3. What is Air Traffic Control..?
⚫Air trafficcontrol (ATC) is a service provided byground
based Controllers who direct the Aircraft on the ground
and through controlled Air Space and can provide
advisory Services toaircraft in non-controlled Air Space.
⚫To prevent collisions ATC enforces Traffic Separation
Rules, which Ensure each aircraft Maintainsa Minimum
amountof Emptyspace around itall times.
4. Extended Services
⚫In many Countries, ATC provides services toall private ,
militaryand commercial aircraft operating within it’s Air
space.
⚫Many Aircraftsalso have Collision avoidance systems ,
which provideadditional safety bywarning pilots when
other aircrafts gets close.
⚫The Pilot in Command is the final Authority for the Safe
operationof Aircraftand in an emergency he may Deviate
from ATC instructions to maintain Safe operation of
Aircraft.
5. History
⚫In 1921, Croydon Airport, London was the first airport
in theworld to introduce AirTraffic Control.
⚫The first ATC towerregulating all activitiesof aircraft
ata specific airport , opened in Cleveland in 1930
⚫Approach/departure control facilities were created
afteradoptionof RADAR in the 1950s to monitorand
control the busyairspace around largerairports.
6. Operations Linked with ATC
⚫AirportControl
⚫GroundControl
⚫Local Control / Air Control
⚫ApproachandTerminal
Control
7. Airport Control
⚫Air Traffic Controllers are responsible for the separation
and efficient movement of aircraft , and also vehicles
operating on the taxiwaysand runways of theairport itself,
and aircraft in theair near theairport, generally 5 to
10 nautical miles (9 to 18 km) depending on theairport
procedures.
⚫Controllers may use a radar system called Secondary
surveillance RADAR forairborne traffic approaching and
departing.
9. GroundControl
⚫Ground control (sometimes known as ground
movement control) is responsible for the airport
"movement" areas, as well as areas not released to the
airlines orotherusers.
⚫This generally includesall taxiways, inactive runways,
Holding Areas, and some transitional aprons or
intersectionswhereaircraftarrive, having vacated the
runwayordeparturegate.
11. Local control/ Aircontrol..
⚫If local control detects any unsafecondition, a landing
aircraft may be told to “Go-Around" and be re-sequenced
into the landing pattern by the approach or terminal area
controller.
⚫Ground control must requestand gain approval from local
control to cross any active runway with any aircraft or
vehicle.
12. Approach & Terminal Control
⚫Terminal controllersare responsible forproviding all
ATC services within theirairspace
⚫Traffic flow is broadlydivided intodepartures, arrivals,
and Over -flights
⚫Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that
aircraft are atan appropriatealtitudewhen theyare
handed off, and thataircraftarriveata suitable rate for
landing.
14. RADAR coverage
⚫Long Range Radars are used and are Capable Enough at
higher altitudes, to see aircraft within 200 nautical miles
(370 km) of the radar antenna.
⚫A Radar Archive System (RAS) keeps an electronic record
of all radar information, preserving it for a few weeks.
⚫ When an aircraft has 'disappeared' from radar screens, a
controller can review the last radar returns from the aircraft
to determine its likely position.
24. Call Signs
⚫In order toensuresafe AirTraffic separation Call signs
are Used by AirTraffic Controllers
⚫Theseare permanentlyallocated by ICAO on request
usuallyto Scheduled Flights and some air forces for
Military Flights.
⚫They are written Call signs with 3-letter combination
like KLM, LH, SG followed by the flight number, like
AI 952 , SG 421 , 6E 879
25. ⚫These also use NATO Phonetic Alphabet in order to
avoid the Confusionwith Lettersand Flight Numbers
(i.e., ABC spoken Alpha-Bravo-Charlie ) Ex : for
C-GABC or the last 3 numbers like 345 spoken as
TREE-FORE-FIFE for N12345
⚫For Example DLH23LG, spoken as Lufthansa -two-
three-lima-golf.
26. Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs)
& Air Traffic Service Providers ( ATSPs )
⚫ INDIA – AirportsAuthorityof India (AAI) (under
Ministryof Civil Aviation
⚫Malaysia – Departmentof Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCA)
⚫ Singapore – Civil Aviation Authorityof Singapore (CAAS)
⚫United Arab Emirates – General Civil Aviation Authority
(GCAA)
⚫United States– Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
27. ATC India Awards
⚫At the ATC Global Awards 2013, the Airports
Authority of India received 2 awards
For Excellence in ANSP Management (outside
Europeand North America)
Strategic Advancement in AirTransport through
AAI’scollaborative environmentproject.
28. AAI’s significant lead resulted in carbon savings to
the tune of 6,885 tons till February 28, 2013
leading to the much-needed environmental
protection has attracted world-wide acclaim.
Airports Authorityof India Won "3rd Asia's Best CSR
Practice Award", 2013 for Developing Sustainable
Strategies
