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Compression stockings apply graduated pressure from the ankles up the legs to push blood back towards the heart. This compression reduces excess fluid leakage from capillaries into tissues, increasing absorption of fluid back into capillaries and lymphatic vessels to reduce and prevent swelling. Compression therapy also helps prevent blood clots by applying pressure on vein walls to help blood return to the heart and prevent dilation and pooling of veins.
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Peripheral Vascular Diseases
This document summarizes several peripheral vascular diseases:
1) Thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is an inflammation of the arteries and veins causing clots, often linked to cigarette smoking in males and causing leg pain and potential gangrene. Management focuses on stopping disease progression, pain relief, and wound care or amputation.
2) Raynaud's disease is vasospasm causing ischemia of fingers especially, related to serotonin and cold sensitivity, often in smokers and women. Management aims to dilate blood vessels, avoid cold, and stop smoking or use sympathectomy.
3) Varicose veins are incompetent valves in leg veins causing swelling, pain,
PVD
This document provides information on peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It defines PVD as a circulation disorder caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels outside the heart. Common risk factors include atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Symptoms vary depending on the type of PVD but may include leg pain, skin changes, and ulceration. Diagnostic tests include Doppler ultrasound, angiography, and measuring ankle-brachial index. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery, and sometimes amputation for severe cases. Nursing care focuses on wound prevention, exercise, smoking cessation education, and monitoring for complications.
VENOUS DISORDERS (thrombopheblitis)
THROMBOPHEBLITIS
Thrombopheblitis is an inflammation of the vein walls it usually occurs in an extremity, especially one of the legs, inflammation due to response to a blood clot in the vessel.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. It is caused by slow blood flow, lack of movement, or damage to the vein wall. Symptoms include leg pain, swelling, shortness of breath, and chest pain. DVT is treated with anticoagulant drugs to prevent blood clotting and sometimes surgery. Most people recover with treatment early on, but permanent vein damage can lead to varicose veins. Prevention methods include wearing compression stockings, not smoking, avoiding sitting for long periods, and taking blood thinners if prescribed. Estimates suggest DVT affects 300,000 to 600,000 people in the US each year and causes
DVT, PE and Stroke: What's the Difference?
DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. A PE is a blockage in a lung artery caused by a blood clot that traveled from a DVT. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot, interrupting blood flow.
Venous ulcer for MBBS
1) Venous ulcers are caused by venous insufficiency and often occur on the lower medial aspect of the leg.
2) Compression therapy is the standard treatment to reduce edema and enhance healing. Elastic compression stockings are recommended.
3) Debriding and dressing the wound along with treating underlying causes such as varicose veins or eczema also aids healing.
4) Surgery to remove incompetent veins may be considered if conservative measures fail to heal the ulcer. Lifelong compression is still needed after healing to prevent recurrence.
Arterial diseases
This document discusses arterial diseases, focusing on atherosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). It describes the anatomy of arteries and their layers. The main arterial diseases covered are atherosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, and conditions causing Raynaud's phenomenon. Atherosclerosis is defined as a degenerative process involving plaque buildup in arteries. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Thromboangiitis obliterans specifically affects small and medium arteries of smokers under age 45. It typically begins in the lower limbs and can cause intermittent claudication.
Varicose vein
Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins caused by faulty valves that allow blood to flow backwards. The great saphenous and small saphenous veins are commonly affected. Symptoms include heavy legs, aching, night cramps, and skin changes. Conservative treatments include compression stockings and elevation while surgical options are available for more severe cases.
Recommended
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
This document summarizes several peripheral vascular diseases:
1) Thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is an inflammation of the arteries and veins causing clots, often linked to cigarette smoking in males and causing leg pain and potential gangrene. Management focuses on stopping disease progression, pain relief, and wound care or amputation.
2) Raynaud's disease is vasospasm causing ischemia of fingers especially, related to serotonin and cold sensitivity, often in smokers and women. Management aims to dilate blood vessels, avoid cold, and stop smoking or use sympathectomy.
3) Varicose veins are incompetent valves in leg veins causing swelling, pain,
PVD
This document provides information on peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It defines PVD as a circulation disorder caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels outside the heart. Common risk factors include atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Symptoms vary depending on the type of PVD but may include leg pain, skin changes, and ulceration. Diagnostic tests include Doppler ultrasound, angiography, and measuring ankle-brachial index. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery, and sometimes amputation for severe cases. Nursing care focuses on wound prevention, exercise, smoking cessation education, and monitoring for complications.
VENOUS DISORDERS (thrombopheblitis)
THROMBOPHEBLITIS
Thrombopheblitis is an inflammation of the vein walls it usually occurs in an extremity, especially one of the legs, inflammation due to response to a blood clot in the vessel.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. It is caused by slow blood flow, lack of movement, or damage to the vein wall. Symptoms include leg pain, swelling, shortness of breath, and chest pain. DVT is treated with anticoagulant drugs to prevent blood clotting and sometimes surgery. Most people recover with treatment early on, but permanent vein damage can lead to varicose veins. Prevention methods include wearing compression stockings, not smoking, avoiding sitting for long periods, and taking blood thinners if prescribed. Estimates suggest DVT affects 300,000 to 600,000 people in the US each year and causes
DVT, PE and Stroke: What's the Difference?
DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. A PE is a blockage in a lung artery caused by a blood clot that traveled from a DVT. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot, interrupting blood flow.
Venous ulcer for MBBS
1) Venous ulcers are caused by venous insufficiency and often occur on the lower medial aspect of the leg.
2) Compression therapy is the standard treatment to reduce edema and enhance healing. Elastic compression stockings are recommended.
3) Debriding and dressing the wound along with treating underlying causes such as varicose veins or eczema also aids healing.
4) Surgery to remove incompetent veins may be considered if conservative measures fail to heal the ulcer. Lifelong compression is still needed after healing to prevent recurrence.
Arterial diseases
This document discusses arterial diseases, focusing on atherosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). It describes the anatomy of arteries and their layers. The main arterial diseases covered are atherosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, and conditions causing Raynaud's phenomenon. Atherosclerosis is defined as a degenerative process involving plaque buildup in arteries. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Thromboangiitis obliterans specifically affects small and medium arteries of smokers under age 45. It typically begins in the lower limbs and can cause intermittent claudication.
Varicose vein
Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins caused by faulty valves that allow blood to flow backwards. The great saphenous and small saphenous veins are commonly affected. Symptoms include heavy legs, aching, night cramps, and skin changes. Conservative treatments include compression stockings and elevation while surgical options are available for more severe cases.
Pressure of blood in the Body
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.
edema .pptx
Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces or cavities of the body. It can be generalized, affecting multiple organs, or localized to a specific area. Common types of localized edema include cerebral, pulmonary, and lymphedema. Edema is caused by factors that increase capillary pressure or reduce plasma oncotic pressure. It is assessed by measuring circumference, volume displacement, or patient report. Treatment involves diuretics, compression garments, elevation, exercise and manual lymphatic drainage to improve circulation and remove excess fluid from tissues.
15 hemodynamic disorders
This document discusses various hemodynamic disorders including edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, hemostasis, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, and shock. Edema is an excess of fluid in the interstitial spaces that can occur in response to injury or inflammation. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. Hyperemia is increased blood flow to an area, congestion is impaired outflow, and hemorrhage is blood escaping from vessels. Hemostasis is the body's natural response to stop bleeding through coagulation. Thrombosis and embolism involve blood clots forming and detaching within vessels. Infarction results from blocked blood flow causing tissue death. Shock is a
Prevent Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are generally caused by pressure in the vein that, over time, weakens the vessel walls. Learn about common causes and prevention tips of Varicose veins
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung.
Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs. This is called DVT.
However, PE sometimes can occur without any evidence of DVT.
Disease-of-blood-vessel.pptx
Vascular disease affects the blood vessels and can be caused by plaque buildup. Common types include thrombosis, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis, and stroke. Risk factors include high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Symptoms vary depending on the type of vascular disease but may include chest pain, leg pain, headaches, and vision problems. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medications to procedures like angioplasty, stents, and surgery depending on the underlying cause. Prompt treatment is important for stroke to reduce long-term disability.
Aneurysm
introduction,
definition
types
causes etc
Management
Routine ultrasound procedures. These procedures will monitor the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm every 6 months to 12 months as part of a "watchful waiting" approach for smaller aneurysms.
Controlling or modifying risk factors. Steps such as quitting smoking, controlling blood sugar if diabetic, losing weight if overweight or obese, and controlling dietary fat intake may help to control the progression of the aneurysm.
Medication. Medication can control factors such as hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood) and/or high blood pressure.
Surgery
Aneurysm open repair. An incision is made to directly visualize and repair the aneurysm. A cylinder-like tube called a graft may be used to repair the aneurysm. Grafts are made of various materials, such as Dacron The open repair is considered the surgical standard for an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). EVAR is a procedure that requires only small incisions in the groin along with the use of X-ray guidance and specially-designed instruments to repair the aneurysm. With the use of special endovascular instruments and X-ray images for guidance, a stent-graft is inserted via the femoral artery and advanced up into the aorta to the site of the aneurysm.
2
The stockings are offered in a number of compression levels, a few of which can be bought non-prescription while others need a prescription from your doctor. Compared to other treatment procedures for varicose blood vessels, this strategy is far cheaper. Stockings for a compression course that needs a prescription usually cost under $100 per pair.
2
Veins contain valves to ensure blood flows toward the heart. If the valves fail, blood can pool in the veins, causing varicose veins. Varicose veins can cause itching and pain and look unattractive. There are non-surgical treatments available like compression stockings that put pressure on the veins to improve blood flow. Weight management and exercise are also important because excess weight increases blood pressure in the veins. More invasive procedures may be needed if non-surgical options provide no relief from symptoms.
peripheralvasculardiseases PVHD (1).pptx
This document discusses peripheral vascular diseases. It describes the layers of arteries and veins and how arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart while veins return deoxygenated blood. Peripheral vascular diseases result from reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Common causes include atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism, and hypertension. Symptoms of arterial and venous insufficiency are compared. Risk factors and specific conditions like arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans, Raynaud's phenomenon, and aneurysms are then outlined.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of conditions characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls. It is a general term that includes atherosclerosis, which is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques, consisting of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of arteries.
arteriosclerosis.pptx
Arteriosclerosis refers to diseases where the arterial wall thickens and loses elasticity. It is caused by long-term high blood pressure and causes arteries to harden over years. Risk factors include aging, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and inactivity. Arteriosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease, carotid or peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, chronic kidney disease, and issues with blood flow to limbs. Managing diseases like high blood pressure and cholesterol through diet, exercise, and medication can help prevent arteriosclerosis.
DISORDERS OF ARTERIES.pptx
This document discusses various blood vessel disorders including arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. It defines the anatomy and physiology of arteries and describes the causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for different vascular conditions affecting arteries like the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries. Special conditions like Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans, and aortic aneurysms are also explained.
Edema, congestion and hemorrage
Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium caused by an imbalance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures that pushes fluid into tissues. It can be caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability, or decreased plasma oncotic pressure due to low albumin. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause and improving drainage of fluid from tissues.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. It has an annual global incidence of 1.6 per 1000 people. Risk factors include recent travel involving immobility. Symptoms include leg pain, swelling, and redness, though only about 50% of people experience symptoms. Diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound imaging, and assessment of risk factors. Treatment focuses on anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism and complications like post-thrombotic syndrome. Prophylaxis through mechanical compression and pharmacological anticoagulants can reduce the risk of DVT.
Peripheral vascular diseases
This document discusses peripheral vascular diseases, including arteries, veins, and specific conditions like arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency. It covers the anatomy and layers of arteries and veins. Peripheral vascular diseases are characterized by reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Specific conditions discussed in detail include arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease), and Raynaud's phenomenon. Risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management approaches are described for each condition.
Blood vessels
The document describes the structure and function of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. It discusses the layers of the vessel walls (tunica intima, media, and adventitia), and how features like elastic fibers, smooth muscle cells, and valves aid in blood flow and pressure regulation. Key differences are that arteries have thick muscular walls to handle high pressure blood from the heart and maintain flow, while veins have thin walls and valves to prevent backflow of low pressure blood back to the heart. Capillaries are only one cell thick to enable maximum exchange of materials between blood and tissues. The document also covers atherosclerosis and its obstruction of blood flow.
Venous Disorders
Veins transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have three layers and are more distensible than arteries due to less muscle and connective tissue. One-way valves in the veins, especially in the legs, allow blood to flow against gravity back to the heart. Vein disorders include thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and varicose veins caused by altered blood flow and valve problems. Thrombophlebitis is vein inflammation from blood clots caused by stasis, vessel wall damage, and hypercoagulability. Risk factors include surgery, trauma, obesity, and oral contraceptives. Treatment involves anticoagulants, elevation, heat, and sometimes surgery to remove cl
Disorders of blood vessels.
Disorders of blood vessels include:
- Arteriosclerosis, which is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arteries restricting blood flow.
- Atherosclerosis, the thickening of arterial walls due to fat and white blood cell deposition.
- Aneurysms, abnormal artery dilations that can be fusiform, saccular, or dissecting.
- Embolisms, blood clots moving in circulation that become lodged in small vessels.
- Thrombi, blood clots that form and obstruct the vessel at the point of formation.
Section 4 assisting with wound care (1)
Wound care involves preventing infection and further injury. Common wounds include skin tears caused by friction or pressure, and circulatory ulcers caused by decreased blood flow. Dressings protect wounds, absorb drainage, and promote healing. Dressings are secured with tape, ties, or binders. Heat applications increase blood flow and promote healing, while cold applications reduce swelling and bleeding by constricting blood vessels. Both require careful use to avoid burns or impaired circulation.
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Similar to Slideshow for class
Pressure of blood in the Body
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.
edema .pptx
Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces or cavities of the body. It can be generalized, affecting multiple organs, or localized to a specific area. Common types of localized edema include cerebral, pulmonary, and lymphedema. Edema is caused by factors that increase capillary pressure or reduce plasma oncotic pressure. It is assessed by measuring circumference, volume displacement, or patient report. Treatment involves diuretics, compression garments, elevation, exercise and manual lymphatic drainage to improve circulation and remove excess fluid from tissues.
15 hemodynamic disorders
This document discusses various hemodynamic disorders including edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, hemostasis, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, and shock. Edema is an excess of fluid in the interstitial spaces that can occur in response to injury or inflammation. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. Hyperemia is increased blood flow to an area, congestion is impaired outflow, and hemorrhage is blood escaping from vessels. Hemostasis is the body's natural response to stop bleeding through coagulation. Thrombosis and embolism involve blood clots forming and detaching within vessels. Infarction results from blocked blood flow causing tissue death. Shock is a
Prevent Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are generally caused by pressure in the vein that, over time, weakens the vessel walls. Learn about common causes and prevention tips of Varicose veins
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung.
Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs. This is called DVT.
However, PE sometimes can occur without any evidence of DVT.
Disease-of-blood-vessel.pptx
Vascular disease affects the blood vessels and can be caused by plaque buildup. Common types include thrombosis, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis, and stroke. Risk factors include high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Symptoms vary depending on the type of vascular disease but may include chest pain, leg pain, headaches, and vision problems. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medications to procedures like angioplasty, stents, and surgery depending on the underlying cause. Prompt treatment is important for stroke to reduce long-term disability.
Aneurysm
introduction,
definition
types
causes etc
Management
Routine ultrasound procedures. These procedures will monitor the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm every 6 months to 12 months as part of a "watchful waiting" approach for smaller aneurysms.
Controlling or modifying risk factors. Steps such as quitting smoking, controlling blood sugar if diabetic, losing weight if overweight or obese, and controlling dietary fat intake may help to control the progression of the aneurysm.
Medication. Medication can control factors such as hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood) and/or high blood pressure.
Surgery
Aneurysm open repair. An incision is made to directly visualize and repair the aneurysm. A cylinder-like tube called a graft may be used to repair the aneurysm. Grafts are made of various materials, such as Dacron The open repair is considered the surgical standard for an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). EVAR is a procedure that requires only small incisions in the groin along with the use of X-ray guidance and specially-designed instruments to repair the aneurysm. With the use of special endovascular instruments and X-ray images for guidance, a stent-graft is inserted via the femoral artery and advanced up into the aorta to the site of the aneurysm.
2
The stockings are offered in a number of compression levels, a few of which can be bought non-prescription while others need a prescription from your doctor. Compared to other treatment procedures for varicose blood vessels, this strategy is far cheaper. Stockings for a compression course that needs a prescription usually cost under $100 per pair.
2
Veins contain valves to ensure blood flows toward the heart. If the valves fail, blood can pool in the veins, causing varicose veins. Varicose veins can cause itching and pain and look unattractive. There are non-surgical treatments available like compression stockings that put pressure on the veins to improve blood flow. Weight management and exercise are also important because excess weight increases blood pressure in the veins. More invasive procedures may be needed if non-surgical options provide no relief from symptoms.
peripheralvasculardiseases PVHD (1).pptx
This document discusses peripheral vascular diseases. It describes the layers of arteries and veins and how arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart while veins return deoxygenated blood. Peripheral vascular diseases result from reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Common causes include atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism, and hypertension. Symptoms of arterial and venous insufficiency are compared. Risk factors and specific conditions like arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans, Raynaud's phenomenon, and aneurysms are then outlined.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of conditions characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls. It is a general term that includes atherosclerosis, which is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques, consisting of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of arteries.
arteriosclerosis.pptx
Arteriosclerosis refers to diseases where the arterial wall thickens and loses elasticity. It is caused by long-term high blood pressure and causes arteries to harden over years. Risk factors include aging, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and inactivity. Arteriosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease, carotid or peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, chronic kidney disease, and issues with blood flow to limbs. Managing diseases like high blood pressure and cholesterol through diet, exercise, and medication can help prevent arteriosclerosis.
DISORDERS OF ARTERIES.pptx
This document discusses various blood vessel disorders including arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. It defines the anatomy and physiology of arteries and describes the causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for different vascular conditions affecting arteries like the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries. Special conditions like Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans, and aortic aneurysms are also explained.
Edema, congestion and hemorrage
Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium caused by an imbalance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures that pushes fluid into tissues. It can be caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability, or decreased plasma oncotic pressure due to low albumin. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause and improving drainage of fluid from tissues.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. It has an annual global incidence of 1.6 per 1000 people. Risk factors include recent travel involving immobility. Symptoms include leg pain, swelling, and redness, though only about 50% of people experience symptoms. Diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound imaging, and assessment of risk factors. Treatment focuses on anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism and complications like post-thrombotic syndrome. Prophylaxis through mechanical compression and pharmacological anticoagulants can reduce the risk of DVT.
Peripheral vascular diseases
This document discusses peripheral vascular diseases, including arteries, veins, and specific conditions like arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency. It covers the anatomy and layers of arteries and veins. Peripheral vascular diseases are characterized by reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Specific conditions discussed in detail include arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease), and Raynaud's phenomenon. Risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management approaches are described for each condition.
Blood vessels
The document describes the structure and function of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. It discusses the layers of the vessel walls (tunica intima, media, and adventitia), and how features like elastic fibers, smooth muscle cells, and valves aid in blood flow and pressure regulation. Key differences are that arteries have thick muscular walls to handle high pressure blood from the heart and maintain flow, while veins have thin walls and valves to prevent backflow of low pressure blood back to the heart. Capillaries are only one cell thick to enable maximum exchange of materials between blood and tissues. The document also covers atherosclerosis and its obstruction of blood flow.
Venous Disorders
Veins transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have three layers and are more distensible than arteries due to less muscle and connective tissue. One-way valves in the veins, especially in the legs, allow blood to flow against gravity back to the heart. Vein disorders include thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and varicose veins caused by altered blood flow and valve problems. Thrombophlebitis is vein inflammation from blood clots caused by stasis, vessel wall damage, and hypercoagulability. Risk factors include surgery, trauma, obesity, and oral contraceptives. Treatment involves anticoagulants, elevation, heat, and sometimes surgery to remove cl
Disorders of blood vessels.
Disorders of blood vessels include:
- Arteriosclerosis, which is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arteries restricting blood flow.
- Atherosclerosis, the thickening of arterial walls due to fat and white blood cell deposition.
- Aneurysms, abnormal artery dilations that can be fusiform, saccular, or dissecting.
- Embolisms, blood clots moving in circulation that become lodged in small vessels.
- Thrombi, blood clots that form and obstruct the vessel at the point of formation.
Section 4 assisting with wound care (1)
Wound care involves preventing infection and further injury. Common wounds include skin tears caused by friction or pressure, and circulatory ulcers caused by decreased blood flow. Dressings protect wounds, absorb drainage, and promote healing. Dressings are secured with tape, ties, or binders. Heat applications increase blood flow and promote healing, while cold applications reduce swelling and bleeding by constricting blood vessels. Both require careful use to avoid burns or impaired circulation.
Similar to Slideshow for class (20)
Slideshow for class
- 1. Compression Therapy By: kim ives
- 2. What is Compression Therapy? Gradient compression stockings has the highest compression at the ankles and the degree of squeezing or compression, gradually decreases up the leg pushing blood back towards the heart. Compression is expressed in mmHg (millimeters of mercury)
- 3. Compression for edema Compression increases the pressure in the tissues beneath the skin reducing excess leakage of fluid from the capillaries and increasing absorption of tissue fluid by the capillaries and lymphatic vessels, therefore it reduces and helps prevent swelling.
- 4. Compression for Treatment and Prevention of Thrombus ● Blood clots can form when vein valves become incompetent, and no longer push blood up to the heart, but rather the blood pools back down towards the feet, which generally forms varicose veins and risk of thrombus. ● Compression stockings apply graduated pressure to vein walls helping blood return to the heart, and preventing dilation of veins and venous stasis.
- 5. Compression Styles and Options