4 5.6220.284.48
0.6 5.8031.383.98
0.85.8039.483.51
1.05.7439.553.47
Average5.8125.644.78
Changes to be made to method
We will put a drop or two of oil on top of each solution to stop fungus and bacteria colonies developing on the surface. Because it was not oiled in the
pre–test, bacteria from the air landed on the solution and started to multiply, feeding on the solution, in turn making the experiment inaccurate.

Final Apparatus List
Test tubesx15
Test racksx3
Distilled water
Potatoesx4
Cylinder cuttersx1
Crafting knives x1
Rulerx1
Weighing machine
Final Method
Firstly I collected all the equipment such as the scalpels, test tubes, test racks etc. We used the same equipment as was in the trial test but there are
more test tubes, racks,

Final Exam Questions On Osmosis
Michelle Leeman Final Exam: 1)Fill in the blanks using the appropriate directional term: (in the anatomical position) (5 pts) a) The heart is posterior to
the sternum b) The manubrium is medial to the gleno–humeral joint c) The dura mater is anterior to the spinal cord d) The cranium is superior to the
sacrum e) The calcaneus is posterior to the toes 2)What is osmosis? Is osmosis a passive or an active process? Describe how osmosis occurs across
the cell membrane. How can the solute concentration of the interstitial fluid affect cell shape? Be specific. (5 points) Osmosis is the movement of
water molecules through a semi–permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides.
Osmosis is a passive process and does not require energy like an active process would. A semi–permeable membrane is a membrane that allows certain
molecules or ions to pass through, water being one of those molecules, thus allowing water to freely flow in and out of a cell. The cell must have equal
concentrations on either side of the membrane to allow it to function, therefore water will pass in and out of the cell to equalize the concentration of
ions of both sides. Solutions of different concentrations will pass water from the side with lower concentration to the side with higher concentration,
thus changing the cell's shape. A cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution (solution concentration that is lower than cell's

Determining the Water Potential of Potato Cells
EXERCISE 1C: Determining the Water Potential of Potato Cells
Introduction: Water potential was defined above as an expression of the tendency of water to diffuse from one region to another. Water potential is a
numerical value that must be determined for a given temperature and pressure. In this exercise you will determine the water potential of potato cells at
room temperature and ambient pressure by placing cores of potato tissue in sucrose solutions of different concentrations and measuring the net
movement of water in each case. In animal cells, movement of H2O into and out of a cell is influenced by the relative concentration of solute on either
side of the cell membrane. If water moves out of the cell, the cell will shrink or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We will assume, for purposes of explanation, that the solute is not diffusing (Figure 1 .2a). The movement of water into the cell causes the cell to
swell, and the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall to produce an increase in pressure (turgor).
Figure 1.2a
Before
Pure Water
(p= 0;((= 0; ( = 0
(p= 0;((= –3; ( = –3
Figure 1.2b
After
Pure Water
(p= 0; ((= 0; ( = 0
(p= +3; ((= –3; ( = 0

As water continues to diffuse into the cell, the rising positive turgor pressure begins to cancel out the negative osmotic potential of the cell. This
process will continue until the positive turgor pressure is so large it completely cancels the negative osmotic potential, and the water potential of the
cell = 0 = ( of pure water. At this point, a dynamic equilibrium is reached, and net water movement will cease (Figure 1.2b). Now imagine starting
over with a fresh piece of potato in a beaker of distilled water. The potato has a water potential of –2.3 bars, as in the above example. If you add solute
to the water outside the potato cells, the water potential of the solution surrounding the cells will decrease. It is possible to add just enough solute to
the water so that the water potential outside the cell is the same as the water

Food Fuel Lab Report : Food Burning Lab
Sam Caplan
Food Burning Lab Report
Introduction:
In the first experiment of the year, the food burning lab, the class explored how much energy is contained in different types of food. In order to
understand the experiment, one must understand what energy is and the different types of energy that were explored in the experiment. Energy is the
ability to get work done. There are many different types of energy that can help accomplish this. These include heat energy, kinetic energy, light energy,
sound energy, and electric energy. In addition, there is another type of energy called potential, or stored energy.
Potential energy, which is the focus of the food burning experiment, is the energy that is stored in every object. There are three different types of
potential energy: gravitational, elastic, and chemical. Potential energy can be transferred into the other types of energy, the reason why it's called
potential. An important fact to know about energy is that it can never be destroyed, only recycled and re–used. With chemical potential energy, a
conversion to a different type of energy requires a chemical reaction. This means that in order to release the potential energy, a reaction is required to
create or break chemical bonds. In the class' experiment, the class took different types of food and attempted to find out out how much potential energy
is stored in their bonds.
The class came up with a plan for the lab. The group decided to measure the amount of the amount of

Why Do Objects Have Potential Energy?
All objects have energy because of their position, or where they are. When you hold a rubber ball above your head, it has potential energy, or saved
energy. When you drop the ball, it falls to the ground because of gravity, and then it bounces back up. The potential energy in the ball turns into kinetic
energy, or the energy of movement, when the ball falls and bounces.
Potential energy is stored, or saved, energy. Your bike at the top of a big hill and a spring that's stretched both have potential energy. When something
uses its saved energy, like when you ride your bike down the hill, the potential energy turns into kinetic energy.
The amount of potential energy an object has depends on how much work was needed to put it in its place. If

Homeostasis Essay
Homeostasis Homeostasis is defined as the maintenance of a constant internal environment. This is very important for organisms because:
Г‚В· Chemical reactions can take place at predictable rates.
Г‚В· Mechanisms are more efficient as optimum conditions can be maintained for enzymes, etc.
Г‚В· Organisms can acquire a degree of independence from the environment. They need not be limited to one geological location where the conditions
fit their needs, but can spread out. Their activity is also not restricted to a certain time, season, etc.
Principles of Homeostasis:
All homeostasis mechanisms follow approximately the same steps. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fat Metabolism:
* Lipids entering the liver may either be broken down or modified for transport to storage areas elsewhere in the body.
* Excess cholesterol in the blood is excreted into the bile by the liver, which conversely can synthesize cholesterol when that absorbed by the intestines
is inadequate for the body's need.
Breakdown of Erythrocytes:
* The liver breaks down red blood cells at the end of their 120–day life span.
* The Kupffer cells lining the sinusoids carry out this breakdown, producing the bile pigment bilirubin which is excreted in the bile.
* Iron from red blood cells is either stored in the liver or used in the formation of new blood cells by the bone marrow.

Detoxification:
* The liver renders harmless or removes toxic materials absorbed by the intestines.
* Kupffer cells ingest foreign organisms or material, while toxic chemicals (e.g. alcohol, nicotine) are made safe by chemical conversions within
hepatocytes.
Deamination of Amino Acids:
Г‚В· The liver breaks down any surplus amino acids because the body is unable to store them as such.
Г‚В· The amino group (–NH2) is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia (NH3).
Г‚В· The organic residue enters the Krebs cycle and

Osmosis and Water Potential
Osmosis and Water Potential
Year 11
Emary Venter
INTRODUCTION:
The cell is the basic unit of living things, and is made up of multiple organelles. Organelles are membrane bound subdivisions, each specialised for a
specific function. This experiment looks at the Plasma Membrane, which is a semipermeable layer surrounding the cell. It's primary job is to control
what goes in and out of the cell. Molecules can move across this membrane in either an active movement or a passive movement. Active being that
which requires energy and only occurs when molecules are required to move against the concentration gradient. The concentration gradient refers to the
difference in the amount of solutes in the solutions of two adjacent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The solutions of 2% and 10% both reached dynamic equilibrium as neither had lost nor gained water during the experiment, This indicates that the
results may have been inconclusive because two, widely various solutions could not have both reached dynamic equilibrium with the potato cell. This
leads to the idea that there were a few errors made while performing this experiment, which most likely had an effect on the results, causing them to be
non–reliable. Firstly, the test tubes had not been properly cleaned before the experiment took place. This caused a strange smell and a colouration of
the potato tuber, it may also have increased or decreased the osmotic potential, though this cannot be known as it is not known what chemical residue
may have been left in the test tubes. Secondly, the potato cells had been left in for three days instead of the recommended 24hrs. This mistake may
have caused the soft, sogginess of the potato which rendered it difficult to pat dry and handle. During this part of the experiment, pieces of the cells
were broken and lost down drains or stuck to the paper towel, as well as many still containing much excess water. Because of this, the weights
measured could be inaccurate and therefor unreliable. Based on the data found by Clemson University Student Robert.

A Key Component Of Our Energy Needs
A Key Component to our Energy Needs
Introduction
Renewable energy is without a doubt the solution to the worlds energy needs. As time progress as does the technology avaiablible to us. With this
advancing technology we have seen some major strides made in the area of renewable energy. As you are most likely aware the mainrenewable energy
sources are Wind, Solar, and Hydroelectricity. With the rising awareness of the affects fossil fuels has on our environment the time to act is now. All
forms of energy have their advantages and dis–advantages, however this field is constantly advancing with the times and moving forward. The
purpose of this paper is to discuss hydroelectricity and how it works while also looking at the benefits as well as areas that need improvement.
Additionally discussed is the use of Solar–hydro power plants and its pro's and con's. Is hydroelectric power the best answer to the world's energy
needs, and are hybrid power plants a better option?
What is Hydroelectric Energy?
Hydroelectric energy is created by the kinetic energy of falling or running water to turn a turbine that produces useable electricity. The process is
somewhat simple, water from a dammed reservoir or a free flowing river is released at certain heights and as it falls it passes through turbines that in
turn capture the kinetic energy and is able turn an electrical generator. However interestingly enough, the sun is what creates this energy initially
through the evaporation process.

Practical assesment about biology: To determine the water...
OSMOSIS
Aim
To determine the water potential of potato tuber cells.
Background knowledge
Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially
permeable membrane. Osmosis is considered in terms of water potential and solute potential.
Water potential is a measure of the kinetic energy of water molecules. Here, water molecules are constantly moving in a random fashion. Some of them
collides with cell membrane, cell wall, creating a pressure on it known as water potential. The higher their kinetic energy the more they move and hits
the membrane, therefore higher the water potential. Water potential also depends on the number of molecules of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the solution surrounding a cell has the same solute concentration as the cell then water will pass equally between them. When a solution has the same
solute concentration as the cell then it is described as isotonic.
Starch is insoluble in water because it is formed when many monosaccharide condense together to form long chains. As it is long chain polymers
and complex carbohydrates, the bonds which hold them together are hard to be broken down by water. Therefore starch is insoluble in water.
Sucrose is soluble in water because it is a disaccharide sugar. These sugars are formed when two hexose sugar molecules react together by
condensation reaction. When water is added in this sugar, it is broken down into hexose sugar (small unit), as bonds holding the disaccharide sugar are
spitted up by water.
Preliminary Work
I did an experiment using sweet potato and sucrose solution. I measured the change in length and the change in mass of the sweet potato. The results

are shown below:
The table below shows the volume of water and sucrose solution used to make dilutions
Concentration
(M)Volume of sucrose (ml)Volume of water (ml)Total volume
(ml)
0 0100100
0.22080100
0.44060100
0.66040100
0.88020100
1.01000100
Length change
Concentration (M)Length at start (mm)Length at end (mm)Change in length(mm)Length change (%)
0303226.67
0.23029–1–3.33
0.4303000.00

Potential Lead Contamination From Drinking Water
Introduction
Course Overview
Potential lead contamination from drinking water presents a significant health risk. Recent examples of this lead contamination include Flint,
Michigan, a city that experienced a large increase in the number of people, especially children, who exhibited symptoms of lead poisoning. A March 9,
2016 article in the Washington Post reported data from the Environmental Protection Agency that indicated approximately 350 schools and day–care
centers across the US failed lead tests approximately 470 times between 2012 and 2015. Seven years ago, according to the Post, a study concluded that
hundreds of young children in Washington, DC, had potentially damaging amounts of lead in their blood due to contamination in the city's tap water.
The toxin can cause permanent developmental and behavioral issues.
A February 8, 2016, NY Times article reported that five months after Sebring, Ohio officials found unsafe lead levels, the City issued a warning for
pregnant women and children and shut down taps and fountains in schools.
In 2001, after Washington, D.C., changed how it disinfected drinking water, lead in tap water at thousands of homes spiked as much as 20 times the
federally–approved level. Residents did not find out for three years. When they did, officials ripped out lead water pipes feeding 17,600 homes – and
discovered three years later that many of the repairs had only prolonged the contamination.
The crisis in Flint, where as many as 8,000

Structure Of The Key Components And Overall Reaction...
Chart 1 describes the structure of the key components and overall reaction pathways of the present photocatalytic CO2 reduction based on a TiO2
hybrid system with an antenna and Re–based molecular catalyst; : the antenna, is
(E)–2–cyano–3–(5вЂІ–(5вЂі–(p–(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen–2вЂі–yl)thiophen–2вЂІ–yl)–acrylic acid (Dye);, molecular catalyst (ReP), is
fac–[Re(4,4'–bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)–2,2вЂІ–bipyridine)(CO)3Cl];, and the electron donor (ED), is
1,3–dimethyl–2–phenyl–1,3–dihydrobenzimidazole. These compounds were prepared according to the literature methods.33,36––38 The hybrid
catalyst was prepared by sequentially anchoring the Dye dye and ReP on TiO2 semiconductor (Hombikat) sequentially. Successful anchoring of the
components was confirmed by the absorbance comparison before and after each adsorption step of catalyst (Figures S2 and S3). In each adsorption
step, the solution layer separated by centrifugation of the treated suspension was nearly transparent. The hybrid particles were dispersed in
N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF) containing ED (0.1 M) in the absence or presence of H2O (3 vol%, 10 vol%, and 20 vol%), saturated with CO2 and
then irradiated at >400 nm using an LED lamp (60 W, Cree Inc.). Chart 1 Schematic representation of heterogeneous ternary photocatalytic system for
CO production: electron donor (ED), sensitizer (Dye), and reduction catalyst (ReP). 3.2. External factors: energy level control of TiO2 semiconductor
by hydration and additives –

Kinetic Energy Research Paper
Energy is what we need to accomplish physical actions such as walking, lifting a glass, heating water, or powering a TV (nmsea). You use energy for
everything. Energy can always be conserved; you cannot create nor destroy energy. Something you can do with energy is you can transfer energy
between objects (livescience). Energy can come in different forms. The two most common different forms are potential and kinetic energy. Kinetic
energy is the energy of motion, some examples of that include downhill motion of a roller coaster cart, rolling a bowling ball, and the motion of a
bike. Kinetic energy has two other types of kinetic energy, thermal/heat energy and sound waves. Thermal and heat energy is energy that comes from
heat when particles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They base it up, of the measurement of heat, which could be generated (exothermic), consumed (endothermic), or simply dissipate (science). The two
basic types of Calorimetry are measurements based on constant pressure and then measurements based on constant volume. They have made a bomb
Calorimetry. A calorimeter is the object measuring the heat transferred to or from an object (physics classroom). They have made a bomb
Calorimetry; they mainly use them in the bigger labs. It has nothing to do with a bomb, the mainly fill the chamber with oxygen gas and the fuel. A
wire is put in the system to electrically ignite the contents to perform the study. A jacket of water and a thermometer surrounds the reaction chamber,
the heat released the chamber warms the water, letting the people doing the lab determine the energy that is being released (physics classroom).
Another type of calorimeter is the coffee cup calorimeter. They take a Styrofoam cup with a lid. The cup is half way filled with water and a
thermometer through the lid. When the reaction occurs in the cup, the heat will be absorbed but the water. The temperature will start to warm up (about).
That is some history about Calorimetry, concept of energy, laws of thermodynamics, and types of

Water Potential Essay
The western part of the country has exhibited the criteria that has warranted water relocation efforts. For a time, the water diversion efforts worked to
serve the communities around it appropriately. However, as the withdrawal of water has exceeded the supply and as climate change has contributed to
decreasing water supply, there are serious threats to the future of available water in the western United States. One proposed solution involves diverting
water from the Great Lakes in Michigan to the southwest. The location of the Great Lakes, positioned between the United States and Canada, leads to
international considerations and a controversial problems regarding international law. The lakes serve as a water source to both the Americans... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, there is a high demand for water. At present, Pennsylvania does not face the water shortages that warrant water relocation, however, if surface
and groundwater withdrawals increase it could push Pennsylvania closer to considering installing more hydrological alterations and exacerbate the
problems that currently face the nation as a whole.
There is a clear demand for water in locations that do not naturally have an adequate supply. Water diversion projects serve their purpose in providing
water for individual consumers as well as for irrigation and industry. However, as illustrated in this paper, there are severe consequences that arise when
disrupting the natural flow of water the ecosystem around it. To mitigate some of the consequences national geographic has suggested restricting the
construction of dams, providing incentives for farming business to reduce the use of pesticides, establishing protected wetlands areas, and regulating
water withdrawal for human use (Freshwater Threats, 2016). It is important that the solutions to reduce the negative effects of hydrological alterations
are aimed at various areas. Efforts should be aimed at reducing the demand for water by increasing efficiency in industry and irrigation as well as
increasing the efficiency of water delivery. Efforts should be aimed at the careful planning, engineering, and construction of the hydrological alterations
with special attention

Physics Reflection
On my physics unit test I got 25/37. I understood most part of this unit but there were some ups and downs on the way with some concepts and
homework. I felt like I could have done better if I understood how the energy contributes to the weather system and the pyramid, also how to calculate
for different types of questions. For example, speed or converting potential energy to kinetic energy or kinetic to potential energy.
Questions:
1. for the first question, I understood everything and how to do it because it was one of the first things we learned in physics. Finding potential
energy is not that difficult until you go more in depth with it. I did find it hard at first when learning about it, but after asking for help, it did get
easier. To find potential energy you have to do P.E = m (mass) x g (acceleration of gravity [9.8m/s2]) x h (height). Then you just fill in the formula and
solve for potential energy.
2. These questions were not that hard at first because I thought we were just solving for kinetic energy. But when I saw the km/h and had no idea
what to do with it because I never remembered working with it in the past. So I randomly multiplied the 30km/h in my head without showing the
work because I was so lost and was running out of time. But I do understand now why we did not do anything with the 30km/h. We did not do
anything with the 30km/h because it was just a reference point for us. And to figure out kinetic energy, you cannot add the speed at

Calorimeter Lab
In this lab we designed a calorimeter in which we we're to find the percent of energy captured in the water by combusting the chip. To do this we
placed the calorimeter over top of the water and combusted the chip underneath. Laws of Conservation of Energy states that energy is the ability to do
work, or the ability to move or elicits change in matter. Energy is always conserved, and it cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed. Kinetic
and potential energy are just two out of seven different types of energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of mass in motion; the kinetic energy of an object
is the energy it has due to its motion or movement. Kinetic energy can be stored it can also be transferred from one body to another in a collision. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. The dual nature of EM radiation is where it can behave
as a wave and also as a particle. Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter when a photon of the light energy is absorbed by the electron in an
atom then emitted out of the atom producing colored light the eye can see.
Calorimetry is the science associated with determining the changes in energy of a system by measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings. The
assumption behind the science of calorimetry is that the energy gained or lost by the water is equal to the energy lost or gained by the object under
study. The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. Differential scanning calorimeters,
isothermal microcalorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are some of the different types of calometers.
Human Error because when measuring the 80 mL of water there's a possibility we could have measured incorrectly. Blunder because when creating our
Calorimeters we could have designed it incorrectly or not to the best of its ability resulting in not getting accurate or perfect

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"Baxter initiated a voluntary nationwide recall of one lot of IV solution due to the potential for leaking containers, particulate matter and missing port
protectors". This recall was issued on July 17, 2015. Leaking containers, particulate matter and missing port protectors could result in contamination of
the solution. If not detected, this could lead to a bloodstream infection or other serious adverse health consequences. Injecting a product containing
particulate matter, in the absence of in–line filtration, may result in blockage of blood vessels, which can result in stroke, heart attack or damage to
other organs such as the kidney or liver (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2015).
Baxter 0.9% Sodium Chloride injection USP is intended

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