Regulating The Digital Communication Nationally

Regulating The Digital Communication Nationally
It is necessary to regulate the digital communication nationally. Copyright behaviour is one such
possible disadvantage to not doing so. FreeTV and the Advertising Standards Bureau both have
guidelines for the advertising of food and drink catered for children. These guidelines were put in
place in order to promote a healthy active lifestyle and not one of unhealthy consumption. Similarly,
suicide portrayal guidelines implement throughout commercial radio. This has expanded further to
regulate issues including the portrayal of women, indigenous people and cultural diversity. This
forms under the basis of which the media should not promote prejudice and intolerance of these
issues. Ultimately, the regulation aims to terminate potentially harmful images from the media,
protect adults from spontaneous material that is likely offensive against social values.
Minimal requirements are necessary for Australian content on digital media outlets such as
television or radio, so as to prohibit overseas content bypassing national identity. The Australian
Content Standard issue a quota of 55% to Australian content on television and filter curfew hours.
Radio channels equally have a minimum allowance of Australian music to be aired. It is believed
that the diversity of media is highly valued, and that nobody should monopolise the industry. Cross
media ownership laws state that there should be at least five independent media groups in
metropolitan markets (Feldmann, 2006). Likewise,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Pseudo-Events: The False Reality of Celebrities
Pseudo–Events: The False Reality The beginning of Lady Gaga's career, unbenowst to the majority,
dedicated itself soley for fame culture commentary. When Lady Gaga released her widely acclaimed
album "The Fame" in August 2008, she sold 12 million copies of an album based off of the whole
concept of being in a culture obsessed with becoming the celebrity as the ultimate validation of
living. The media, obsessed with Lady Gaga's whole concept, absorbed her presence in the spotlight
and made her into a massive worldwide star. She once told Rolling Stone, "I want people to walk
around delusional about how great they can be – and then to fight so hard for it every day that the lie
becomes the truth" (Lady Gaga). Her manipulation of the public ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, celebrities are ideal mediators for a capitalist consumer culture by representing ordinary
individuals with extraordinary fame. By humanizing commercial commodities, celebrities present
the comforting and familiar face of the corporal state (Hedges, 2009: 37). The association of a
product with a celebrity essentially promotes the product, similar to an advertisement. Initially, a
new product without any bit of credibility makes consumers wary. By merging celebrities that
consumers are likely to recognize with a product, consumers are more likely to purchase the product
due to familiarity. For example, if a new cereal brand were to be released to the grocery store,
shoppers would be suspicious of the safety of its consumption. Televising a short advertisment of
Lady Gaga eating that cereal brand humanizes the product and comforts the shopper to buy the
cereal. This economical use of celebrities may benefit the corporal business, but leaves into question
of the state of the celebrity as well as the consumer. Celebrities, or the 'human pseudo–event', act as
role models, or at least influential points of society, for the consumption of the public. Hedges states,
"Commodities and celebrity culture define what it means to belong, how we recognize our place in
society, and how we conduct our lives" (Hedges, 2009: 16). Ordinary people

Taking a Look at Wikileaks
Wikileaks, cofounded in 2006 by editor in chief Julian Assange, is a site designed to announce and
publicize sensitive information. The goal of Wikileaks is to provide protection for journalists,
citizens, and anyone who might need to be protected from the free based or sensitive information
they upload to the site. Wikileaks is protected by a network of software, anonymous postal drops,
and lawyers, operating on a policy of secrecy to keep all of its posters safe from possible reprisals.
I believe Wikileaks is in the right, as it allows its users to expose sensitive information and secrets
that citizens need to know about. Governments have been criticizing some of the content posted,
however, there is little legally that they can do. Wikileaks is essentially another branch or avenue of
the public press, and there is no "official secrets act" to stop information from being posted. There
are people doing pre–publication reviews of articles posted; people who have a vested interest in
ensuring the accuracy of the material.
In recent years, Wikileaks has acquired mixed public reception, receiving numerous awards and
appraisal, as well as harsh criticism. In 2008 and 2009, Wikileaks received the New Media Award,
and in 2010, it was listed as a website that could change the way the news works. It was praised as a
tool to empower citizens to voice their opinions and report the truth. However, the site received
criticism for defacing the value of a journalist. "Journalists

Morality Vs. Truth : The Dilemma Media Outlets Face
Vanessa Cuenco
Rhet 110–18
Prof. MacKenzie
Analysis/Evaluation/Synthesis
5 December 2014
Morality vs. Truth: The Dilemma Media Outlets Face We are surrounded by news. Because of the
amount of technology readily available at our fingertips, news is everywhere. It is no longer
predominately supplied to the public through newspapers or radios at scheduled times. Instead, news
is accessible nearly anywhere at any time. With just a click of a button, news can be accessed from
your phone, tablet, or laptop in no time at all. Through different news sites, or even on different
social medias, you can find local, national, and international news. Stories can range anywhere from
pop culture to more serious topics like tragedies. Some of those news stories create an ethical
dilemma, especially when they involve death. Though news stories and their images are meant to be
informational, their content can sometimes be unsettling for readers. The use of certain diction and
the connotation that word choice creates can offend some people while not even phasing others. The
two articles "Face to Face with Tragedy" and "Disturbing Media Images of Haiti Earthquake
Aftermath Tell Only Part of the Story" portray positive and negative views on a particular
international event covered by multiple news sources. Both articles explore how the media shares
information and the different ways readers interpret it. The authors suggest ethical dilemmas faced
by news media. When documenting

The Current Era Of Media
Introduction
In the current era of media is a step, a step towards innovation is very indispensable. It marks an
innovation in bringing human society to a new level, a civilized society, development. That is a
strong mark optimal development in all fields. This year is the 50th anniversary of Marshall
McLuhan published learn about media. A statement made by him that made many people to think
that "The medium is the message". McLuhan clearly support the notion that media increases the
desire and new purposes. (Dekay, Sam H, 2014, page 51–52)
He said that media is an extension of the human body, it represents the development so that we
understood that the development is needed now, in order to adapt to human needs the science and
technology. Thus, "the medium is the message" to emphasize that the use of communication tools
have profoundly. (McLuhan, 1964, page 7)
Body
Marshall McLuhan might say that as a leader in the innovation media open. We cannot understand
the meaning absolute accuracy statement "the medium is the message". But this statement as the
groundwork as well as promoting media. A Culture and develop long as we 're used to split and
divided everything as a means of control, it sometimes as a reminder theorem that, in the
implementation of and the economic activity, the medium is the message. It can be said that it is the
consequence of personal and social issues and media communication. Media help expand horizons
ourselves, communication was introduced and

The Importance Of Framing And Agenda Setting
The phenomenon of media covers a vast amount of space in terms of its definition as well as
whether it has a physical or contextual meaning. It is fundamental to understand the supremacy
media upholds, however; vital to recognize the ways in which it shapes our lives. Elegantly put,
media may not tell us what to think, but rather what to think about. What this means is that, we are
not necessarily conditioned to believe what the media wants us to think, but instead the ideas of
what is important are instilled to us. This now brings me to the point of media framing and agenda
setting. I will investigate the relevance of framing and agenda setting in the media by explaining the
approach the world's media outlets take when reporting information. I will also be breaking down
and criticizing examples of framing in news media. These concepts will be analyzed more in depth
as I rationalize the relevance of media framing and agenda setting.
To understand the relevance of agenda setting, one must first be aware of the power that news
organizations uphold. News outlets such as, CNN, The Huffington Post, The Wall Street Journal,
and The New York Times are only some of the worlds most giant media outlets which all share the
same objective; that being to deliver stories and up to date issues that correlate with the public
agenda. The public agenda is defined as, the areas of interest and general concern/views of citizens
in respective demographics. Although these media outlets intend

Essay about The Mass Media in Texas Politics
Chapter 5: Mass Media 1. The five critical areas that television media must satisfy when they decide
to run a story a. Significant impact on its audience (legislative proposal to raise taxes) b. Generates
interest (act of violence, natural disaster, political scandal, ban on guns) c. Familiarity (well –known
individuals/situations) d. Proximity (Close to home) e. Timeliness (Happening now)
*through this process media participates in the agenda setting and agenda building process
*some stories/phases of news coverage follow the "issue–attention cycle" 2. The court case that
established the ability to spend ones' own wealth seeking public office: Buckely v. Valeo 3. Dynamic
of horserace in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Goals: clarity, watchdog, provide public with information, expose issues.
"New" Age of Media Then: Magazines, newspaper, radio –Party pressers and penny pressers Now:
Internet, blogs, you tube, podcast –We are now "apart" of the process – "Arab spring," Egypt, Libya
– young people want what we have, to be able to speak about things: Facebook
Media: 4th branch of government * Sets the agenda * New period of campaigning: increased
technology, instant, expensive, negative campaigning, less information, bias, staged
*40% of campaign money goes to media
*they go negative because it works (not about difference in issues = superficial)
*less information = we are to blame, we want instant, to–the–point info
*media wants people to stay and will do whatever to make people watch–negativity
Media has changed * Before didn't report shenanigans/scandals * Today: investigation journalists
(Vietnam, Watergate, Pentagon Papers)
*Power of influence: LBJ and Cronkite–he was most trusted man in America and LBJ had to
convince him to be for the war b/c every night Americans looked to him for his opinion
Media for Profit * Must give news and must make profit * Salacious * Superficial * Sound bites:
little bites said and remembered by a politician– "I won't raise taxes" Bush, then

Media 's Impact On The Media
After researching the conclusion cannot be more clear that media no only creates uninformed voters
but also that viewers of media have a large roll to play in that very outcome. Unfortunately, the roll
of the media and its viewers are intertwined which means what one wants the other must deliver or
both sides suffer, which is the stand still we have come to with political news coverage in the media
today. The media has created Horse Race news coverage in order to make the election news more
entertaining but in doing so they have deleted all substance based information form the material
viewers watch, which is what viewers have started to mistrust the media system. Media must juggle
between making a profit and producing content that viewers will watch which many times are at
odds with each other. This balancing act the mass media performs as many side affects such as:
creating subpar programing, creating horse race political news coverage, advertisements boarding
the viewers, and creation of viewer mistrust. These issues have been researched and the
repercussions vast but most important in all of this is how these issues have effective votes during
election season. Jon K. Dalager's article talks about how candidates can now practically buy votes
through pumping the media full of campaign advertisements, newest version of propaganda, and
thus making voters believe/feel a certain way beneficial to them, mass media producers need this
funding in order to stay afloat and

Media Managing Research Paper Overview
Researchers often assume that a firm's media coverage is an exogenous result of actual news about
the firm. In this paper I show that firms actively manage the quantity of media coverage they
receive, increasing coverage of good news and decreasing coverage of bad news. Firms do this
media managing by including "media experts" on their board of directors. That is, coverage in the
news media is, in part, a choice that firms make. Here is an example that describes the expectations
of firms from media experts I consider in this paper:
In 1985, former Philip Morris chief executive Hamish Maxwell wrote the following in an internal
memo: "A number of media proprietors that I have spoken to are sympathetic to our position –
Rupert Murdoch ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asset pricing literature argues that information asymmetry of this sort should cause discount rates to
rise through liquidity channel (Kelly and Ljungqvist, 2009). I present evidence consistent with this
interpretation using a difference–in–difference design – firms with media experts suffer an increase
in cost of capital by 120 to 300 basis points per year that is attributed to liquidity beta. The finding
that board member induced managed media coverage reduces liquidity beta complements the
findings of other papers studying the liquidity impact of press coverage in other contexts (see
Bushee, Core, Guay, and Hamm,2010; Solomon, 2009; and Soltes, 2009).
If having media on board increases future press coverage, but dampens asset prices through the
liquidity channel, why would firms actively seek such board members? A simple cost/benefit
analysis suggests that firms should get something out of having such people on board. Media experts
may help hire better public/investor relation firms or consultants. In other words, such board
members may provide connections to media and related industries (e.g., advertising, public
relations). Given that advertising spending is also a big revenue item for media companies, firms
would benefit from media expertise on board through efficient allocation of advertising
expenditures. Consistent with this interpretation, I find reduction in cost of capital as measured by
reduced exposure to Fama and French's HML factor. Because

Dove's Beauty Campaign Essay
Hollis Hitchens Mr. Saye English 102 10 March 2011 The Dictionary defines the word Beauty as "A
beautiful person, especially a woman." Nowhere in that definition does it suggest the woman is a
size 0 with big breasts, flawless skin and high cheekbones. This is the message Dove is trying to
send by creating "Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty", to make women of all shapes, sizes, and color
feel beautiful everyday. However, shortly after Dove released their first campaign, media columnists
such as Richard Roeper and Lucio Guerrero were quick to reflect their "professional" opinions.
After reviewing Jennifer L. Pozner's article on Dove's "Real Beauty" Backlash and the naïve
comments these active media members have made, I found through ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If that makes me sound superficial, shallow and sexist...well yes, I'm a man." (Pozner, 215). Pozner
also focuses on Lucio Guerrero's comments such as "These disturbing and frightening women
should put some clothes on (please, really) because ads should be about the beautiful people. They
should include the unrealistic, the ideal or the unattainable look for which so many people strive.
Besides, the only time I want to see a thigh that big is in a bucket with crumbs on it." (Pozner, 216).
Not only was Dove's new campaign ridiculed for the voluptuous women they had focused their
attention on, they were also being targeted for health concerns. Pozner addresses Bill Zwecker, the
balding, paunchy, middle–aged anchor of CBS's local newscast in Chicago, weighed in on his CBS
blog, At the risk of sounding politically incorrect, In this day and age, when we are facing a huge
obesity problem in this country, we don't need to encourage anyone –– women OR men –– to think
it's okay to be out of shape." (Pozner, 216). Pozner believes this statement would be more believable
if the women on the billboard were unhealthily obese. However, the women in the advertisement
were actually smaller than the average sized American woman. In a case study by Olivia Falcione
and Laura Henderson, Dove collected data from 3,200 women from 10 different countries. "Only
two percent of women around the

The Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The...
This essay explores the different relationships between social media platforms and the government
to provide insight into the different ways the government uses media masses to further their agendas
and how its good business is used for political gain. This essay also discusses the different
ideologies and fallacies individuals have of the media's role in society. This essay wasn't written to
persuade one either way, but rather to bring the important relationship to light, so with better
understanding people can make wiser decisions as voters, consumers or investors.
Fo r Better, or For Worse: Politics, Government, and the Media.
Outline I. Introduction
a. Fallacies of the American People–Media
b. Private owned media
c. Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
II. The Media Role Society
a. Different Forms of Media
b. What Social Media Tells Us
III. Government and Media Relationships
a. Social Media –Political Gain
IV. Looking At The Evidence Pew Research Center
a. Survey discussion and findings–evidence
V. Campaigns and Social Media
a. Obama Campaign– Campaign Game Changer
b. New Media Challenge Initiatives– Connection to House of Republican Conference
VI. Government Interests
a. Social Media Agenda b. Social Media Political Issues– Facebook shuts down application due to
privacy –Obama Campaign.
c. Usefulness of Social Media Platforms– using social media platforms with users of a variety of
ages furthers political agenda.
For Better, or For Worse: Politics, Government and

What Has Mass Media Become Globalized?
To what extent has mass media become globalized? Discuss the implications of this using examples
to illustrate your answer. The mass media plays a fundamental role in amplifying globalization. A
platform has been created through ever–growing and rapid access to the internet. We can all access
the web with an internet connection making it ever easier for individuals to exchange cultures and
multiple flows of information worldwide. Traditional media intrinsically required negligible input
needed from audiences. Social media has progressively made it easier for audiences to access
information globally. With the increase of Web and decline in cost of appliances with web access
such as phones, ipads, notebooks, computers etc it has never been easier for individual to create
videos and blogs and make them viral to a worldwide audience within a matter of minutes, this
removed the need for traditional media producers. However audience generated media has its
drawbacks due to the lack of mass. We can all generate a message on the internet through different
means such as social networks or blogs but this utopian view is unrealistic as grounded media
outlets make it laborious for your message to have an impact. However this is not always the
situation and the few who do manage to get their opinions heard show us the true pulchritude of how
a single individual can create an international audience. 'Give me a place to stand and a lever long
enough, and I will move the world.

Media 's Portrayal Of Women
The media is everywhere; phones, televisions, magazines, so it is hard not to be exposed to some
type of media platform throughout the day. Among these forms of media are photos and videos of
woman idealized as the perfect woman. Magazines release photos of women whose looks are highly
unachievable and thought as as the ideal woman. An average woman exposed to these photos may
feel depresssed and may want to look like the model through unsafe dieting and other eating
disorders. The media has affected girls as young as six years old into changing their appearance to
look similar to those idealized in television and magazines. The mass media's portrayal of women
today sets standards of beauty that are highly unattainable and unrealistic, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This exposure to photos of the ideal body type lowers women's satisfaction with their own body and
appearance. These advertisements are everywhere you look: billboards, magazines, and television. It
is hard to avoid something that is all around you.
The desire to be thin has not only affected women over age twenty, but girls as young as six years
old have expressed desires to be thin and are unhappy with their appearance. President and CEO of
the National Eating Disorders Association, Lynn Grefe, says that the age of children suffering with
eating disorders have gotten younger and younger (Roberts). It has been reported that "forty to sixty
percent of six to twelve year olds worry about their weight, and seventy percent would like to slim
down" (Roberts). These young girls, who should be focused on having fun and being young, should
not feel the need to slim down or change their appearance to fill the standards of society. These
young girls who often express what they want to be when they grow up, see these models and have a
desire to be just like them. In our society, models and actresses are seen as role models to these
young girls. However, celebrities messages to young girls is not something children should be
viewing. When a young girl sees a photo of their favorite actress next to an article about losing
weight and new diets, they

The Problem of Media and Violence
Violence has become a serious problem in America. From Sandy Hook Elementary to the Aurora
Colorado shootings, terrorism has crept deeper into the culture. From 1982–1992 there were eight
incidences of terrorism. From 2002–2012 there have been seventeen (Geigner). The growth at which
these events are spreading is exponential. Modern terrorism did not begin until approximately the
1950s when it changed from guerrilla tactics used by a nation to the to the type common today, non–
state terrorism. These assailants fight for no flag, have no rules, and will do whatever they feel like
at any given moment (Zalman). The violence these radicals produce is cataclysmic. However,
instead of being distressed by this violence, citizens latch onto the offenders. They give the assailant
the fame and popularity that he or she desires. For example, within hours of Boston Bombings, the
faces of the two assassins were broadcasted everywhere in the media, and rightly so. The police
needed the help of the public to find and capture these criminals. But constant media coverage three
weeks after the event was unnecessary. Many say that sensationalist media, not gun control is the
reason for attacks of violence. Those who terrorize the nation are held up almost as heroes. Their
names are plastered on every news station around the world. Assailants will always find ways to kill
even with the extreme control of guns. But, without the publicity and the fame, psychopaths would
not need to kill innocent

The Media Industry Of Capturing A Mass Audience
The mass media system has weathered repeated significant change with the coming of increasingly
sophisticated technologies–from the penny press newspaper to mass marketed books and mass
circulated magazines, motion pictures, sound recordings, radio, television with the combination of
news and entertainment, moving images, and sound–all for free. Furthermore, the internet, World
Wide Web, and mobile technologies emerged causing all media industries to face overwhelming
alterations in how they are structured and do business, the nature of their content, and how they
interact with and respond to their audience. "Fifteen years ago the four major broadcast networks
commanded 61% of all television viewing. Today their share hovers around 30%. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Concentration of media ownership refers to the process where progressively fewer individuals or
organizations control increasing shares of the mass media, further impacting the consumers of media
because a lack of people in control of what is consumed every day leads to a lack of diversity in the
opinions consumers are forced to believe. Without a diversity of viewpoints, the public will not be
able to make up their own minds. This causes a loss of citizen access to information and the
downfall of political and social participation. In relation to the concentration of media ownership is
globalization, the process of multinational conglomerates performing the lion's share of media
acquisitions, potentially leading to a bias and misplaced priorities. The last of the forces is
hypercommercialism, the rise in the number of commercial minutes in a typical broadcast or cable
show used to recoup the costs involved in acquiring numerous media outlets, domestic and
international, and of reaching an increasingly fragmented audience; the selling of advertisements on
existing and new media and identifying additional ways to combine content and commercials are the
two most common strategies. This not only leads to consumers complaining that there are too many
digital ads, but also leads to the obvious overuse of product placement and brand entertainment,

The Influence Of Digital Media On The United States Army
The Influence of Digital Media on the United States Army Digital media has integrated itself into
nearly every facet of the modern United States Army. For many years, the Army has increased its
dependency on the use of digital media in day to day operations, training, communications, public
relations, and administrative tasks. Some people claim that we are too dependent on these
technologies for our own good. However, it has helped keep us the most powerful fighting force on
the face of the planet. This case study will look at five functional areas that digital media has
improved the Army: Administration, Training, Communication, Public Relations, and Warfighting
Capabilities. In each of these functional areas, we will explore how ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This meant the signed copy then had to be scanned back into the computer and then emailed or
uploaded into a database. Of course, the original paper copy still existed, so the Army had not met
the goal of being paperless yet. Finally, around 2012 the Army acquired the technology that included
the digital signature that would allow them to truly go paperless. The technology had existed for five
years, but the Army's slow procurement and distribution process was one of the many lessons
learned: in the digital age, the Army had to move faster and be more flexible to change. This
paperless platform would allow the Army to overhaul all administrative systems. The Publication
Directorate stopped printing paper copies of manuals and regulations, and posted the digital copies
to an online library, where changes could easily be updated. Evaluations could be completed online,
signed online, and submitted online. Leave forms and award recommendations could go from one
user to approver with the click of a button across the world if needed. And promotion boards no
longer needed to flip through endless reams of paper to select candidates–just click through digital
copies of a file for a potential promotion candidate. The Army is positioning itself for the future by
reducing the number of people it needs to do the administrative work of the past and train the future
administrators in computer applications for the future. A company 20 years ago traditionally had two

The Media Helps to Construct National Identity and Loyal...
The media helps to construct national identity and loyal national subjects. Discuss.
Introduction
In the twenty first century, the media has been transformed into a highly influential tool and
segmented to aspects such as print, broadcast, film, outdoor and internet etc. The relationship
between the media and construction of national identity is apparent with distinctive representation of
nationalism in news coverage of politics, celebrations, tourism and country heritage (Leong, 2001).
National identity is the transmission of each generation's legacy to the next and the enabling of the
nation citizen to take pride and identification of the country (Stephan, 2009). A nation positive
unique identity breeds patriotism which consequently ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As such the Singapore flag, pledge and anthem together with the National Day visual display of
patriotism and flags on the building are promoted daily in schools and annually on 9th of August
with much elaboration and significance.
Therefore, it can be seen that media in Singapore are essential tools to promote national identity
while supporting the ruling party political regime. Singapore then Prime Minister proposed that the
press should support national goals and he states that: "we want mass media to reinforce, not
undermine, the cultural values and social attitudes being inculcated in out school and universities"
(Lee, 1971). For that reason, most of Singapore media today is under control of the government or
government–linked corporations and are the principal instrument in creating social and political
stability as well as advocating government policies and instilling nationalism (Leong, 2001).
Also, the government uses Roger Protection Motivation theory (Severin & Tankard 1992, p.159) by
arousing fear to help influence the cognition, attitude and behaviors intention through the severity,
probability and efficacy of an event (Rogers, 1983). Fear appeal like self–censorship; out–of–bound
markers and hefty defamation suit are used extensively to control the media and prevent dissenting
criticism or anything that will deconstruct the nation identity and subject loyalty.
As such, lesser negativity on the nation will

Analysis of Article: “Influence of Mass Media on Body...
Mass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of
communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are
involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image.
"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in
Females" reveals the high correlation between media content and females' idea of beauty. Although
the article does not specify on their intended audience, the reader can infer the audience to be
adolescent females and important familiars to them, i.e. mothers and friends. Appealing to
individuals who have the most impact on an adolescent female may evoke guilt through the
pressures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They use cross–sectional studies, experimental studies, and longitudinal studies to strengthen their
credibility amongst the audience. Each study fulfills a different purpose to cross–reference the
correlations between television, images of thin beauty ideals, and "casual risk factors" to body
dissatisfaction amongst adolescents (390–401). This allows the research to focus on different
components of the media – television, magazines, billboards, radio etc. It is apparent that the authors
and sponsors believe the mass media to be the primary factor of recent increases involving a
female's concern on her body and eating disorders. For example, the article describes how the
fashion industry uses digital enhancement to obtain thinner sizes on their models. Thus, the norms
of beauty become nearly impossible to achieve. The sponsors of the article created a review that
considered both the nature and implications of media effects. More importantly, the article serves as
a guide in minimizing the negative affects the media places on adolescent females. While the article
contrasts the effects of television and magazines on female body dissatisfaction, it does not talk
about the psychological aspects of these effects. The audience can infer that a portion of adolescent
females acquire mental instabilities with years of body dissatisfaction.

The Interpretation Of Beauty Through Media
Tylerr Heron
Prof. Barr
27 October 2014 The Interpretation of Beauty through Media
Female teenagers often get caught up in the word beauty, piling their faces with lipstick and
foundation, attempting to squeeze into clothes that are too small for their bodies, while wearing
pounds of jewelry that will later turn their skin green. The reason being is, this is the image the
media displays. According to Beth Bell and Dittmar, the media sets unrealistic expectations of
beauty using female insecurities, simply for accumulation (2). The media has an effect on today's
teens because teens get caught up in what the media portrays to them, bringing about eating
disorders, as well as leading them into changing their appearance to fit in with what the media feel is
beautiful. Teens then lose thought of how they truly feel deep within which results in lowering their
self–esteem.
Smeesters et al. states, that a female's body image plays a major part in relationship to her self–
esteem (930). In another articles Polce–Lynch et al. says, self–esteem also acts as an essential role in
mental health (225). Media sends many messages to teens making them feel the need to change their
body appearance, causing a wide spread of low self–esteem. They drive girls to aim for the "perfect
body" by using unhealthy tactics (Bell, Beth, and Dittmar 2). Research shows because of
airbrushing, lighting effects, and different make–up approaches within mass media can lead to
unhappiness with appearance and

Essay on Personal Statement
We are the media and the media is us. That statement is very broad and is so for a good reason.
Through out the world and the history of our society, media has transformed, melted, bent, molded
and made our society and culture what it is today. But at the same time, our culture and society has
done the exact same thing to media. It is hard to realize or imagine a time without televisions,
telephones, fax machines, printers, computers, cell phones, pagers and other electronic technologies
that have made our lives, hopefully, stress–free. Those items were and are still being invented today
to make our lives easier and better, but are they really making life easier and better? Media plays a
big part in defining what society wants and gets. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course, this is an exaggeration and other countries should know better than to think that
Americans live like the Simpsons characters, but that is what media does to people that do not know
the society being depicted.
In addition to creating negative images of the United States, our media tarnishes the character of
specific Americans as well. Lets take old Bill Clinton for a test drive here. When he was suspected
of having an affair with a White House intern, our media zeroed in on him to find out if he did or did
not have an affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had analysts examine whether he should or should not
tell us he did, what would happen if he did, what would happen to the relationship between him and
his wife. Our media told us how to think about situation and, what should happen to him if he
answered their questions a certain way. Our media never let us think what we wanted to think.
Instead they gave the false impression that we did have total control of what way we thought, but in
each station they took a viewpoint and bombarded us with it. The effect was similar to brainwashing
us. Some stations did explore alternative perspectives, but most stations had only one view. Then
when our media asked for the peoples opinion, amazingly the publics opinions were the same as our
media's opinions. In away, our media imbeds the seed of what to think, and hope the public follows.
Well, I have demonstrated a couple ways that the media, specifically television, has

Media 's Impact On Media
In the subject of communication, culture and media, there have a range of perspectives that come
from audience studies. The approaches state that the audiences, sometime, as the spectators, will
make a particularly important impact on media, especially on new media. As following the
technological development of the world, we barely are able to ignore the aspect of media, it does not
matter that it is traditional media, or other optional the media like digital media, or even slightly
controversial media like new media, and certainly, another expression of media that come out,
whatever it is, the public will definitely choose one of them as vehicle so that they can make a
connection with the media, and then know anything whatever they want, namely media has been
becoming a range of natural way to affect every single one asking for some essential, obscured, or
even unconcerned information. In audience research, the audience researcher are about to call the
public audience. However, as what I have already mentioned before, all kinds of vehicle come out to
let individuals opt one of them, or maybe all of them in the world. Due to the different scenario of
media, not only the media audience, but also the type of media is completely different about what
we think of media as usual, as such the analysis of media that includes proposal, expression, and
commercial and so on has already changed as well. Thus, as we do live different world more than
we do in 30 years ago, we, which

Analysis Of The Attacks Of 9 / 11 And The Issue Of...
Analysis of PTSD in the Attacks of 9/11 and the Issue of "Survivor's Guilt" in the American Mass
media.
This media analysis will define the traumatic aftermath of the event through the psychological
problem of "survivor's guilt" and PTSD of the attacks of 9/11. Media reports often project the
trauma of the attacks of 9/11 through the personal experiences of "survivor guilt", which continually
effect the victims of the event. The original footage of the attacks of 9/11 shows the gruesome and
horrific of the destruction of the Twin Towers and the victims, yet over time, the survivors of these
attacks are continually neglected by the government in terms of psychological treatment and
healthcare assistance. However, certain media outlets expose this extremely neglectful treatment of
9/11 victims and the undercurrent of trauma that they continually experience on a daily basis. These
are the important aspects of media coverage that define the issue of the "forgotten victims" of 9/11
that illustrate the trauma and a lack of psychological care for these individuals. In essence, this
media study will define the traumatic aftermath of the event through the psychological problem of
"survivor's guilt" and PTSD of the attacks of 9/11. In the American mass media, the issue of 9/11
defines the trauma and suffering of the survivors of this event within a psychological context. On
September 11th, 2001, two airplanes crashed into the Twin Towers, which caused them to collapse
and to

Young People From An Ethnic And / Or Low Socio Economic...
Executive Summary
This report was commissioned to examine the overrepresentation of young people from an ethnic
and/or low socio–economic background in Victorian news media. It will draw attention to the fact
that 'much of the publicised concern over youth gangs is linked to the ethnic backgrounds of
particular groups of young people' (Perrone & White 2000, 1). It will look at the example of media
sensationalism, specifically in Victoria, and how young people are being represented in the news,
mostly around speculation. Furthermore, it will also comment on the lack of research on this issue
within Victoria, and how this has caused a negative stigma on the young population. A review of the
current literature will also be involved, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through an analysis of current literature on the topic, as well as examples of relevant news reports,
a conclusion will be made as to whether this is a existing problem and if so, how to potentially solve
it. Certain recommendations will be suggested in order to help bring this type of bigotry and
negative connotation to an end in the near future. It's important as this sort of ethnic and
socioeconomic bias can cause a rift within society, leading the public to abandon those who are most
vulnerable as a result of the blame being directed at them. While this is a problem that has been
around for a while, and will take some time to dissipate, it is still vitally imperative to the balance of
society, particularly that of Victoria. In addition, as there has been limited research on this subject, it
is important that awareness is brought forth in order to present the seriousness of the issue.
Research Issue/Research Problem
In different news media, there is often a focus on young people as perpetrators or at the centre of
criminal activities, particularly those who hang around in groups. However, through observation it
can be seen that those who come from ethnic and/or low socioeconomic backgrounds or
neighbourhoods are particularly targeted as a result of journalistic bias and popularised negative
stereotyping. For example, it has been seen in different reports that 'the media often focuses on

The Impact Of Media On The Media Industry
Over–all this documentary made me feel very defeated and overwhelmed. Possibly it is just my
mood tonight, but it is clear that a few really wealthy companies run the media in the United States.
There has been a decline in small ownership media companies similar to Independent Lens in recent
years. This decline correlates with the Telecommunication Act of 1996 that ended most ownership
restrictions (Campbell, Martin, & Fabos, 2014, p. 224). It was thought that this deregulation would
encourage competition in the media market place, instead it had the opposite effect and created large
media conglomerates.
Cooperation's like Time Warner, Disney, and individuals like Rupert Murdoc own multiple media
outlets making it very difficult for other smaller media outlets to afford to advertise enough to stay
in business. Rather than competing, many of these companies hold joint venture investments and it
is not in their best interest to compete with each other. Deregulations in the industry has allowed
these monopolies to become very powerful limiting the impact of the FCC (Rich Media, Poor
Democracy, n.d.).
The film points out that investigative Journalism has been in a steady decline since 1996. Now that
cooperation's own the news stations it is more about profits rather than true investigative reporting
that costs much more than the fluff reporting or getting your news off the wire. News reporters now
have to compete for ratings and advertisers to stay competitive. Cable

The Rise Of Networked Power
The rise of 'networked power' in the 20th Century information society can be understood to be
driven by communicative power. The shift in instructive to 'interactive communication', creates new
social and political communities and consequently requires new and dependable regulation. With the
convergence of varying media platforms there has been a consequent erosion of technical
boundaries, allowing power issues to arise such as how to regulate and to what extent.
Governments often regulate to prevent freedom of speech being abused and regulation occurs
through the exercise of power. Regulation occurs in three ways, either by the state, market or by
cultural norms and expectations. This is important as through this paper although regulation in
Australia is currently judiciary and through the state, there can be seen a consistent link between the
state and market that currently influence regulation.
Luke's acknowledges the need to 'identify the powerful in order to fix responsibility'. Currently in
Australia as a result of the tangled web of network switching power, responsibility for errors that
occur in the media can result in lack of blame and difficult to pinpoint who is at fault. Luke's'
expands on this stating moral responsibility for decisions made and political responsibility for
setting agenda are at conflict when determining power source. That is the government or market.
Castells construction of meaning is though communication networks that format and frame

Effects Of Mass Media On The Media
Effects of Mass Media
Pauline Rewis
HUM/186
October 19, 2015
Allyson Wells Effects of Mass Media In this day and age, most anyone can find out just about
anything, on any subject, at any time with just a few clicks of a button. The act of gathering
information used to be a much more tedious and physical endeavor. However, these days it can be
done with ease thanks to the enormous developments in mass media distribution over the last
century. The major mode of information distribution has went from mostly print to internet and
everything in between. The amount of people reached has grown dramatically from a few hundred
to millions in an instant.
Major Developments Mass production was one of the first major developments that led the charge to
the emergence of mass media. The ability to print thousands of copies in print made it possible to
reach a higher population in a shorter amount of time. This made keeping up with current events
much easier for the public. Another major development in the emergence of mass media was the
invention of television. Television brought about news programs, reality programs, and product
commercials along with many other types of informational programs. People did not even have to
step outside their door anymore in order to find out what was going on in the world. In today's
world, the majority of homes have at least one television set. People can catch up on current events,
find out

Visual Media 's Influence On Society
Allyson Lynn
Sarah Wilson
Writing 101
20 October 2015
Visual Media's Influence on Society
Information is easily accessible to Americans through the media. Americans can get this information
from print, audio, visual, and online. For eight to eighteen year olds, media in some form or fashion
normally takes up seven and a half hours of each day. Of those seven and a half hours, most is spent
in front of the television. Along with watching TV, video games and use of computers consume an
hour for each (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders). Even though there are many contributing
factors, visual mass media has a negative influence on American society.
The increasing amount of mass media have contributed to the growing rate of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Eating Disorders Association states that mass media are a leading source for the issue
concerning women being dissatisfied with their own body.
As stated by the National Eating Disorders Association, mass media's influence is greatly increasing.
With this issue in mind in 2004, Dove created their campaign for real beauty in the hopes of
reaching women struggling with body image issues. Dove's campaign began as a way to strike up a
discussion over the true definition of beauty. Since 2004, Dove's campaign has had many different
ways of achieving this goal to reach out to those struggling with beauty. These campaigns include
counterarguments on issues including aging, thin as beautiful. Dove even made a commercial which
showed women describing themselves to an artist, and then another individual coming in and
describing that same person to the artist. Later the women got to come back in and see the difference
in the drawings, which gave them an insight to how others view them and their true beauty. Dove
conducted a study in which the results were that only four percent of the women in the world
thought of themselves as beautiful. Their research also states that nine out of ten girls want to
change at least one thing about their physical appearance (Our Research). Since their campaign for
real beauty, Dove has set a movement for self–esteem. This

How Media Uses Different Methods Manipulate The Public And...
Public Opinion "Public opinion, an aggregate of the individual views, attitudes, and beliefs about a
particular topic, expressed by a significant proportion of a community." Encyclopaedia Britannica.
2015. Britannica. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/topic/public–opinion.
[Accessed 11 November 15] "The collective opinion of many people on some issue, problem, etc.,
especially as a guide to action, decision, or the like." Dictionary.com. 2015.
dictionary.reference.com. [ONLINE] Available at: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/public–
opinion. [Accessed 17 November 15]. When looking at the cultural, financial and ideological
aspects of our world today it is hard to dismiss the pressing influence that the media has. In this
essay I will be analysing how the media uses different methods to manipulate the public and the
influence it has on society and how it shapes public opinion, alongside public opinion in democracy
now. I will also be discussing theories in which people don't believe the media moulds the public's
opinions. The media industry is very essential but on the other hand the public opinion is
indispensable, without the public opinion there is no media. The media becomes an influential
determinant of public opinion, and sometimes it has the power to change public sentiments in terms
of controversial issues. Public opinion can be measured through polling a sample of the population,
using qualitative tools of measurement or surveillance. For

Essay on Media Influence on American Youth
Media Influence on American Youth The United States of America has endured many massacres
throughout the countries existents leaving scars in Americans hearts that will never cease to exist.
One of these scars was left on Americans during a massacre in Littleton, Colorado leaving fifteen
people dead including two shooters and twenty one injured. Many Americans wonder who and why
anyone would do such massacres, especially on their own country. Although social media, video
games, and television can be used for education and positive influence; it is often blamed for such
acts of violence including the shooting at Columbine. The issue concerning social media in
American and its effect on their youth are likely to be debated, but there is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Arguments concerning social media's affect on children often being with television. Experts on the
other side of the argument claim that television leaves a negative effect on children that leads to
obesity and violent behaviors. Manfred Spitzer writes "After 6 months, children in the intervention
school had a lower BMI and behaved less violently during break times..." (pg. 1388). Not only are
the effects written by Spitzer possible but experts also argue that children may become less sensitive
to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them and they
may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways towards others. The violence exposed
to children through media doesn't cease to exist with only television. Video games are often blamed
for violence crimes in children and youth as well. Craig A. Anderson, a psychologist along with
others concluded in a 2010 review of video game violence showed that "evidence strongly suggest
that exposure to violent video games is a causal risk factor for increased aggressive behavior,
aggressive cognition, and aggressive affect and for decreased empathy and prosocial behavior."
Lotte Bailyn, author of Mass Media and Children: A Study of Exposure Habits and Cognitive

The And New Zealand Media Essay
This essay will demonstrate how both American and New Zealand media outlets shape and filter all
their stories and decide what people see and think about, and how to think about certain stories; also
known as 'Agenda Setting'.
New Zealand and America interpret news completely differently, what is important in America may
have zero relevance to New Zealand media and vis versa. Agenda–setting is more obvious in the
New York times, they report on specific events to endorse and highlight events or issues in an
attempt persuade their audiences how to think and feel about the stories. Whereas New Zealand
news outlets have a less hidden agenda, trying to remain unbiased in their reporting and changing
the layout and topics on their homepage continuously. This essay will be supported through Severin
& Tankard's discussion of Media Framing in Effects of Mass Communication, and also in Jim
Macnamara's concept of agenda setting in Media Effects: A Review of 50 years of Research, and
lastly, M.E. McComb's theory of agenda setting in The Agenda–Setting function of Mass Media.
The New York times focused on current events of the Olympics and Donald Trump with the
presidential campaign, more serious and hard news. Whereas Stuff reported on human interest
stories and aimless national and international news. Example being in the NY times, the two long
main stories on both days are referring to the Olympics and Michael Phelps. But Stuff only
mentioned Phelps winning gold once with

The Impact Of Mass Communication On Our Society
Mass Communication is the study of how people receive information through what is known as
Mass Media to a large crowd of the population at the same time. Or they can also say that Mass
Communication is a process of which a person, group of people, or an organization send and receive
messages through a channel of communication to a large of unknown and heterogeneous people and
organizations. You can think of a large group of unknown and heterogeneous people as either the
general public. The sender of the message is usually a professional communicator that often
represents an organization.
{INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY} AS AN ADVANTAGE TO MASS
COMMMUNICATION: – In more than one way, ICT came to be a blessing to our society because it
facilitates complements and supplements the proceedings of Mass Communication. A few examples
that would be driving this point home.
FEEDBACK: –there are proceedings that the communication to the advancement which is
incomplete without a feedback and ICT facilities is in an important stage, both in the electronic and
in the print media. In broadcasting, ICT has put a bridge between the gulf and broadcasters and their
audience or a viewer as far as feedback is there. For example, mobile phones, made it easier for
many broadcast audience or viewers to help on air programs through the expression of opinion,
grievances, and commendations. These technologies also enlighten the audiences to send short text
messages to broadcast stations for

The Changing Role of the Us News Media Essay
The Changing Role of the U.S. News Media
The internet is our modern source for news media; the importance of the newspaper has not only
declined, it is in a sense, obsolete. We now turn to the internet for opinions, news, and
entertainment. Even though the way in which we consume information (PBS) has changed, the
importance of an unrestricted and watchful media has not changed. (Magleby, Light, & Nemacheck,
2010)
The Framers of our constitution were well aware of the importance of the press as a judge to discuss
the implications and review the actions of politicians and the government. Although the Bill of
Rights guaranteed the freedom of the press, in the beginning adequate funding was only provided by
wealthy politicians. The press was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the intention of producing "Yellow Journalism" was to sell more papers through
sensationalized headlines (PBS); In "Objective Journalism"; wire services, Associated Press, and
Reuters, sought to provide readers with unbiased news in order to attract more customers.
Journalism was introduced as a profession; Journalists formed professional associations and codes
of ethics, one example is the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ).
The impact of broadcasting was tremendous, instant coverage became a norm, people could follow
faraway events without traveling, and politicians could finally deliver their message to listeners
without interference. The nationalization of radio and television provided a more personalized view
of the news, where everyday people could grow attached to newscasters. News coverage greatly
expanded in the increments by which it was available to be watched. In the beginning the two
largest networks CBS and NBC had their evening news programs run from 15 to 30 minutes; today,
many local news stations run 90 minutes in the morning and half–hour in the morning and at noon.
Eventually round–the–clock news coverage was introduced by Cable television. C–SPAN began to
provide uninterrupted coverage of congressional deliberations and presidential nominating
conventions. The older a person is, the more time they spend

What 's Black, Then White, And Said All Over?
It is a well–known fact that technology and media outlets today play a major role in a person's life.
Generally, a person has access to the media through cellphones, computers, radios in a car and
television. It may be perceived by some, even within a technologically advanced society such as
America, that media has no effect upon enhancing cultural relationships, though many social
networks do indeed connect cultures. Media and technology give people access to various cultures
at an efficient and accelerated rate; thus making media an easy tool for making cultural connections.
In the article "What's Black, Then White, and Said All Over?", Leslie Savan explores how the media
and technology is used to spread black culture and how people use this culture in their daily lives.
"Whaazzzaahhh?! Was just what the nation apparently needed on the eve of a new millennium. The
sound instantly became an NBA refrain, a greeting on radio sports shows, the theme of an SNL
skit...(Savan 450)" This Budweiser commercial is a perfect example of how technology and media
can take a "black word" and put it into mainstream media. The commercial was centered around a
group of African American friends all on the phone having a conversation with each other and
drinking a Budweiser. Till this very day, Whaazzzaahhh is used and identified with black culture.
Another great example of how culture can be spread through media comes from the article "Visible
Man: Ethics in a World without Secrets". In

The Agenda Setting Model Can Guide The Public Opinion And...
Discussion Paper:
Literature Review:
The readings in this week is all about the agenda setting. The agenda setting model can guide the
public opinion and mass communication about some social or political issues. Different with media
effects model, the media effects more like to telling people how to think, however, the agenda
setting model is successful in telling people what to think about. In a general way, agenda setting
theory was constructed in the environment of traditional mass media, and the purpose is to study
traditional mass media.
About the visual agenda setting, the particular pictures, videos affect the influence of the media,
which means some pictures, videos can help the news or event spread or reproduce. Because
human's from a variety of sources, including the media, and the conventional, compelling and
repetitious imagery are the most memorable media images for most audience(Miller, Andrea&
Roberts, 2010). People remember certain images of one particular event is based on many factors,
such as the content of the picture, the size of the the picture and the visual effects of the picture. The
compelling imagery for the audience normally with some Frightening, disgusting or interesting
elements inside, and the news media report some bad events with a sadness and negative emotion, it
always affects the audience a lot. Because in psychology, all those elements in the news can makes
the audience unforgettable.
Critical Reflection:
Agenda setting is a classical

Cultural Studies On Race And Social Classes
In today 's society, culture is impacting our everyday life, experience and social relations; we are all
categorized by our cultural "groups", but this has changed rapidly throughout the years from one
generation to the next. Cultural studies were developed in the late 1950's, through the 1970's by the
British academic scholars. The British scholars were able engaged cultural analysis and the
developed then transformed of the different fields, for example, politically, theoretically and
empirically that are now represented around the world.
I will explain Marxist and Stuart Hall perspective of cultural studies theory the differences of
hegemony and ideology, and then describe how people are discriminated is based on race and social
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, of hegemony are African American and Hispanic is lazy, tall African American men
play basketball and Asians are all smart. The term ideology refers to a system of ideas, cultural,
religious beliefs that sway society over they have and have not's. We come in contact every day with
cultural diversity in the workplace, schools and need to learn to not offend another person based on
their cultural group. Most people assume how a person is based on their appearances and their race.
In today 's society, "people are closed minded," and do not take the opportunity getting to know the
other person because of stereotyping and racism. Even though we all have different opinions toward
other cultures, norms, beliefs and values we should all respect each other differences. We should
consider learning from one another and not judge a person based on their race, ethnicity, gender and
religion. As a society, it is very important; we educated ourselves in other cultures, even though we
all have different values and beliefs.
Cultural studies are influenced by the "Marxist interpretation of society," but according to, "Stuart
Hall believed that mass media has highlighted those people that are already in positions of power"
and the media has exploited the poor keeping them powerless. "Hall says that he describes mass
media as the dominance that maintain

Blackmore's Five Forece Analys
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1356–
3289.htm
CCIJ 13,4
When an icon stumbles: the Ribena issue mismanaged
Tony Jaques
RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Abstract
Purpose – When two 14–year–old New Zealand schoolgirls challenged the advertising claims of
Ribena blackcurrant drink – owned by global giant GlaxoSmithKline – they triggered a sequence of
events which led to prosecution, public opprobrium and international damage to an iconic brand.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the case and identify lessons for future management practice.
Design/methodology/approach – Some of the fundamental principles of issue management, post–
crisis discourse and corporate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
13 No. 4, 2008 pp. 394–406 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1356–3289 DOI
10.1108/13563280810914829
Introduction: Ribena blackcurrant drink was launched in Britain in the 1930s and won lasting fame
during the Second World War as a source of vitamin C for British children denied fresh fruit such as
oranges. It subsequently became established as an iconic "healthy food" served by mothers in 22
other countries around the world[1] especially locations such as Australia and New Zealand with
strong post–war British migration. Today Ribena generates sales world wide of £169 million ($US
332 million) for manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline (GSK, 2006). In 2004, two New Zealand teenagers
testing the vitamin C content of various fruit drinks for a high–school chemistry project found that
the pre–diluted ready–to–drink (RTD) variety of Ribena did not contain four times the vitamin C of
oranges, as implied in advertising. After the students failed to secure a satisfactory response from
GSK, their complaint went to a popular television consumer programme and eventually to the
Auckland District Court. In March 2007, the company pleaded guilty to 15 representative charges
and was ﬁned $NZ 227,500 (£81,750 or $US 163,400) for the misleading television commercials
and incorrect labeling. The second largest global pharmaceutical company was forced to take out
apology advertising in both
Australia and

‘Nowadays, It’s Neither Politicians nor Voters Who Decide...
'Nowadays, it's neither politicians nor voters who decide elections, it's the media.' Discuss
In modern democracy the issue of who decides elections is one that is particularly important to
investigate due to the idea that in a perfect democracy, the majority of power should lie with the
electorate, as by definition democracy means the rule of the people. Whilst much debate about the
relationship between the media and democracy focuses on the role of different types of media, and
the media as a platform, the focus of this essay shall be to analyze the electoral influence of the
independent mass media. In order to be able to decide elections, the media should be able to
manipulate both voters and politicians as they are generally held to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
presidential campaign of 1992, the media and candidates focused on similar issues, but there was
minimal proof that the media were responsible for this agenda convergence. Therefore, to assert that
the media consistently decides elections by dictating which issues are salient is misplaced. This
study shows that even when public and media agendas align, it is not as simple as stating that this is
due to the fact that media are dictating the agenda. This then undermines conclusions reached from
McCombs and Shaw (1972) in their Chapel Hill research whereby the strong correlation between
public and media agenda was concluded to be a case of the media directing public opinion.
However, just because the media does not always lead public opinion is not to say that the role of
the media in agenda setting is not important. It is in fact the disproportionate influence that
politicians ascribe to the media which gives the media some power in being able to influence
elections. As Walgrave & Van Aelst state (p.100, 2006), political actors follow media cues in
the election period due to the fact that 'media coverage is associated with public opinion'. In this
sense it is irrelevant that the views of the media and the public are not the same, so long as political
actors consider the media to be a gauge of the public mood. This is reinforced by Schudson (1996),
who argues that the power of the mass media lies not in manipulating the general public, but in the
belief from

The Media And Liberal Democracy
The Media and Liberal Democracy Name: Areez Somani Professor: Dr. David Hoogenboom
Student Number: 250644546 Due Date: July 19, 2015 Our society is based upon a set of key main
ingredients that have led us to today's era of information technology. This vast array of technological
advancements concerning the internet, television, mobile devices and even newspapers all share one
unique characteristic, they are controlled and manipulated by the media (Diamond, 2010, pg 5).
When referring to the media, this work refers to the channels that distribute news and its content.
This includes any forms of technology as long as there is an interface between message and the
general public. The media tends to project information in any way they see fit, mainly when
concerning political, racial and biased topics that are very sensitive in nature (Ungerleider, 1991. pg
24). In essence, the media is one of the most powerful entities that exist because of the controlling
dynamics of information (Chan, 1994, pg 54). They can curve political agendas, promote racial class
subcultures, and create public opinion with regards to any social issues. Depending on the audience,
the way information is presented, or 'skewed', can create a dynamic lasting effect. History shows
that media has played a crucial role in the formation of certain prejudices we so often encounter
every day in our lives. In Canada and the United States, we are fortunate to live in an ideal

Audience Behavior and How It Relates to the New Media Essay
Encoding/Decoding Theory as It Relates to the New Media
Audience behaviour has always been a complex but nonetheless essential part of the material
framework for theatre or theatrical events. In its extreme forms (e.g., at live wrestling matches, at
exuberant and spirited plays, etc.) is more easily identified and also gives the passive observer some
inkling as to where the boundaries for decent behaviour in the given society really are. Audiences
are increasingly becoming involved in a multi–layered assortment of activities and affections
(greatly contrasting in importance and fervour). It is interesting to note that the audience is now
intrinsically intertwined with familiar social relations. There is an unravelling of the difference ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reader will quite possibly appreciate different aspects of the work (e.g., sympathizing with
certain characters, appreciating the depth of the storytelling, discerning different meanings, etc.)
because the reader will have undergone different experiences and essentially become a different
person upon every reading. Certainly the static text in that book hasn't changed (the encoded
messages) but the particular readings have (the decoded messages). Although the concepts
underlined in Hall's encoding/decoding paper seems to form a highly systematic theory, several
external factors are not incorporated into it. It is widely held that the effects of media are very much
moulded by the contexts and happenings in a certain time and place. There is a dynamic and
fluctuating influence by means of various environmental factors. Of those environmental factors,
there are many including the activities of lobbyist groups, those with special interests, the influence
of the government and judicial bodies, the wavering tide of public opinion, technological innovation
and advances, and the education of the decoding members of society. To put in more in perspective,
consider the case of media messages they are transmitted within a certain sociocultural environment.
These very messages must rely on conventions and restrict potentially unintended meanings to bear
the consensus value of the dominating ideology. One might now consider the changes, or decline, in
the mass media with

Regulating The Digital Communication Nationally

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Kim Moore

More from Kim Moore (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Regulating The Digital Communication Nationally