Fair Use In Disney Movies

Fair Use In Disney Movies
Faden's use of the Disney movie clips is and should be considered fair use. The use of the clips all
follow the guidelines for fair use like for educational purposes and to illustrate on copyright laws.
The movie clips were not shown more than 30 seconds. The facts show that the creation of this film
did not impact the market value of the Disney movies nor was it use for market value. Fair use
shows Faden's only intention when he created the movie was to illustrate copyright laws and fair use
and know how to claim as fair use and what copyright law is.
He did not use more than necessary from the Disney movies when making the film. Now there is no
bright line on what is classified as fair use, in fact fair use can sometimes be considered as
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

William Shakespeare 's Romeo And Juliet
'The Trio' have created a television series which we believe will be 'the next big thing' in the
television market. Their show is a teen drama essentially taking Shakespeare's well known
characters, placing them in a modern day high school setting and seeing what unfolds. For instance
Macbeth is the Vice Principle who manages to oust the Principle and take over his position. Romeo
and Juliet are high school sweethearts, still from opposing backgrounds, with Romeo being a classic
Jock and Juliet being a math geek. As their manager I need to ensure their creative product is
appropriately protected as it has already had major interest from financial backers. I will investigate
other cases where television products have endeavoured to protect their intellectual property in
different ways and conclude which course of action will be the best for the Trio.
Bainbridge (2006) states that intellectual property rights put the owner of the right in a position of
power by allowing them to restrain others from doing certain things to their work and giving them
rights to take legal action against those who have breached their rights. Copyright New Zealand
(2015) defines copyright as a specific type of intellectual property right that can be used for various
types of creative works and automatically comes into action as soon as something is published.
According to the Stanford University Libraries website to qualify for copyright protection a creative
work must fit the following criteria:

Improving Student 's Creativity And Learning
Introduction
Over the last decade, technology initiatives have been passed, and schools are trying to find ways to
accomplish those goals. At the same time, teachers are not being educated in the standards of
technology use, and they are using the tools incorrectly. As the demand for digitizing schools
increases, the request for technology coaches is growing as well to help fix the issues teachers are
experiencing. In the following scenarios, each teacher experience problems using technology
ethically and legally in their classroom.
Scenario #1
In this scenario, Rebecca is using images in Smart Notebook to inspire her students to be creative
and engage throughout the lesson. Rebecca utilizes International Society for Technology in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scenario #2
In this scenario, Mary is rewarding her students before winter break with the movie Finding Nemo.
Before watching the movie in class, she sent home permission forms for parent's approval; however,
two students did not return the form. In this situation, the technology use is not based on the ISTE–t
standards because she is rewarded and preoccupying the students to get work done. Under these
circumstances, she is violating a portion of the copyright law for movies in the classroom which
dictates the movie must be related to a "face to face teacher activity" and legally obtained by the
teacher (Frieden, n.d.). Also, the teacher must be present in the classroom at all times throughout the
movie (Frieden, n.d.). Mary accomplishes the latter of the two components in the law; however, she
is playing the movie as a reward and not a teaching activity. I would implement ISTE–C standard
2.3 to create a meaningful and relevant lesson for her students. Mary could have the students
compare and contrast Nemo and his dad's adventures utilizing the Common Core English Language
Arts Standard (CCSS.ELA) for Reading: Literature 1.9. Also, After the students compare Nemo and
his father's adventures, the students will create a visual representation to clarify their thoughts which
promote CCSS.ELA for Speaking and Listening 1.5 standard. Furthermore, Mary is playing a movie
which the two students' parents did not consent to and

The Internet And Internet Stealing On The Internet
The internet may be the greatest invention in human history. It is able to connect almost all of the
seven billion people on the Earth, and allows these people to share their ideas, but it also creates an
intellectual property nightmare. The internet's main goal is the spread of information, but sometimes
the information isn't obtained in a way which agrees with laws put in place to protect patent and
copyright holders, and trademark owners. Since the invention and mass adoption of the internet, IP
laws have been struggling to keep up and law makers have had to start thinking about IP as it
pertained to the internet and how people used it.
Websites like Pirate Bay and Megaupload allowed for millions of people to illegally obtain copies of
their favorite software, songs, games, and much more. Stealing on the internet is not a hard thing to
do, the costs of copying are not high, and people can do it anonymously. There has been a push in
the last twenty years for a more aggressive enforcement of rights and laws for new forms of media.
In 1998 the world saw the passing of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) which was an
attempt by the US government to combat copyright to strengthen legal protection of intellectual
property rights holders in the midst of emerging new information communication technologies. The
law put pressure on internet service providers in order for service provider's legal liabilities to be
limited in the event one of their users violated copyright

Q1.name And Describe The Two Dominant Opposing Approaches
Q1.Name and describe the two dominant opposing approaches to copyright:
Copyright is the legal right, to an inventor to perform, print, publish, film, or record artistic, literary,
or musical material, and to allow others to do the same. Copyright law was developed to provide the
creators and inventors of any works with powerful and effective rights of exclusivity over their
creations (Patterson & Lindberg, 1991). Over the past, these rights were almost unlimited. People
would use existing developments as if they were their own without any regard of the creator's
exclusive rights. The need to balance and limit such rights arose, and governments established these
limits for the general good of the public.
One of the main opposing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this digital age, however, the internet has provided opportunities allowing the public to share
information directly. For this reason, it has brought about many controversies, and it is considered a
break of the fair use exception. People can freely share files and videos over the internet (Doctorow,
2006).
The second approach to copyright is the democratic approach. All works of art are ideas built on a
foundation of other ideas. The democratic approach advocates that intellectual property belongs to
the society and should be available for the general good of the public. If the particular usage is
intended to derive financial benefit or any other business–related benefits, it is considered
inappropriate usage. If the utilization of factual work were more usable than the use of someone's
creative work, then that would not be fair use. There is no specified edge to the amount of quoted
work that can be called "fair use." The courts exercise common sense to determine if it was too
much. If the utilization of the material created market or stirred a competition, and if the fair use
diminishes demand for the original product, it is not considered as appropriate use (Crews, 1993).
Q2. How can a propertarian approach to copyright conflict with fair use?
Copyright laws have not evolved much with

Analysis Of Disney Company 's Recreation Of Public Domain...
Once upon a time there were gripping tales shared between generation to generation and
continuously passed down. The listener 's focus was on the story's message and not its possible
profit allowed those listeners to live happily ever after. Storytelling began long ago traditionally told
orally before there was a shift to written stories and eventually as technology developed became a
digital market. Some of the most famous digitalized tales are fairy tales. Previous to digital
development, copyright laws on fairy tales were slim because there was less concern over copying.
This is also how the story's focus was more on the message and its creative development than the
potential profit. The Walt Disney company's recreation of public domain fairy tales demonstraights
how copyright laws have hindered artistic creativitity within America.
The Walt Disney company, is a beloved as well as infamous company worldwide also notoriously
known for their strict copyright laws. Original American copyright laws stated artistic works were
protected for 28 years and these laws were eventfully extended to a 56–year time frame. The term
continues to increase with the present law set at 75 years. Large companies like Disney continue to
fight for stricter and longer laws because of the revenue they will continue to bring it. (Washington
post). One apparent problem from the extensions is public lacks the ability to build on Disney
stories since they are not in public domain. In the 1997 report

Digital And Technology And Copyright
Technology and Copyright
Introduction
Digital and networking technology have vastly reshaped the way the world acquires and uses
knowledge; by increasing the amount of creative content that is available to everyone worldwide
and the variety of sources from which an individual can choose to acquire that data. This content is
often created by many individuals collaborating to form large groups of people who all contribute
creative content. Intellectual property (IP) is the content that is created by either an individual or a
group of individuals. The distribution of free content, software, and ideas has successfully limited
many societies dependency for established channels of distribution and production [cyberethics].
More and more however as the internet becomes a digitally real the ability to go to the internet and
escape the established channels of distribution has become increasingly difficult, concerns over the
legal issues with the way some, or at times most, of the ways material is acquired. Some experts
believe that intellectual property laws have stifled the access to many of these works, and in doing
so have decreased the rate at which the creative content can expand, grow, and progress. Laws like
the Digital Millennial Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) have
shifted, perhaps unfairly, the balance between intellectual property owners and the general users of
these creative works. These laws have been put into affect for the sole

RIPA Remix Manifesto
RIP: A Remix Manifesto offers a convincing case for copyright reform raising the issues about the
viscous control on the ownership of intellectual property against the free access to share ideas.
Gaylor (2008) is passionate about the ridiculous copyright laws and their ongoing restrictive
modifications in the USA that are demolishing the creativity of new ideas and innovations that these
copyright laws were originally meant to protect. Gaylor (2008) uses his favourite artist 'Girl Talk'
who samples and remixes music, to centre his documentary in an effort to defend the public domain
and its ability to share free idea, along with the use of the remixer's manifesto– Number 1. Culture
always builds on the past. Number 2. The past always tries to control the future. Number 3. Our
future is becoming less free. Number 4. To build free societies you must limit the control of the past.
The first point made in the remixers' manifesto involves Gaylor (2008) exploring the history of
artists who have used the creativity of the past for the inspiration of their new idea; including Walt
Disney and Metallica– who has borrowed previously made song structures from musicians– both
have now become harsh advocates for the current copyright laws. In keeping with Gaylor's (2008)
style, the remaining remix manifesto points will become a guideline for the remaining essay along
with the issues and case study that will be represented on the poster.
Number 2. The past will always try to control the

Pros And Cons Of Wikipedia
The first observation noted that there's an issue with the Wikipedia site is their home web page. The
home page of the online encyclopedia has a welcome page that boasts, "Welcome to Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia that anyone can edit" (Wikipedia, 2015). This method is in opposition of what I
would deem highly credible. Anyone could be an Eight–year–old or a person that is mentally ill. In
my opinion, the open editing system is the strength and the weakness of the website. There is the
chance that the social encyclopedia's contributors may not create university level articles worthy of
citing as a primary source for an academic paper. Another issue is that Wikipedia seems to depend
on the hopes that its user will apply the golden rule that is "Do unto others as you would have them
do unto you." It seems Wikipedia depends on the kindness of its users and hopes that they will post
accurate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mills Kelly, a historian at George Mason University in Washington, D.C., encouraged his students to
deceive thousands of people on the Web. Professor Kelly encourages his student to create a hoax
story about a pirate for the purpose of teaching the students about vetting the quality of their
sources. The students created a fake history blog, they created youtube videos, interviewed experts,
fabricated documents, and then the students posted statuses on facebook, twitter, and shoutwire. The
students went on the Wikipedia page and created a memorial page for the pirate. Unfortunately
many were duped by the hoax. The fabricated pirate story went as far as being featured on USA
Today's pop culture blog. At the end of the semester, the professor revealed the hoax. Some
applauded the Professor while many others were livid. Among the livid was Jimmy Wales, the Co–
founder of Wikipedia (Applebaum,

Creative Commons Essay
Creative Commons
Creative Commons encourages artists to share and distribute their work for free. And that could be
the key to a new multibillion–dollar industry.
People can widely redistribute other people works, as long as they provide the credit to the authors;
create new works based on an existing ones, provided they offer those derivations back to the public
on the same terms.
This paper analyzes the conflicts between the need of technology for creativity and innovation
versus the legal aspect of copyright.
An alternative emerging approach for licensing music, software, research paper and many other
resources on the internet, creative common sharing copyright, is introduced.
The paper does not analyze if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An impressive push to extend intellectual property by the entertainment industry may result in the
development of new technologies and revolution in the way people watch TV, access information at
home, experience interactive TV. But at what cost?
There must be a balance between the developer of the intellectual property and the interest of the
public. Intellectual property is already a big business among companies. Expanding the monopolies
has the effect of allowing companies to negotiate and cross–licensing technology. Microsoft, as
recently reported on the Wall Street Journal, is looking to expand the licensing of its technologies,
after successfully licensing some video decoders to open source groups.
The increasing acceptance of the intellectual property laws by the public culture is somehow related
to the ideals of property, control and fear that the benefits from resources out of control may not be
significant.
Historic view of copyright
In 1774 free culture was made because copyright was stopped in the case called Donaldson versus
Becket in the House of the Lords in England. In 1710 the copyright was limited to 14 years.
Donaldson was allowed to reprint Shakespeare despite other publishers were trying to stop him and

demanded a common copyright law that would be forever.
The same type of free culture was

Exploring The Copyrighting Options For The Trio Essay
The Objective:
Explore the copyrighting options for The Trio, a newly popular band, who have produced a range of
graphic designs for phone and gadget covers. The Trio will need to protect their designs from being
copied and sold by individuals or companies producing similar products. From their options; they
can (1) enforce copyright on their work, (2) creative commons licensing and/or (3) trademarking
song lyrics in some of their designs.
Ownership/profit dividing:
As the songwriter, Jasper will be credited for the designs which incorporate his lyrics. He will
receive 60% of the profits for those particular covers. Summer and Dak will receive 20% each, as
their designs will feature behind the lyrics. Summer and Dak will share equal ownership of
remaining designs, excluding the lyrics, and divide the profits equally.
1. Copyright:
As New Zealand citizens, qualifying them for copyright in New Zealand, and creators of their
products, The Trio are the first authors and as such are entitled to enforce copyright if it is infringed
upon. This means that they have the exclusive rights to copy, sell, adapt or show the work to the
public (New Zealand Legislation, 2015).
a) Advantages:
– The copyright for commercialised product designs can last for up to 16 years with the option of
renewal ("How long does copyright protection last?", 2015) and it is also protected internationally
because "New Zealand 's participation in various international agreements on copyright means that

The Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law :...
Review and Reflection Paper in Reaction to: Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law:
A Primer, by Carroll MW (2015) Background Publishing research data in articles could make it
available for public to access. In this article, the authors have discussed about sharing the research
data by letting public access it leads to a challenge of reusing the data. There are various questions
that might arise in the researchers' minds including queries about the legal rights, the owner of the
rights, and rights for permission to share the data that leads to productive utilization of the data.
Introduction Any researcher seeking to use another's data will be happy if the data is publicly
available with reuse permission granted by the source of the data (the researcher or repository).
However, it seems like that happiness may not persist long because there are possibilities that some
third party might claim any intellectual property or other legal rights on the original data. Such lack
of knowledge or legal uncertainty disturbs the use of published research data in a productive
manner. I agree with the author that the law makes all these more complicated that it worth. The
author mention that the source of all intellectual property rights is national law, firstly and then
certain international treaties harmonize the intellectual property rights of an owner but not by
country. For instance, the authors stated that the members of the European Union, have a specialized
database

How Not Follow Copyright Law : An Exploratory Essay On...
How to Not Follow Copyright Law:
An Exploratory Essay on Copyright and Remix Culture
As time goes by, the rate at which art changes increases at a seemly exponential rate. Our culture has
more ways than ever to publish and distribute the things we make, and with the rise of the internet
we can reach any audience with a Wi–Fi connection. This digital hyper–connectivity has led many
artists to create new forms of art, some of which have gone on to start trends and cultures. One of
these cultures that has become a significant part of online media is Remix Culture. The idea of
taking someone else's art and making it your own is embraced and cherished by some, and detested
by others. As this genre of media has grown over the years, the line between what is and isn't a
remix has drastically blurred. Some will spend hours upon hours making a song sound completely
different from its original counterpart, while others will simply chop it up and call it their own.
Though laws were once effective when dealing with copyright infringement, the rate art has grown
has significantly surpassed the rate at which these laws have changed. People are beginning to
monetize their remixes in various ways, creating much controversy surrounding who should be
getting paid, or if anyone should get paid at all. As artists, it is important to know what these laws
are exactly, so we can either abide by them or find our own workarounds. As soon as a work is
created in a tangible, fixed form, it is

3dprint Case Summary
Just3DPrint – Public Enemy No. 1 Summary of Controversy The 3D printing industry had a little
controversy. This controversy revolves around a small start up in the Allentown, PA area called
"Just3DPrint". Company is founded by four college students who had a dream, "offer 3d printing
services". The controversy does not revolve around their printing service, but it involves two
powerhouses, Thingiverse; a website that allows 3d modelers to share their creations for "free" in a
non–commercial manner and Ebay, the largest auction website in the world. Just3DPrint are
accussed of grabbing 3D models from Thingiverse and selling it on Ebay. Many modelers on
Thingiverse saw their creations for "sale" without their permissions and rightfully filed ... Show
That is nice, but what about 3DHubs. As stated above, 3DHubs and their sellers are guilty of the
same violations. Just3DPrint's mistake was more direct than 3DHubs. There is a solution that could
save money in millions of dollars in ligitation and secure 3D Modeler's rights and prevent
commercialization of creative commons 3d Models. Since, 3D Hubs is the largest infringer on
creative commons models. Thingiverse, 3DHubs, any modeling source site and 3D Printing service
site can have a 3D Model verification api plugin. This verification plugin will verify any 3D Model
uploaded to 3DHubs or any site like 3DHubs to make sure, the 3D Models are not violating creative
commons. Programming something like this can take months to be live. In 3D Hub's credit, their
terms and conditions does state the following "6. CONTENT 6.1. Users are solely responsible and
liable for the Content they upload and will refrain from uploading restricted Content to the Website.
If a Hub receives restricted Content from a User they shall refuse the Order and not supply a 3D
Print of such Content and immediately inform 3D Hubs about such Content. 6.2. Content is
restricted if

Banning Alcohol From Mainstream Consumption
Let 's travel back in time, for a second, to the 1840 's. Hundreds upon thousands of Americans
flocked to the western half of the country, fleeing their homes and risking their very lives for a
chance to strike it rich. Some were triumphant, others failed, and everyone learned a little something
along the way... Now, fast forward a few decades to the twentieth century. The United States
government just enacted an amendment into the Constitution, banning alcohol from mainstream
consumption. A collective of citizens grew irate and resisted, beginning a movement that would
effect the country for years to come. So what do the Gold Rush and Prohibition have to do with the
Internet? Well, they 're essentially what the Internet has been like for me. As both a creator and
consumer, cyberspace has turned making and viewing art into both a prospect and, in some
instances, a protest. Five, even ten years ago, nobody could have imagined the kind of force the
digital age would usher. As information was exchanged, people soon figured out that they had a
virtual library at their fingertips. I don 't even have to think about leaving the house to find out
which watercolor brand was the best money could buy – a quick Google search could yield plenty of
answers to that question. (About 1,040,000 results, to be exact!) I see myself a miner, and the
Internet gives me the tools I need to create my works. It 's no coincidence creators have made it this
way. I could conduct research for a concept

E Phishing Software And The Privacy Of Consumers Online By...
Fortunately, many solutions have been implemented to mitigate the negative repercussions of
phishing, hacking, and piracy. For example, Anti–phishing software provides safety to consumers
online by warning and preventing them from entering phishing websites. To consumer 's
conveniences, anti–phishing software have been installed into most web browsers and email clients.
Extensions and toolbars such as Netcraft can also augment the efficacy of successfully identifying
phishing attempts. (***) In addition, reCaptcha and networks can further ensure the safety of
consumers online. reCaptcha helps distinguish valid human users from bot attacks. ReCaptcha
requires users to decipher an image of distorted text that bots normally cannot decode. As ... Show
End–User License Agreements are legal contracts between software author/publishers and users. It
allows the author/publisher to control, though not necessarily enforce, and inform consumers how
digital products can be used after purchase. Any deviations from the contract can be followed by
legal actions from the author or creator. Copyrights provide further protection over how products are
used, specifically over making copies, performing in public, broadcasting, and using online.
(http://www.patentsoffice.ie/en/copyright_benefits.aspx) It also gives the right of creators/publishers
to sue copyright infringers for misuse, exploitive copying, and piracy. Finally, DRMs are methods of
enforcing control over how digital products and works are used after purchase – a direct attack
against piracy. DRMs usually employ codes that prevents any unauthorized distribution or copying
of games, music, and e–books. All three solution ensure that content creators and publishers do
receive all, if not close to all, the profit for a product. Thus, e–commerce benefits as creators are
more confident in conducting business online. However, some of these solutions introduce other
problems and inconveniences to consumers that damage e–commerce. For example, ReCaptcha has
become increasingly difficult to decipher in response to Hackers improving algorithms in bots. By
2012, as many as 90% of people found it difficult or impossible to decipher reCaptcha images,
which adds not only an

A Brief Note On Copyright And Remix Culture
How to Not Follow Copyright Law:
An Exploratory Essay on Copyright and Remix Culture
As time goes by, the rate at which art changes increases at a seemly exponential rate. Our culture has
more ways than ever to publish and distribute the things we make, and with the rise of the internet
we can reach any audience with a Wi–Fi connection. This digital hyper–connectivity has led many
artists to create new forms of art, some of which have gone on to start trends and cultures. One of
these cultures that has become a significant part of online media is Remix Culture. The idea of
taking someone else's art and making it your own is embraced and cherished by some, and detested
by others. As this genre of media has grown over the years, the line between what is and isn't a
remix has drastically blurred. Some will spend hours upon hours making a song sound completely
different from its original counterpart, while others will simply chop it up and call it their own.
Though laws were once effective when dealing with copyright infringement, the rate art has grown
has significantly surpassed the rate at which these laws have changed. People are beginning to
monetize their remixes in various ways, creating much controversy surrounding who should be
getting paid, or if anyone should get paid at all. As artists, it is important to know what these laws
are exactly, so we can either abide by them or find our own workarounds.
As soon as a work is created in a tangible, fixed form, it is

Code Of Best Practices: The Digital Millennium Copyright...
A lot has happened in the world of information since 1976. The digital age has had a big impact on
our interpretation of fair use. It used to be that illegal copies of digital material were easy to spot
because they were of obvious poor quality compared to the original. Advances in technology,
however, have made it possible to easily create copies that are just as high quality as the original.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 put up a few barriers to fair use. This legislation
made it illegal to destroy or bypass any copyright protection mechanism on a digital work even on a
legally purchased copy. For educators, this means that even if the use is fair, copying these files or
videos is restricted.
Slide 6 The TEACH Act of 2002 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One myth is that copyright campaigns that are widely available to schools are a good source of
copyright information. In actuality, these programs with characters like Copyright Captain,
Copyright Kids, and Donny the Downloader are usually created by publishing companies who have
a biased interest in preventing many fair uses of their materials. These campaigns often unfairly
criminalize many fair use applications. Another myth is that fair use rules are rigid. This is far from
the truth. Fair use is very flexible. American Library Association copyright expert, Carrie Russell,
says that you may never know if your decision that a use was fair was right. The only way to know
for sure is if a court decides. You just have to use the guidelines and trust your best judgment.
Another myth is that the risk to educators in copyright issues is high. Although criminal copyright
conviction is a felony it just doesn't happen. Because fair use is vague there is a lot of wiggle room
in its interpretation. One last myth is that school copyright policies are good references for
determining if a use is fair. These policies are usually written by district lawyers who are worried
about worst case liability and are overly restrictive as a

Technology Is Affecting Us Essay
Today's world is full of pieces of technology that we take for granted, the microchip has truly
revolutionised the way in which we live and do business. The world we see would not be
recognisable to people of a few generations ago and nowhere is this truism greater than in the world
of computing. Hence it is important to stay up to date with technology news; while many may think
that this type of news is purely for geeks it is clear that all of us should have at least a passing
interest in news of technological developments.
Technology pretty much touches all of our lives in some way and hence technology news is a vital
resource that can keep us up to date with developments and ways in which the world will be
changing. For instance, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Technology can apply to elements of the medical industry as well as the automotive industry. It is
this diversity that makes technology news articles so interesting to read and why subscribers from
all over the world regularly catch up theses stories.
It can be argued that will now live in the 'computer age', whether this is true or not is a matter of
conjecture but what can be assured is that we live a period where computers are becoming
increasingly important to our way of life. Ultimately we are becoming evermore reliant on our
computers and without them we would be lost; there are even news stories of some now being
addicted to their computers and handhelds. This is the extent that technology has encroached upon
our lives that people now do not feel the need to 'unplug'.
The phenomena is only set to continue, as computers become more powerful and have greater and
greater applications it will not be long that we will plan our lives around the computer. This is not an
attempt to act as a harbinger of doom, it is just theorising on ways in which technology will impact
upon the human race. This is why keeping up to date with news stories about technology is so
important, technology is about forward momentum and understanding what is at the crest of the
wave is only half of the battle.
Read more:

Copyright Fair
be legal and fair
Be Legal & Fair
Copyright image
Protection of intellectual property is taken very seriously in the United States. Copyright holders
defend their rights quite vigorously and as a teacher, you should take seriously how both you and
your students use music, video, spoken and written words that have been created by others.
In this Thing you will learn about copyright, fair use, Creative Commons and the TEACH Act of
2002.
What exactly does Copyright mean?
Copyright protects the rights of any creator of content by giving them the legal power to do with
their works as they choose. Once an original work has been created the owner then has the exclusive
rights to sell, make copies, make other works based upon it, or place it on public display. (note: the
work may belong to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can also include assignments you create for a class you teach or the notes your students take in
class.
Take this copyright quiz as a pre–assessment before going any further to test your copyright IQ.
While this may sound a bit daunting, there are guidelines that allow educators to use copyrighted
materials in the classroom. The guidelines are called Fair Use, which we'll be covering later.
Copyright law, as it currently stands, is covered in Title 17 of the United States Code.
Visit the Copyright Laws Quest 1 on the 21things4students site, which targets middle school
students, where you can view some videos, the Copyright Kids and Cyberbee sites, and take a
copyright Quiz.
Creative Commons
CC (1)

An alternative to restrictions of copyright is called a Creative Commons license. This license allows
a content creator to give explicit permission to those wishing to use their intellectual property or
original works in a way that respects the owner's wishes and thus eliminates the need to contact the
content creator for

Nonprofit Goals
Hi Everyone,
As you are aware, our nonprofit goals include using genomic sequencing and analysis for the
advancement of education, scientific research and improving social welfare. This requires us to
utilize crowdsourcing to fund our efforts.
We are making progress towards these goals daily and this report is to let you know what Open
Genomes has accomplished in the past few weeks, some issues we addressed, and the next steps we
need to take in order to move forward.
Earlier this year we received a determination letter from the IRS that awarded our organization
501(c)(3) status. This milestone was the beginning of extensive research into State and Federal legal
implications. We researched the registration requirements for each ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Not only does Guidestar.org have over 100,000 registered non–profit organizations that share
information, but it also contains records for all US 5010(3)(c) tax–deductible organizations, whether
they have completed their listings or not. We uploaded our Form 1023 tax–exempt status
applications, financial statements, and other information to get a "Guidestar Silver Participant"
recognition.
http://www2.guidestar.org/organizations/46–2725903/open–genomes–foundation.aspx
We experienced some accounting hurdles from the early days regarding volunteer contributions vs.
loans and how we should report these to the authorizing governing bodies. Additionally, Ted needed
a new modem for his internet connection (his old modem was very outdated, causing connection
problems, and an upgrade was recommended by the internet provider), and a new graphics card to
upgrade from EGA so that he could see his screen. Open Genomes Foundation expensed the modem
and graphics

Case Study : Jasper, Summer And Dak
Jasper, Summer and Dak are a group of three young and highly talented creatives who make up all
three members of The Trio. By putting their innovative minds together, the group managed to create
a unique and intricately designed dress made from vinyl that has succeeded to be the next big thing
in the highly lucrative market of adolescent and young adult consumers. As the manager of The
Trio, it is my duty to protect the intellectual property of the group. Such a responsibility will involve
researching into the potential solutions of copyright laws and creative common licences, within the
field of fashion. My research will not only be focused in relevance to New Zealand but will also
extend to overseas markets as The Trios creative product is set to be released worldwide. With my
collected information, I will then recommend a justified course of action that I believe would be best
for the group to take in regards to their intellectual property.
Copyright is a property right that covers various works such as films, broadcasts, literary works,
artistic works, sound recordings and more. Fashion comes under the category of artistic works.
However, copyright within this field is very limited. Blakley (2010) explains that this is because
apparel is said to be too utilitarian to qualify for copyright protection. The fashion industry itself
also poses difficulties for copyright protection, which Batty (2009) explains through three main
points. Firstly, there are certain fundamentals

Creative Commons
Creative Commons – America Needs Fair Use Licenses
It's likely happened to you before, you turn on your radio, or favorite music video network and
begin listening to a song by some hot new pop starlet, hip–hop superstar, or aging rocker. The beat is
catchy, inviting, and oddly familiar, almost too familiar in fact. You may think, "Didn't David
Bowie, or, hmm, wasn't it that guy from Queen that played this riff in like ten years ago? Who is this
Vanilla Ice guy and why is he rapping over it?" If you were old enough to remember Under Pressure
and subsequently were listening Ice Ice Baby in 1990 (likely while cruising in your Mustang 5.0
convertible on your way to a Milli Vanilli concert), you would have experienced an ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thankfully, a solution called Creative Commons has been developed which addresses many of these
issues in an effort to encourage new creative development through the open sharing of intellectual
property. (Lessig)
There are many issues with the current copyright laws that exist in the Canada and the United States
today. Many critics of these laws like, Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig; believe that
current copyright laws only exist to protect entrenched, and often uncreative interests at the expense
of everyone else. (Plotkin) In the United States, back in 1790, copyright extended for 14 years after
the document was published, and then for another 14 years if the author was still alive. (Plotkin)
Today copyright laws in the US have been lengthened to 70 years after the death of the author,
which means that companies can withhold releasing works into the public domain for almost a
century. (Plotkin) In Canada copyright laws are similar, but instead of 70 years after death, an
authors works are released into the public domain 50 years after their death. (Harris) Lessig has
stated in interviews that current copyright and patent practices are contrary to the reason why they
were developed in the first place. (Plotkin) They were

The Most Ironic Law Of All Time
The Most Ironic Law of all Time
The era of cable television reaches its final breath. Digital media begins flourishing. Online
communities and social media reign over, spoiling our fingers with content of all calibers. The
internet is causing a change so radical that legal matters are still catching up with it. As the
Founding Fathers intended, effective law should include creating law adapts to society's changes.
However, change hasn't occurred yet. The American copyright law only gets more controversial as it
butts its way in. There is now a three–way skirmish between creators, large corporations and
legislature for a simple reason. It is preventing creative freedom and distribution of content online.
The American copyright law is ironically limiting much of this generation's creativity by preventing
exposure, criminalizing the wrong people and letting others take advantages of its own loopholes.
To provide some background information, the creation of American copyright law dates back to the
beginnings of the constitution of the United States. That is, the Copyright law was intended to
promote science and useful arts by giving the author the right of protection from copy theft (art. I,
sec 8). That means that the published work would be protected from being replicated; it cannot be
used by anybody else without permission. That being said, the law offers a way to prevent
infringement: public domain. This is material that loses protection from copyright law. When
something

Copyright Laws Essay
21 Things for Students –– Thing 7 –– Copyright
Watch the introductory video here.
Introduction
Technology has brought about a potential crisis. It seems that a lot of artwork, literature, and music
by our most creative authors, musicians, and artists have fallen into the hands of pirates. Our artists
can no longer support themselves nor feel safe in creating new work. Their work is being shared all
over the Internet as we speak. We need to put a stop to this. What would happen if your favorite
musicians stopped writing and publishing their music? Do you want to listen to the music of your
grandparents? That's where this assignment comes in.
For this Thing you will find out what we can do to make sure creative work remains under proper ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Watch the one or more of the following videos on copyright, plagiarism and fair use, in addition to
the Copyright Kids and Cyberbee resources. Then answer the following seven questions as you are
viewing the videos. What is copyright? the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an
assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to
authorize others to do the same
How long does the copyright on an original work last?
70 years
All works published in the United States before 1923 are in the public domain. Works published
after 1922, but before 1978 are protected for 95 years from the date of publication. If the work was
created, but not published, before 1978, the copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years.
What is the Fair Use Act?
The "Freedom and Innovation Revitalizing United States Entrepreneurship Act of 2007" (FAIR USE
Act) was a proposed United States copyright law that would have amended Title 17 of the U.S.
Code, including portions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to "promote innovation,
to encourage the introduction of new technology, to enhance library preservation efforts, and to
protect the fair use rights of consumers, and for other purposes.
What is plagiarism? the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as

one's own.
What types of things can be copyrighted? What cannot

Are Food Bloggers An Easy Target For Copyright Infringement?
Are food bloggers an easy target for copyright infringement? Because it is just recipe writing,
blogging can someone easily take away our product (our writing, our associated photos and recipe
cards) without prior permission. Where does the law stand?
Patent Right:
If you create a recipe or introduced a new method of production, or invented a new ring rodent
which is substantially different from the prior art, you can claim patent for the recipe, or if you are
introducing a new method in cooking an already well–known dish still you can claim your right over
the said dish because you have invested your labor, time and originality to create that end product.
For example, if you can cook an omelet in an innovative way you can claim copyright ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then yes, your product will be guarded by copyright laws. The philosophy behind the same is to
reward you for your labor and creativity by recognising your 'intellectual' 'property'. So the test to
determine the same is will it qualify as your intellectual property?. Again coming back to food
blogs, as we all are aware, all food bloggers has their own unique style and flair for writing, it may
not be just a display of some ingredients it has their personal touch. So your writings are protected
because it is your baby. Another aspect to consider in the case of our food bloggers are, what is our
ultimate aim of food blogging. We want other's to make and enjoy our dish isn't it? Yet another
successful plate of our food makes us happy, isn't it. That is why almost all of us use the phrase
'serve and enjoy'. So we are giving permission for non–commercial fair use. Having said that if you
came to know that your invention is served in a restaurant and they are making a few pounds out of
it, then you have every right to claim an ownership for that dish. With so many cooking
competitions and reality show looking for innovative, creative dishes it is possible that a contestant's
research may end up in the reproduction of one of your 'own creation'. Having said all these, it
should be admitted that it is so hard t prove that substantial difference from the original in the UK
and The US. There are not

`` For The Love Of Culture `` By Lawrence Lessig
Copyright Laws Need an Update Since the beginning, copyrights have existed to protect people
from theft of content, thus inspiring more creativity from the public. The interpretation of these laws
has been twisted by large corporations to serve as a legal means to restrict content for public use and
to gain from profitable licensing. It is essential that copyrighted materials are available to everyone
for our culture to grow. With the copyright laws so perplexing and different depending on the
context, individuals may not understand they are committing a crime by using information and be
subjected to lawsuits, despite good intentions. Lawrence Lessig's three proposals for copyright
changes are key concepts facing issues like this. It is crucial we pay attention because our cultural
future is in jeopardy. In Lawrence Lessig's article "For the Love of Culture", he explains his concern
that our copyright laws are hampering our opportunity to learn about our past. Lessig gives us a
good example in the beginning about a daughter of a late great American documentary. She felt it
was important to re–master her father's collections and make them available on DVD. Lessig
describes the challenges she faced clearing permissions because of the copyright laws. He also
explains how copyright laws are different when trying to access documentary films versus books.
Lessig continues, explaining that Google scanned eighteen million books to have them accessible to
the public.

Analysis Paper. Wikipedia
Launched on 15 January 2001, Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that uses the web platform for
online users to access. Boasting with over 26 million pieces of writing in 285 languages, Wikipedia
has transformed to be a giant in the field of search engines optimization technology. The open
source concept that it rides have made it cheap to access and a better choice for many online users.
This is especially among the users who find it cumbersome to follow prolonged registration
processes to access information on the internet. Any search term queried on the Google™ home
page search engine will definitely give a hit from the Wikipedia site, and if not present, a prompt
will request the user to create a page for such a term. In this way, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this particular article, issues have been raised for peer review. To begin with, the article appears to
lack information by a way of proper referencing from reliable sources. Secondly, it sets a bad
precedence to talk of personality biographies to the living. It is to my view that any article and
especially the ones found in the Wikipedia should not have a biased or libelous view on issues. To
correct this misgiving, I suggest that a proper research be conducted in regards to Jackie Chan from
renowned journalists, who may find it a pleasure to access and interview Jackie Chan himself. In
this regard, my role would fit in well as a peer reviewer rather an author or illustrator. This is
partially because I possess excellent skills on information searching, data analysis and attention to
details and because it is highly unlikely for me to secure a face–to–face interview session with
Jackie Chan. However, due to the amount of time needed in background research and analysis, I
would only attempt to add "Off Camera" section that will be open for peer review and talk on the
website. Wikipedia Sandbox is a platform in the Wikipedia site that offers an experimental practical
approach to editing articles in the Wikipedia. It is clearly structured with, my only proposition; to be
that the summary area should be highlighted in a different color. This can

Examples Of Dog Behavior Blog
Dog Behavior Blog, a blog owned by Amber L. Drake & Canine Companions, is dedicated to
ensuring optimal happiness through positive behavior and education. The topics discussed include
canine behavior problems and solutions, general canine nutrition, general canine care, dogs in the
news, and more. If you have a guest post that is not included in this list but you feel would be a good
fit for our blog, please submit your ideas as all relevant topics are welcome!
All Guest Posts must comply with the following criteria:
1. Guest Posts must be your own original work that has not been published on any other website,
forum, chat or social media network.
2. Plagiarism or copyright infringement is not permitted.
3. When quoting others, please ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
15. Dog Behavior Blog welcomes images and/or video to accompany your guest post as long as they
meet the following requirements:
a. The Guest Post writer must be the copyright holder of the image/video OR the image/video must
be licensed under an appropriate creative commons license or in the public domain. Proof must be
submitted along with any image/video showing that it does not infringe on copyright laws.
b. Dog Behavior Blog reserves the right to change/edit the image/video if necessary.
c. If people are included in the image/video, then the Guest Post writer must provide a written
release allowing use of likeness.
d. Video/image submissions must be relevant to the post.
e. Dog Behavior Blog reserves the right to deny or remove any image/video it deems inappropriate
or contrary to the values of the Dog Behavior Blog company and brand.
16. Dog Behavior Blog will share and promote the Guest Post on a variety of social media networks,
but does not guarantee any particular site or audience reach.
17. Links to any third–party site must be relevant to the topic.
18. All search engine optimization ("SEO") information, such as anchor text or alt tags, will be
reviewed and subject to inclusion at the discretion of Dog Behavior Blog.
19. Excessive links or links that appear to be affiliated or spam

Comparing The Introduction Of George Eastman And The...
Part One:
Topic: How has the introduction of amateur photography affected the art of photography?
Article: Technology and the Market: George Eastman and the Origins of Mass Amateur
Photography
Why is it an academic source: This journal is a peer reviewed journal and was published by The
Johns Hopkins University Press and the Society for the History of Technology, therefore it is an
academic source.
Why is it useful: Looks at the historical development of photography since it became popular. Also
follows the journey of George Eastman (who created the concept of using rolls of film) who was a
amateur for three years before he entered the photography business, allows us to have an insight on
how he transitioned between these two realms of photography. Also interesting to look at how
through Eastman's invention he has created the public to be apart of photography and make it a mass
media product. "Eastman made the key conceptual change in who was to predominate in the
practice of photography from the professional to the novice" (Jenkins, 1975). Discusses how
Eastman changed the view towards photography through his Kodak invention, and how he created
an immediate popularity towards the product. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She also discusses the social importance of photography. "In becoming a marker in an elite status,
fine art photography has created aesthetic boundaries that separate it from popular forms of
symbolic communication."(Schwartz,

Analysis Of Lawrence Lessig 's Remix : Making Art And...
The reworking and regeneration of already existing cultural works through the processes of
borrowing, stealing, recycling, appropriating and collaging has become a dominant creative strategy
in contemporary art and design, particularly fortified by Postmodernity. Martino Gamper, sister duo
Soda_Jerk and Glenn Brown are significant artists in this 'remix culture' that redefine the way the
world is perceived through the reproduction and recyclability of their works and the works of others.
Remix culture, or 'read–write culture' , lets people generate "art as readily as they consume it" . In
Lawrence Lessig's book Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy, he
argues that the contemporary generation's form of 'literacy' is technologically–based . In this
contemporary society, technology plays a significant role in the appropriation and 'hacking' of art,
music and film making it difficult to distinguish what is piracy and what is creative. Italian furniture
designer, Martino Gamper, takes the creative approach by recycling and appropriating in his 2006
work 100 Chairs in 100 Days. By reconfiguring and remixing the design of 100 abandoned, second–
hand chairs, Gamper explores the collaboration between styles and structural elements giving new
life and meaning to one chair a day. His collection results in a collage of unique design pieces that
respond to their place of origination, often poetic and humourous in nature. Gamper's Sonet
Butterfly (fig. 1) was

Copyright Is Not Protected Under Copyright
Copyright is the exclusive right to copy or reproduce a creative work or to sell certain rights to the
work. These rights apply to literary, artistic, dramatic, or musical works in a tangible form.
Generally, facts, themes, ideas, most titles, names, catch–phrases and other short–word
combinations are not protected under copyright.
For a writer, copyright is the exclusive right to the reproduction and use of any creative material.
The copyright is originally held by the author*, but these rights may be transferred to other parties
by the copyright holder.** Copyright is automatically applied to a creative material once a work is
created and put into a tangible form (written, recorded, performed, etc....). These laws do not cover
ideas, facts, most titles, names, catch–phrases and other short–word combinations. In Canada
copyright is held for the lifetime of the author/creator/owner, followed by another fifty years. After
the fifty years have passed the work enters the public domain.
*Copyright law deals with the economic and moral rights that the author holds for their creative
work. To find out more concerning Canadian copyright laws visit the Department of Justice Canada
website, or contact a lawyer in your area for specific inquiries.
**Copyright is automatically applied to a creative work, from the time of creation. It is generally
owned by the creator of the work; however there are some exceptions which include:
If a writer is working for a company, the employer

The Best Method Of Protecting A Television Show By The...
Intro
The purpose of this paper is to determine the best method to protect a television show created by the
Trio. The Trio has created a TV show loosely based off of their own experiences at University and
the final years of school. Alongside this, the trio has developed a range of complementary products
to go alongside this, such as memorabilia, t–shirts, caps, and mugs. The Trio has all played
significant roles in the development and production of the Pilot Episode. The Trio are now eager to
share the TV show with the world. As their primary demographic is 14–24 year olds, they intend to
distribute their show on an online platform. The Trio is also concerned about how to protect their IP
to ensure that they can continue creating. This paper will examine the different methods of
protection available to the Trio, as well as determine which would be of the most benefit to them.
Intellectual Property and Copyright
First of all it is important to establish what Intellectual Property (IP) is a creation of the mind. There
are two types of IP that protect a range of different creations. The two categories are Industrial
Property and Copyright. Industrial Property is concerned with the commercial based creations such
as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. Copyright protects literary works such as films,
music, artistic works, and Television. Copyright is granted automatically, there is no need to register
or fill out a form. However, some governments encourage this to

Production Music Definition Essay
2.3 Definitions: The Terms and Definitions related to Production Music Library In order for the
reader to fully understand the terminology appeared in this research paper, the following definitions
are given. Apparently, a lot of these terms will be familiar to any readers who have experiences in
the field of music publishing and music licensing. "Background" refers to music that "the actor(s)
can hear coming from a radio, jukebox or party, it also has the same definition as "Source Cue" and
"Source Music" (AIMP, n.d.). "Blanket License" is "used to give blanket permission to use any
music from a specific catalog" and is commonly used in "a situation where issuing individual music
licenses for each piece or each use would be cumbersome". And paying the "Blanket Fees" to use a
Blanket License means that the person or the company can use any music ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their job "starts with breaking down the script and discussing the director's concept" and also
"oversees all music–related business on a project", which includes "assisting with the budget",
"working with the director to find the right composer and music editor", and even "coordinating
soundtrack releases with record labels" (Get In Media, n.d.). "Performing Rights" is "the right to
perform music in public. This is "a part of copyright law and demands payment to the music's
composer/lyricist and publisher when a business uses music in a public performance" and the
"examples of public performances are broadcast and cable television, radio, concerts, nightclubs,
and restaurants" (Gammon, 2011). The income from these public performances is called
"Performance Royalties" and the organizations that collect such royalties is called "Performance
Rights Organization (PRO)" in which in the USA, these are "BMI, ASCAP, and

Stop The Pirates Poster Analysis
Q4 Stop the Pirates
7. Be Legal & Fair
Q3 Comic
7.Q4 Script for the animated video below
Introduction
Your goal is to stop the pirates (aarrgh). No not those pirates. You will be creating a poster
discouraging others from illegally downloading and reproducing content from the Internet (pirating).
Your poster should have a clear message. Remember, copying copy protected music, movies, and
games is stealing and it is harmful to the creative artists, musicians, developers and others involved
in the work. To create your poster you may use various media such as digital photography, drawing
tools, downloaded images, as well as online sites. Check with your teacher to find out what
application should be used to create your poster. Some online

The Analysis : The ' The Gibbons ' Essay
The 'Trio' are three qualified (bachelor of communications) designers who have come up with a hit
bi–monthly animation, "The Gibbons". It is comprised of two distinctive characters and has raised a
cult following of cartoon fans aged fourteen to twenty–three while being free to view. The two
characters from the animation are very unique and portray a style that has made the animation and
instant classic. Each member of the trio is an animation artist and they evenly distribute the
workload. From a managerial perspective, it is important to protect the Trio's intellectual property.
In this essay I will take on a managerial perspective and analyse copyright, creative commons, and
trademarking/passing off to find out the most suitable protection for the trio's intellectual property.
The Trio's creative output could potentially be copyrighted to protect their intellectual property. For
starters, they and their product meet the four main conditions to satisfy for copyright protection; the
item must be copyrightable, the item must be sufficiently copyrightable, the author must be a
qualified person, and the item must exist to some extent of tangibility (Bainbridge, D. 2006).
Because the animation itself is uploaded on the internet, it is considered tangible and therefore
subject to be copyrighted. The three members of the Trio have graduated from a bachelor's degree in
communications, which covers a range of topics including visual material. This means that they are
qualified to

Photography Copyright Laws
Robin Gross once described copyright laws as, "a balance between protection for the artist and
rights for the consumer." However, Carolyn E. Wright, a full–time attorney who actually wrote the
book on photography law and whose goal is to protect the rights of photographers (both
professionals and amateurs alike) provides us with a more official definition of copyright laws in an
interview with photographer Ken Kaminesky. Explaining that, "copyright for photographers means
owning property. With ownership, you get certain exclusive rights to that property. For photographic
copyrights, the ownership rights include the right to reproduce the photograph, prepare derivative
works based upon the photograph, to distribute copies of the photograph to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Created and led by professional photographers, PPA works to help photographers grow and succeed
by educating them on business and technical skills, connect photographers through live
classes/consultations/conventions, and to protect the livelihood of photographers everywhere by
providing a variety of benefits. These benefits/tools include copyright advocacy, malpractice
protection, and equipment insurance. In fact, PPA is the only photographic association that provides
a full–time Copyright & Government Affairs Department in the world. This department works to
answer any questions about copyrighting and gather the latest information on laws that affect
photographers. PPA also supplies members (it's free to join) with a copyright kit that includes
information, guidance, samples, instructions, templates, and more. Both Creative Commons and
PPA suggest that every photographer take the time to create some sort of watermark (this shows that
there is restricted use) and to create a licensing

SOPA: Censorship's Sweetheart Essay
"Imagine a world without free knowledge." That was the quote on Wikipedia's front page on
Wednesday, January 18th. . The information–hosting online encyclopedia shut down all of the
articles and information on the website, presenting only a black screen and a stark situation to the
world for a full twenty–four hours. Why would Wikipedia, an online giant, shut down their website?
The consequences are huge, a loss of much–solicited donations to the company and advertising
money. The answer is simple. What Wikipedia is trying to do is raise awareness about two bills: the
Stop Online Piracy Act and the Protect IP Act, or SOPA and PIPA (Wikipedia, "Stop Online Piracy
Act, Protect IP Act"). Soon after Wikipedia, other websites joined in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A good example of this is the Vocaloid community. Vocaloid is a voice–synthesizer used to create
songs that sound like a realistic human voice, with a cute anime (Japanese cartoon) character
attached. (Vocaloid Wikia, "What is VOCALOID?") In the Vocaloid community, one person might
post a song that they created. Another person, with the permission of the composer, might create a
music video for it using 3D modeling data by someone else, and post it on the same site. (Vocaloid
Wikia, "MMD") When an amateur singer sees the song, they might sing it, use the instrumental
provided by the composer, the video by the artist, and their voice to create a unique collaboration.
However, if SOPA and PIPA were put into practice, this whole creative process would stop at the
music video because of the copyright laws (Wikipedia, "Stop Online Piracy Act", "Protect IP Act"),
and the community irreparably damaged. In this way, SOPA and PIPA would limit creativity online.
Moreover, many small, innovated sites created by single users or a small collaboration would be
taken down for such a simple thing such as not providing a link to their background image. In fact,
the official site for SOPA did not cite their background image, and if the law was put into place,
their website's link would be taken down from search engines. (Wikipedia, "Stop Online Piracy
Act")
Yet, background images are not the only problem. For many users of sites such

Peer Production: An Agent of Good or Evil?
Peer Production: An Agent of Good or Evil?
A Comparative Essay in the Context of Wikipedia
Traditionally, centralized organizations such as governments, religious institutions and universities
were responsible for information production and sharing. However, over the past decade, the
Internet has decentralized the process and promoted open–source software (OSS). OSS is software
that is freely used, edited, and shared by anyone. As a result of OSS, users are able to generate
content, also known as peer production. Peer production, according to Yochai Benkler (2006, p. 85),
is a way of voluntarily donating meaningful, collaborative information from dynamic people. One
modern example is Wikipedia–a free, online encyclopedia edited by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But if you can assemble a diverse group of people who possess varying degrees of knowledge and
insight, you're better off entrusting it with major decisions rather than leaving them in the hands of
one or two people, no matter how smart those people are. (Surowiecki, 2004, p. 31)
This means that diverse opinions (due to different levels of knowledge) are more valuable than the
views of a few experts. Surowiecki (2004) explained that most experts within a field tend to think
alike and conform to what other experts believe without challenging the results. Moreover, these
experts can also be biased due to restricted amounts of information. Rarely, he added, does an expert
show the complexity and the entirety of a question or research topic (p. 22). Agreeably, no single
expert can understand everything about a topic, especially in a constantly changing environment.
However, many people can give multiple views and illuminate the issue better. Nevertheless,
Surowiecki (2004) admitted that peer production has flaws. It does not always produce precise
content and informed decisions. He clarified that the failures are often caused by the contributors
becoming biased or concerned with the opinions of others. Consequently, they often follow the ideas
of others (called "group think") rather than thinking separately (p. 30). Likewise, the Joseph

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