This document provides guidance on how to write an abstract that summarizes a research paper or other academic work. It explains that an abstract should cover the problem statement, aim/hypothesis, theoretical background, methods, results, and implications of the research in 3 sentences or less. The abstract allows readers to quickly understand what the work covers and decide if it is relevant to them. The document also provides examples of how to summarize each section typically included in an abstract.

1. José Gregorio Salas

2. *Also known as summaries, précis, and synopses
*An abstract implies how to summarize our work in
a clear, concise, and accurate manner for readers
what content a research paper, conference
presentation, book chapter, grant proposal, or
other formal document has.

3. *The abstract summarizes a research article or
other academic work so that readers can
*(1) quickly understand what information the work
covers and
*(2) decide whether the document is relevant for
them to continue reading.

4. *Problem statement
*Aim/hypothesis
*Theoretical background
*Methods
*Results
*Implications
*References

5. *Describe the problem your study addresses.
*This section states what the researcher considers is
a situation that does not match the standard.
*Examples:
“Pollution is causing problems to society.”
“Many countries have set new agrarian standards”

6. *Sometimes also called goal,objective, aim,
purpose
*This reflects the research intention.
*Clearly state what the researcher sets out to
achieve.
*Examples:
*“This study goal is to demonstrate the effect of
the law in the agrarian community.”
*“The aim of this research is to analyze the new act
and its effects in the global village”

7. *This section presents a brief summary of another
previous research support to the investigation.
*Example:
*Salas (2018) states that ELT in Primary school is
spread over the world.
*For that reason, the Ley de Tierras y Desarrollo
Agrario (2001) and its partial reforms of 2005 and
2010, confers the faculty and obligation to Agrarian
Judges for achievement of the integral rural
development of the Republic.
(http://www.saber.ula.ve/bitstream/handle/12345
6789/45425/REV%20DCHO%20AGRARIO%2042.pdf?se

8. *In this section, the writer specifies the kind of
research used in the investigation. This should
include information about the materials and
methods used
*Quantitative: He also indicates the population,
and sample.
*Qualitative. The author inbdicates what method is
used.

9. *Provide a summary of the most important findings.
For example, you might say “Compared with
samples A and B, sample C showed a significantly
higher rate of decomposition.” You should include
important negative results, especially those that
refute your hypothesis. Non-significant results are
typically omitted from abstracts unless they are
necessary to provide balance with the results
presented

10. *Conclusion/implications/originality/contributions:
Provide a concluding statement that summarizes the
main findings and places them in the larger context of
your field.

11. *This is the style used to inform about the other
authors works cited in the research.
*There are several styles:
*APA
*Chicago
*Harvard
*Vancouver
*MLA
*IEEE