AST- CV Crane Work Safe.ppt

Crane Vehicle Course
PT. AUSTRALIAN SKILLS TRAINING

CV Crane Course 2
REGULATIONS
PERATURAN
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 1984
KESEHATAN & KESELAMATAN KERJA 1984
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REGULATIONS 1996 (WA)
UNDANG-UNDANG KESEHATAN & KESELAMATAN KERJA 1996
MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS
PETUNJUK PEMBUAT
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS (AS)
STANDARD AUSTRALIA
CODES OF PRACTICE & GUIDANCE NOTES
PETUNJUK & PANDUAN PELAKSANAAN

CV Crane Course 3
REGULATIONS PERATURAN
LICENSE REQUIREMENTS
PERIZINAN YANG DIPERLUKAN
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
CERTIFICATION STANDARD FOR USERS & OPERATORS
OF INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT [NOHSC:1006(1995)]
STANDARD NASIONAL UNTUK KESEHATAN &
KESELAMATAN KERJA UNTUK PENGGUNA & OPERATOR
DARI INDUSTRI PERALATAN [NOHSC:1006(1995)]
WORKSAFE
BEKERJA AMAN

CV Crane Course 4
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1984
"DUTY OF CARE“ SECTION 19
Duties of the employer
Tugas Pemberi Kerja
EMPLOYERS MUST, AS FAR AS IS PRACTICABLE, PROVIDE
AND MAINTAIN A WORKING ENVIRONMENT WHERE
EMPLOYEES ARE NOT EXPOSED TO HAZARDS.
PEMBERI KERJA HARUS, SEPANJANG DAPAT DILAKUKAN,
MENYEDIAKAN & MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN KERJA DIMANA
KARYAWAN TIDAK TERKENA BAHAYA

CV Crane Course 5
GENERAL DUTIES INCLUDE:
• Safe systems of work.
• Information, instruction, training
and supervision.
• Consultation and co-operation.
• Personal protection.
• Safe plant and substances.
• Reporting of accidents.
SECARA UMUM TUGASNYA
TERMASUK:
• Sistem kerja yang aman.
• Informasi, instruksi, pelatihan dan
pengawasan.
• Konsultasi dan kerjasama.
• Pelindung diri.
• Pabrik dan zat-zat yang aman.
• Melaporkan kecelakaan.

CV Crane Course 6
"DUTY OF CARE“ SECTION 20
Duties of the employees
Tugas pekerja
EMPLOYEES MUST TAKE REASONABLE CARE OF
THEIR OWN SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK AND FOR
THE SAFETY AND HEALTH OF OTHER PEOPLE
KARYAWAN HARUS MENJAGA KESEHATAN &
KESELAMATAN DIRI SENDIRI DAN ORANG LAIN DI
TEMPAT KERJA

CV Crane Course 7
GENERAL DUTIES INCLUDE:
Following safety and health
instruction;
 Using suitable PPE;
 Taking care of equipment;
 Reporting hazards;
 Reporting work-related injuries;
 Co-operating with employers.
SECARA UMUM TUGASNYA
TERMASUK:
• Mengikuti petunjuk K3;
• Menggunakan APD yang sesuai;
• Merawat peralatan;
• Melaporkan bahaya;
• Melaporkan pekerjaan-terkait
dengan cedera;
• Bekerja sama dengan pemberi
kerja

CV Crane Course 8
OSH Legislation
Undang-Undang OSH
Write this down:
 N.O.H.S.C is the Certification
Standard. It is referenced in the
OSH Regs, which makes it law.
 People working on a construction
site are covered by OSH
Regulations.
 People working on a mine site are
covered by the Mines Safety &
Inspections Regulations
 All Lifting and Slinging gear is used
in accordance with Australian
Standards (AS)
Perlu dicatat:
• N.O.H.S.C adalah standar
sertifikasi. Hal ini disebutkan
dalam Regs OSH, yang
menjadikannya suatu undang-
undang
• Orang yang bekerja di lokasi
konstruksi dilindungi oleh
peraturan OSH.
• Orang yang bekerja di lokasi
tambang dilindungi oleh
peraturan keselamatan
pertambangan & peraturan
inspeksi
• Semua peralatan lifting & rigging
yang digunakan harus sesuai
dengan Standar Australia

CV Crane Course 9
DEFINITIONS
[NOHSC. 1006 (2001)] Schedule A
DOGGING:
The application of slinging
techniques including the
selection and inspection of
lifting gear, or the
directing of a crane
operator in the movement
of a load when the load is
out of the operator’s view.
• DOGGING:
Penerapan teknik slinging
termasuk pemilihan dan
pemeriksaan peralatan
lifting, atau mengarahkan
operator crane dalam
memindahkan beban
ketika beban keluar dari
pandangan operator.

CV Crane Course 10
DEFINITIONS
PENGERTIAN
SLINGING TECHNIQUES :
The exercising of
judgment in relation to the
suitability and condition of
lifting gear, and the
method of slinging,
considering the nature of
the load, it’s mass and it’s
centre of gravity.
• TEKNIK SLINGING:
Latihan pengambilan
keputusan terkait dengan
kelayakan dan kondisi
peralatan lifting dan
metoda slinging dengan
mempertimbangkan jenis
beban, massa, dan pusat
gravitasi

CV Crane Course 11
DEFINITIONS
PENGERTIAN
NON SLEWING MOBILE
CRANE (CN)
(Greater than 3 tonnes
capacity)
A mobile crane incorporating
a boom or jib which includes
articulated type mobile crane
but does not include vehicle
tow truck operations
NON SLEWING MOBILE
CRANE (CN)
(Kapasitas diatas 3 ton)
Sebuah mobile crane yang
menggabungkan boom atau jib
yang termasuk jenis mobile
crane tapi tidak termasuk
pengoperasian kendaraan truk
derek.

CV Crane Course 12
DEFINITIONS
PENGERTIAN
VEHICLE LOADING CRANES
(CV)
(Capacity- ten metre tonnes
and above)
Crane mounted on a vehicle
for the principal purpose of
loading and unloading such a
vehicle.
VEHICLE LOADING CRANES
(CV)
(Kapasitas 10 mater ton
keatas)
Crane terpasang di
kendaraan untuk tujuan
utama bongkar muat seperti
kendaraan.

CV Crane Course 13
DEFINITIONS
PENGERTIAN
HOW IS METRE/TONNE
CALCULATED?
Multiply the SWL x Working
Radius
Eg. If at 5m radius the SWL is 2
tonne
5 x 2 = 10 metre/tonne.
The calculation is applied to
each SWL on the chart to
determine if a vehicle crane
amounts 10 metre/tonne
BAGAIMANA MENGHITUNG
METER/TON?
Kalikan SWL x Working Radius
Contoh:
Jika pada radius 5m SWL
adalah 2 ton
5 x 2 = 10 meter/ton.
Perhitungan diterapkan untuk
setiap SWL pada tabel untuk
mengetahui apakah VC
kendaraan berjumlah 10
meter/ton

CV Crane Course 14
COURSE OBJECTIVES
TUJUAN KURSUS
Each participant should be able to:
 Develop basic crane operating
knowledge & skills.
 Determine the Safe Working Load
of slings.
 Select & inspect suitable lifting
gear.
 Identify various lifting accessories
& their use.
 Understand crane communication
procedures.
 Identify hazards associated with
lifting operations.
Setiap peserta harus dapat:
• Mengembangkan pengetahuan
dasar & keterampilan dalam
mengoperasikan crane.
• Menentukan SWL sling.
• Memilih & memeriksa peralatan
lifting yang sesuai.
• Mengidentifikasi berbagai
aksesoris lifting &
penggunaannya.
• Mengerti prosedur komunikasi
crane.
• Mengidentifikasi bahaya yang
berhubungan dengan lifting
operation.

CV Crane Course
A vehicle loading crane is a vehicle
mounted crane used for the
purpose of loading and unloading
the vehicle. Vehicle loading cranes
can be either knuckleboom or
telescopic/straight boom type.
`
Vehicle loading crane adalah
kendaraan yang sudah dipasangi
crane yang digunakan untuk tujuan
bongkar muat. Loading crane ini
dapat berupa knuckleboom atau
teleskopik / lurus tipe boom.

CV Crane Course
Vehicle loading cranes operate in a slightly
different way to other mobile cranes. On a
vehicle loading crane the outer section of the
boom (knuckle boom types) is in an upside
down position when secured for travel.
Because of this, the controls will result in
different movements depending on the
position of the boom sections.
When the outer boom is upside down the luff
control levers will cause this pat of the boom
to move in the opposite direction to when it is
in lifting mode.
Whenever using a vehicle loading crane you
must make sure you do not allow the boom to
luff or slew into the ‘exclusion zone’ –
directly above the operator control station (or
your head if operating the crane via remote).
Allowing the boom to move through the
exclusion zone is extremely dangerous as you
could be struck by the boom of the crane or
by the load itself.
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CV Crane Course
Any other workers in the area
must be kept out of the way of
the boom and load as well.
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CV Crane Course
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can help to reduce the effects or chance of being hurt.
PPE includes:
 Hard hats
 Ear muffs
 Safety goggles
 Boots
 Gloves
 Hi-visibility clothing
 Respiratory equipment
 Aprons
 Arm Guards
 UV protective clothing and sunscreen
MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE THE MINIMUM PPE REQUIRED AT ALL TIMES.
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CV Crane Course
Acts
Laws to protect the health, safety and welfare of people at work
Regulations
Gives more details or information on particular parts of the Act.
Codes of Practice
Are practical instructions on how to meet the terms of the Law.
Australian Standards
Gives you the minimum levels of performance or quality for a hazard, work process or
product.
OHS Legislation is defined as laws and guidelines to help keep your workplace safe.
These can be broken down into four main types:
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CV Crane Course
All personnel have a legal responsibility
under duty of care to do everything
reasonably practicable to protect others
from harm by complying with safe work
practices, including activities that require
licences, tickets or certificates of
competency or any other relevant state and
territory OHS requirements.
This includes:
Employers and self-employed persons
Persons in control of the workplace
Supervisors
Designers
Manufacturers
Suppliers
Workers
Inspectors
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CV Crane Course
Safe work practices are methods that must be
implemented to make sure a job is carried out as
safely as possible
Safe work practices include:
Day to day observation of OHS policies and
procedures
Emergency procedures
Risk assessment
Use of basic fire-fighting equipment
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CV Crane Course
Before starting the job you need to prepare
an operational plan. This needs to cover
the requirements of the job and how you
intend to carry out the work while
maintaining job/site procedures for the
following:
Job requirements
Operational priorities
Workplace rules
Safe operating procedures
Identification and control of hazards
Consult with relevant workplace personnel
such as OHS
officers before starting work to make sure
you are aware
of any workplace rules and site
procedures/requirements.
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CV Crane Course
A RISK is the chance of a hazard
hurting you or somebody else or
causing some damage.
A HAZARD is the thing or situation
that causes injury, harm or damage.
If you can remove or at least control
a HAZARD you can reduce the RISK
involved.
This is known as RISK
MANAGEMENT
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CV Crane Course
Risk management is the process of
reducing or managing the risks when
working with or with a hazard or in a
hazardous situation
Risk management is made up of the
following stages:
1.Hazard Identification
2.Risk Assessment
3.Consultation and Reporting
4.Hazard Control
5.Review
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CV Crane Course
Hazards need to be identified so that you can include hazard control measure in your work
plan.
You must review the work area before entry to make sure there are adequate clearances to
power lines and structures during the entry, exit and loading/unloading operations.
UP HIGH
 Overhead hazards (e.g. power lines, service pipes, trees, obstructions, buildings, bridges,
surrounding buildings and facilities, etc)
 Weather (e.g. wind, lightning, storms)
EYE LEVEL
 Insufficient lighting
 Dangerous materials
 Traffic (e.g. pedestrians, vehicles, plant)
 Shape, size or type of load to be moved
DOWN LOW
 Ground stability (eg. ground condition, recently filled trenches, slopes)
 Load bearing ability (eg. temporary formwork)
 Underground services
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CV Crane Course
To conduct a risk assessment of an identified
hazard you need to:
Determine the likelihood of the event
happening.
Determine the consequence if the event
should occur.
Determine the risk level (likelihood and
consequence combined) associated with the
hazard.
Risk assessment is made up of 3 factors:
Likelihood - Has the event happened before?
Is it likely to happen again?
Consequence - How severe is the outcome?
Risk Level - The combined result of likelihood
and consequence.
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CV Crane Course
Using a table similar to the
one shown here you can
assess how high the risk is,
and how soon you should act
to remove or control the
hazard.
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CV Crane Course
Consult with other associated workers such as
doggers or riggers to decide on the best course of
action to remove or control hazards. The hazard
control measures may impact on the way other
worker in the area do their jobs.
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CV Crane Course
Once you have identified
the hazards in the work
area, you need to make
every attempt to control
them.
The Hierarchy of Hazard
Control is the name given
to a range of control
methods used to
eliminate or control
hazards in the workplace.
The Hierarchy has 6
levels:
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CV Crane Course
Hazards should be re-assessed after the implementation of control measures. Make sure that all
control measures are applied in conjunction with the appropriate standards, such as:
Codes of practice
Legislation
Australian Standards e.g. AS 2550.1-2002 (6.5)
Manufacturer's specifications
Industry standards
Hazard control measures that could be used on site include:
Required PPE for all included personnel
Warning Signs
Barriers
Traffic Control
Lighting
Storage of Dangerous Materials
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CV Crane Course
Once a Hazard Control Strategy is in place you
should review the situation to see if the risk has
been reduced to an acceptable level, and if
there is more you can do to reduce the risk.
Often a number of strategies need to be used
together to reduce risk.
The acceptable level of risk is determined by an
organisation’s policy, goals and objectives
towards safety. Talk to your supervisor or health
and safety rep if you are
not sure about whether or not the risk has been
reduced enough
to carry out the work.
If you determine the risk to be at an
unacceptable level, the work
must not be carried out until the situation can
be reviewed by an
authorised person.
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CV Crane Course
Part of putting together a job plan includes
assessing the load itself. Different types of
loads will have different requirements for
safe lifting. Oversized or unusually shaped
loads always require tag lines.
You need to estimate the weight of the load
in consultation with associated personnel
such as doggers or riggers (where
applicable).
By identifying the weight of the load you will
be able to properly assess whether or not
the crane will be able to shift the load and
the limitations of operation of the crane. It is
extremely dangerous to attempt to lift a load
of unknown weight. You could cause
structural damage to the crane and damage
to the lifting gear and load.
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CV Crane Course
You can determine the weight of a load a number of ways. These include:
Checking with the driver who delivers the load. The weight may be marked on the delivery
docket or on a weighbridge certificate.
Checking for any manufacturer’s specifications or other relevant information that may list
the weight of the load.
Check the load itself. The weight may be marked on the load or the packaging it arrives in.
Calculating the weight of the load
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CV Crane Course
Some loads have specially
designed lifting points. These
points should be clearly marked
on the load. If you are unable to
sling the load at the specified
lifting points you must contact
the manufacturer to identify if
there are other acceptable
methods of lifting the load, or
consult an experienced dogger
or rigger.
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CV Crane Course
The table below lists the weights of common loads:
Aluminium 2.7t / cubic metre Granite 2.6t / cubic metre
Bricks 4.0t / 1000 Gypsum 2.3t / cubic metre
Bronze 8.5t / cubic metre Iron, ore 5.4t / cubic metre
Cast Iron 7.2t / cubic metre Lead 11.2t / cubic metre
Cement (25 bags) 1.0t Mild Steel 7.85t / cubic metre
Clay 1.9t / cubic metre Poly Pipe 1.1t / cubic metre
Coal 864kg / cubic metre Timber (hardwood) 1.1t / cubic metre
Concrete / Cement 2.4t / cubic metre Timber (soft) 0.6t / cubic metre
Copper 9.0t / cubic metre Water 1.0t / cubic metre
Earth 1.9t / cubic metre
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CV Crane Course
The load and working environment will determine the type of lifting gear that you need to use.
Mark in your plan the lifting gear that you intend to use along with the details of how you intend to
sling and control the load during the lift.
Lifting equipment includes all equipment associated with the lifting and moving of the load from
the hook down.
It includes:
Ropes
Chains
Slings
Shackles
Beams
Clamps
Other attachments that can be used to lift or secure a load.
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CV Crane Course
There are a number of attachments available to
shift different types of loads:
Inspect all attachments before you use them.
Make sure they are in safe working condition.
Once attached to the crane make sure they are
securely attached (check locking pins and
connections
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CV Crane Course
Your selection of lifting gear will depend on a number of
factors. Make sure the equipment you are using is
suitable for the shape, size, weight and requirements of
the load.
For example:
If the load is easily damaged you may choose
to use synthetic webbing slings.
If the load is bulky or has an uneven weight
disbursement you may need to use a lifting beam to
equalize the load.
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CV Crane Course
It is your responsibility to check all lifting gear
before you use it. Associated personnel such as
qualified doggers or riggers may also check the
lifting gear.
DO NOT USE ANY LIFTING GEAR THAT IS
DAMAGED OR IN POOR CONDITION.
Any equipment that is not safe to use should be
labeled and rejected. You may need to destroy
the equipment to prevent others from using it, or
return it to the manufacturer for testing, repairs
or replacement.
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CV Crane Course
Part of planning the job is to
check that the crane will be able
to shift the load safely. You need
to check the capability and
limitations of the crane.
CRANE CAPACITY
Refer to the crane chart to see if
the load can be safely shifted at
the required radius.
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CV Crane Course
Make sure the work area allows for you to be
able to extend the crane outriggers/stabilisers,
and that the ground will support the weight of the
crane and load.
Weather Conditions
You should also consider the weather as a factor.
Bad weather, strong winds and storms may affect
the ability of the crane and cause the load to
swing or become unstable during the shift.
Refer to the manufacturers specifications to
determine the crane’s capacity and limitations of
operation in poor weather conditions.
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CV Crane Course
Before starting work with the crane you need
to make sure the path of movement of the
load is clear of any obstructions.
Obstructions could include:
Equipment
Materials
Other vehicles, plant and personnel
Buildings and other structures
Check for any other obstructions that may be
in the way of the load as it moves through the
air.
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CV Crane Course
As a crane operator you need to be able to
communicate with those around you while you work,
and you need to be able to understand the instructions
to use the crane safely. These can include:
Manufacturer’s guidelines (instructions, specifications
or checklists)
•Industry operating procedures
•Workplace procedures (work instructions, operating
procedures, checklists).
You need to be able to communicate with those around
you while you work.
Workplace communications may take the form of:
•Verbal and non-verbal language
•Written instructions
•Signage
•Hand signals
•Whistle or buzzer signals
•Listening
•Questioning to confirm understanding and Appropriate
worksite protocol.
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CV Crane Course
Talk to the appropriate personnel (e.g.
supervisors, colleagues or managers who are
authorised to take responsibility for the
workplace or operations) to discuss the best
options for communication with doggers and
riggers.
To direct you, the dogger/rigger you may use:
Hand signals
Whistle or buzzer signals or
Two-way radio
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CV Crane Course
Before using the vehicle loading crane you will
need to check that it is in safe working order.
The routine checks should be carried out
according to procedures including:
The manufacturer’s guidelines
Industry operating procedures
Workplace procedures
Routine Checks include:
Visual and Pre-operational Checks (checks
done before the crane is started up)
Operational Checks (Checks made after the
crane is started up)
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CV Crane Course
Walk around the vehicle loading crane and check for:
Any signs of structural damage or wear such as flaking paint (a sign of overloading), dents,
cracks and rust.
Leaks under the truck or crane assembly
All signs and labels/decals are present and readable (crane chart, control labels and other
crane decals)
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CV Crane Course
 Tyre condition, pressure
 All fluid levels (engine oil, transmission fluid, hydraulic oil, brake fluid)
 Lubrication points for greasing
 Stabilisers and packing
 Lifting Hook for damage or wear
 Rope drum condition, wire rope spooling
 Crane security
 Hydraulic hoses for damage or leaks
 Fire extinguisher present
 Service logbook present, checked for maintenance records and defects
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CV Crane Course
The service logbook is used to record the service and maintenance history of the crane. All
defects must be recorded in the service logbook, along with any action taken to return the
crane to service. Do not start up the crane if previously reported defects have not been fixed.
The service logbook is also useful for checking that crane operators across numerous shifts
are conducting the correct routine checks in accordance with procedures.
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CV Crane Course
Crane is started according to manufacturer’s start-up procedure
 Stabilisers deploy correctly
 All crane movements tested to full extent (luffing, knuckling, hoisting, slewing,
extending/telescoping)
 All safety devices, lights, horn, limits
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CV Crane Course
The vehicle loading crane should be serviced by a competent person at intervals specified by
the manufacturer. It is common for all cranes to receive a 10 year complete servicing.
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CV Crane Course
Before starting any work that will require
communication equipment between you and a dogger
or rigger, you must make sure the communication
equipment is working correctly and that there is no
interference on the channel. If the communications
system is not working correctly you may need to use a
different method. If there is interference on the
frequency, switch to a different channel and test the
equipment again.
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CV Crane Course
If you find any faults or signs of tampering during the routine checks you must report and
record them according to workplace and industry procedures:
1. Immediately stop operating the crane
2. Isolate the crane and attach a danger tag to it
3. Record the fault in the service logbook
4. Report the fault to an authorised person for corrective action
5. Do not use the crane until it has been fixed and returned to service.
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CV Crane Course
In order to set up the crane for safe operation
you will need to:
1. Assess the ground conditions
2. Drive to the work area
3. Position the vehicle for work
4. Configure the boom/jib
5. Implement the required hazard control
measures
6. Test out your communication equipment
(where appropriate)
7. Prepare the lifting equipment for the work
8. Prepare the load destination so that it is
ready to safely receive and support the load
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CV Crane Course
Before setting up the vehicle loading crane
you need to make sure the ground will
support the weight of the crane and load.
The ground should be checked by a
competent person before setting up the
crane.
The crane could become unstable during
operation if the ground is rough, uneven or
soft. Backfilled trenches may not have
compacted completely and are dangerous to
set up the crane on.
Check to make sure there are no
underground services running through the
area where you plan to set up the crane. The
pressure of the equipment could cause
damage to the underground
services/pipes/cables.
You may need to use packing or mats under
the outriggers to make the crane stable on
soft ground.
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CV Crane Course
Different ground and soil types have different load bearing pressures depending on how
firm or dense they are:
Soil Type Load Bearing Pressure (tonnes p/m2)
Soft clay or loam 10
Ordinary clay and dry sand mixed with clay 20
Dry sand and dry clay 30
Hard clay and firm coarse sand 40
Firm coarse sand and gravel 50
Shale rock and sandstone 80
Hard rock 200
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CV Crane Course
You must also check the load bearing limits of
suspended concrete floors, building roofs and
landings if loads or equipment is going to be
resting on them.
When setting up in an area where the ground or
soil value cannot be identified (e.g. on a bitumen
or concrete road) you should:
Calculate the bearing area required using the
lowest soil value (e.g. soft clay or loam)
Check to see if the outrigger sinks into the ground
before lifting
Make sure the stabilisers are constantly checked
and repacked with more packing if necessary

CV Crane Course
If you are satisfied that the
ground at the work area is
suitable for the crane operation,
drive the crane to the work area
and begin to set up. Maintain
safe speeds while making your
way to the work area in
accordance with site rules.
Watch out for pedestrians, and
give way to any other vehicular
traffic on site.
If the truck has flashing amber
lights, turn them on to warn
others of your approach.
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CV Crane Course
Once the vehicle loading crane is in position
you need to deploy the outriggers. Outriggers
(sometimes called stabilisers) are used to
keep the crane stable during operation.
Stabilisers can be used to get the crane level
on uneven surfaces, or can be used with
packing to help distribute the weight of the
truck, crane and load on softer ground.
The outriggers need to be fully extended,
unless they are also being used to level the
machine.
Never reset the outriggers while the crane is in
use, this can cause major instability.
Remember to avoid soft ground, sloping
surfaces or other conditions that may affect
the stability of the vehicle loading crane.
`

CV Crane Course
Selecting the correct packing is important. There are different kinds and sizes of packing
available:
 Steel plates
 Mats on timber planks (pig sty packing)
 Concrete rafts
Pig sty packing should be arranged so that each layer is at a 90 degree angle to the one
before.
`

CV Crane Course
The formula to work out the required size of packing in metres squared is:
W = Load plus half the mass of the boom (in tonnes)
R = Distance from load to back wheel support (in metres)
B = Distance from end of outrigger to back wheels (in metres)
N = Number of outriggers on the loaded side; and
V = Soil bearing pressure (in tonnes per square metre).
`

CV Crane Course
If the vehicle loading crane is being set up on a sloping surface, position the
outriggers/stabilisers on the lower sloping side first, again making sure the area is clear of
personnel before lowering the outriggers/stabilisers. This will allow you to level the vehicle
and then engage the remaining stabilisers.
`

CV Crane Course
Note: Not all cranes are fitted with a crane computer. Check the operator’s manual for the
crane you are using to see if it has a crane computer installed.
The crane computer (load limiting/indicating system) is used to warn you in situations where
the crane is overloaded or likely to become unstable. Before lifting the load you should enter
the relevant details into the crane computer (where applicable) including the load chart
number or outrigger extension, number of falls of rope, fly jib being used, where they are not
automatically detected.
`

CV Crane Course
Once the vehicle loading crane has been set up it is important to put any hazard control
measures into place.
Hazard controls may include:
Safety tags on electrical switches/isolators
Insulated power lines
Safety observer used inside exclusion zone
Disconnected power
Traffic barricades and controls
Illumination/lighting requirements
Pedestrian and traffic controls
Trench covers
Movement of obstructions
Personal protective equipment
`

CV Crane Course
Before starting work you need to make sure any communication equipment you are using
(phones, radios) are working properly on site. Check for interference and make sure you
are not interfering with other workers on site who may also be using radios.
`

CV Crane Course
Once you have decided on the type of lifting
gear you are going to use you should assemble
it as required. For example attaching slings to
lifting beams using shackles.
All lifting equipment should be used according
to procedures including: Manufacturer’s
guidelines, safe operating procedures and
workplace procedures.
Associated personnel such as doggers or riggers
could also assemble the lifting gear.
`

CV Crane Course
The load destination could be:
 The ground
 Loading platforms
 Suspended floors or
 Vehicles
Make sure that the load destination is tidy and ready to receive the load. Check that the load
will be supported by the load destination. You may need to set up blocks or chocks to
keep the load stable once it is lowered and allow you to safely remove the lifting gear
without it being damaged or crushed by the weight of the load.
`

CV Crane Course
Once you know the weight of the load you need to make sure the crane will be able to safely
shift it. Refer to the crane load chart for information on how much the crane can lift at any
given radius.
If the crane chart is unreadable from age or wear you must not operate the crane. Have the
crane chart replaced before attempting to lift anything with the crane.
Crane charts or load charts contain the details of the crane and the information you need to
properly calculate the crane’s capacity in any given configuration.

CV Crane Course
This information includes:
 Mass of the hook block
 Winch line pull in tonnes or kilograms
 Safe Working Load (SWL) for a given crane configuration (crane radius and boom length).

CV Crane Course
One of the most important things you need to know in order to work out the crane’s capacity
is the operating radius. This is the distance of the hook from a known point on the crane at
which a crane can operate safely with a known load.

CV Crane Course
If a crane with the load chart shown above was required to pick up a load at a radius of
12m, the maximum allowable weight of the load would be 1000kg (using the 13.8m
radius rating). This is determined by using the boom length equal to or longer than the
required radius (whichever the case may be). Reducing the operating radius increases the
amount that can be safely lifted.
Before attempting to lift anything you need to calculate to the amount of weight that the
crane will be lifting. This includes:
The weight of the hook block
The weight of any lifting attachments
The weight of the load.

CV Crane Course
Make sure that the load can be lifted at the required radius.
If a heavy load is to be lifted you must reduce the operating angle of the crane and allow for
boom deflection. Boom deflection is the slight bending of the boom under the weight of the
load. Boom deflection can result in a slight increase in the operating radius, which reduces
the amount of weight that can be safely lifted by the crane.
DO NOT EVER EXCEED THE SAFE WORKING LOAD AT A GIVEN RADIUS

CV Crane Course
Attach the lifting gear to the crane hook. If the lifting gear does
not fit over the bill of the hook use a shackle to attach the gear to
the hook. Make sure the shackle is big enough to comfortably
hang from the hook with enough space for slings or other
equipment.

CV Crane Course
The crane hook should be
positioned above the centre of
gravity of the load. This will
help to keep the load from
swinging out of control or
slipping from the sling
arrangement when it is lifted
Get the dogger or rigger to
guide you to make sure the
crane hook is positioned
correctly above the load.

CV Crane Course
Attach the lifting equipment to the load making sure that any sharp corners are packed to
prevent any unnecessary damage to slings or the load.
Check the manufacturers specifications for special loads to locate specially designed lifting
points. If the load has specified lifting points always attach lifting gear at those points.

CV Crane Course
The way you sling the load will depend
on the size, shape and requirements of
the load. Some slinging techniques
reduce the WLL of the slings. Make
sure you have allowed for the
reduction when you are selecting the
slings and lifting equipment for the job.

CV Crane Course
The lifting capacity of a sling for a straight lift is the WLL. Once the WLL has been altered
due to a particular slinging method such as an increase in the angle between two legs or a
reeve it is then referred to as the safe working load (SWL).
The lifting capacity decreases as the angle between the legs of the sling attachment
increases. Different methods of slinging will also alter the lifting capacity.

CV Crane Course
A simple rule of thumb for a good safe working angle is to
make sure that the horizontal distance between the points
of attachment of the load does not exceed the length of
the slings.
This will ensure that the angle between the two legs of the
sling does not exceed 60°. At 60° the slings will lift only
1.73 the WLL of one sling.

CV Crane Course
The recommended maximum angle between the two legs of a sling is 90°. The
recommended maximum angle between the vertical and any leg of a sling is 45°. At 90°
the slings will lift 1.41 times the WLL of one sling.
When slinging a rigid object with a multi-legged sling it must be assumed that only two of
the sling legs are taking the load. Additional legs do not increase the SWL of the sling
assembly. Therefore each leg has to be capable of taking half of the weight of the load.
The SWL of a multi-legged sling assembly is assessed on the diagonally opposite legs, which
have the largest included angle.

CV Crane Course
The SWL of slings decreases as the angle between the slings increases or if
the slings are nipped or reeved. All factors must be considered when
determining which sling is the correct one to lift a given load.
Remember that the rule of thumb method of working out the SWL of slings is
not completely accurate. For an accurate SWL refer to the manufacturer’s
load charts.
Included Angle Load Factor
60 degrees 1.73
90 degrees 1.41
120 degrees 1

CV Crane Course
When using multiple
slings, always use a bow
shackle large enough to
accommodate all of the
eyes safely on the bow.
The pin of the shackle
should rest on the hook.
Uncollared eyebolts
should only be used with
straight lifts. If the sling is
set at an angle to the
uncollared eyebolt the
sideways pull on the
eyebolt could cause it to
fail.

CV Crane Course
Collared eyebolts should always face the same direction so that angled slings are pulling sideways.
Where two eyebolts are used to lift a load, a pair of slings should be shackled into them. Do not
reeve a single sling through two eyebolts and then put both eyes on the hook.

CV Crane Course
Check that all shackles or eye bolts are secure, and if
necessary lashed or moused.
Mousing is done by passing a couple of turns of wire
through the hole provided for this purpose in the
unthreaded end of the pin and around the body of
the shackle's hoop.

CV Crane Course
Before moving the load it is important to conduct a test lift. A
test lift is done by lifting the load just slightly off the lifting
plane (e.g. ground or truck). You (or associated personnel e.g.
doggers and riggers) will be able to determine if the load is
correctly slung by the amount of movement of the load as it is
lifted.
If the load dramatically shifts to one side you should be able
to identify where the centre of gravity is. Lower the load, then
re-arrange the lifting gear or re-sling the load as required and
conduct another test lift. This process may need to be
repeated especially if the load has an unusual shape or load
distribution.

CV Crane Course
Continue this process until you and any associated personnel are satisfied that the load
will be able to be moved safely.
Test lifts can be used to ensure that:
 near capacity loads do not overload the crane
 loads of unusual shape or weight distribution are correctly slung
 load measuring equipment can be used to verify the calculated weight of the load
 all crane equipment is functioning properly
 adjustments to the slinging can be made in a safe manner
Sometimes the only way of determining the load’s
centre of gravity is to conduct a test lift.

CV Crane Course
Once you are satisfied that the load is
ready to be moved safely, begin the lift.
You must constantly monitor the
movement of the load. If your view is
obstructed, get a competent person to
warn you of any hazards in the path of the
load.

CV Crane Course
Where necessary follow the directions given
by the person dogging the load. They may
use hand or whistle signals to direct you. If at
any point you are unsure of the directions
being given to you, stop and confirm the
instructions with the dogger/rigger.
Make sure all crane movements are
controlled and smooth. Don’t try to move
the load too fast, especially when luffing or
slewing at the maximum operating radius.
Jerky movements could cause the load to
swing, increasing the operating radius to a
dangerous length resulting in truck instability
or structural damage to the crane.

CV Crane Course
Always operate the crane according to procedures.
For example:
 Manufacturer’s guidelines (instructions, crane charts /specifications or checklists)
 Industry operating procedures
 Workplace procedures (work instructions, operating procedures, checklists)
Always check the load chart to determine if the crane will remain stable throughout the lift,
especially when slewing the load over the truck cabin (with cranes mounted directly behind the
cabin).
Never drag or snig the load. It could:
 Cause structural damage to the crane
 Cause the load to swing
 Cause the load to topple over

CV Crane Course
If associated personnel are involved in the lift, the dogger/rigger may use a tagline to keep
the load under control during the shift. Dry natural fibre ropes should be used as taglines to
reduce conductivity. If taglines are being used you should consider the following:
Weather conditions
Electrical hazards
Changeover of tagline
PPE of person holding the tagline
Make sure the tagline does not become fouled or caught up
on any obstructions
Make sure the tagline is at least 16mm diameter

CV Crane Course
Never under any circumstances allow a person to ride
on the hook of the crane.
Any personnel should be lifted in an approved
suspended work box that meets all of the necessary
requirements of the workplace, crane manufacturer
and AS 2550 and AS1418.17

CV Crane Course
 Keep an eye on the weather conditions around the crane. Bigger loads may catch the
wind causing them to unsafely swing around and move beyond the crane’s safe operating
radius causing instability or structural damage to the crane.
 Check the manufacturer’s operating manual for guidance on what wind speeds are
acceptable to operate the crane safely in.
 If a severe electrical storm is approaching you should lower the load and pack up the
crane. Do not operate the crane during an electrical storm.
 If it begins to rain heavily and you have to stop operating the crane for a period of time
you must re-check the ground conditions before recommencing work. If the ground has
become unsuitable you must move the crane to a new position.

CV Crane Course
Land the load at the prepared load destination.
The load destination should be prepared to ensure that the load it is stable and secure from
movement once landed.
Loads should be landed on blocks or packing (where necessary) to allow the safe removal of
the lifting gear.

CV Crane Course
Round loads should be chocked to prevent the load from rolling or shifting once the lifting
gear is removed. Lifting equipment should be properly stored or prepared for the next task.
No load should be allowed to remain suspended on the hook if the crane is going to be left
unattended. It is against regulations.
If the hook has landed on the ground from too much slack in the hoist rope you should luff
the boom up or telescope the boom out to make sure the weight of the hook is on the rope
during the re-spooling of the rope onto the hoist drum.

CV Crane Course
In an emergency you can use the crane’s emergency stop function. This will cut all power to
the crane effectively shutting it down on the spot. To reactivate the emergency stop function
it generally needs to be pulled back up.
Unplanned or unsafe situations can include:
 failure/loss of control (e.g. brakes, steering)
 failure of equipment (e.g. hydraulic system)
 environmental conditions (e.g. wind, lightning, storms, etc.)

CV Crane Course
ABNORMAL NOISES AND MOVEMENTS
If at any time during the shifting of loads the is an abnormal movement of the boom or hoist, or
abnormal noises you should immediately stop using the crane.
CRANE INSTABILITY
If the stabiliser/outrigger pad begins to sink into the ground during crane operation you must
immediately lower the load to a safe position and re-assess the ground conditions. You may need
to add more packing under the stabiliser/outrigger or move the crane to more suitable ground.

CV Crane Course
If during operation one of the hydraulic hoses develops a bubble you should lower the load
into a safe position, stop work, tag the vehicle loading crane and report the defect to an
authorised person.
Do not use the crane until the hose has been replaced.
ELECTROCUTION
If the dogger touches the crane hook and begins to shake around like they are being electrocuted
you should try and raise the hook block up to break contact with the dogger. Notify an authorised
person and begin first aid response as per workplace procedures.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS

CV Crane Course
If at any time the load becomes unstable, stop and lower
the load (if safe to do so), address the reason for the
instability (lifting gear, crane, weather conditions).

CV Crane Course
An accident resulting in personal injury or damage to property; or
A near miss or dangerous occurrence which does not cause injury but may pose an
immediate and significant risk to persons or property, and needs to be reported so that
action can be taken to prevent recurrence.
ALL INCIDENTS MUST BE REPORTED!

CV Crane Course
Site Emergencies may include:
 Fire (electrical, chemical, gas, mechanical, paper, wood or natural)
 Gas leak
 Toxic and/or flammable vapors emission
 Vehicle/machine accident
 Chemical spill
 Injury to personnel
 Structural collapse
DIAL ‘000’ IF THERE IS AN EMERGENCY

CV Crane Course
In the case of an emergency:
1. Remain calm
2. Raise the alarm with your supervisor and/or first aid officer
3. Get help from emergency services (Dial 000)
4. Evacuate if necessary (refer to site emergency plans)

CV Crane Course
When calling emergency services (Dial 000) let the operator know
the following details:
• Where the emergency is
• What has happened
• What is being done to solve the emergency
• Your name
Do not hang up the phone until you have been given instructions
on how to proceed.

CV Crane Course
First Aid kits must be supplied by your employer. The
location of these kits should be clearly marked with
signage.
In the case of an emergency where somebody
requires first aid notify your supervisor or first aid
officer and they will take action.

CV Crane Course
Depending on the nature and severity of the situation
you may need to report to:
 Your supervisor
 Emergency services (e.g. Police, Ambulance, Fire
Brigade and Emergency Rescue)
 OHS regulatory authority (e.g. WorkSafe,
WorkCover)
Ask your OHS representative, supervisor at the site
office for the relevant forms and procedures for
reporting hazards, incidents and injuries.

CV Crane Course
Incident report forms are available for recording the details of incidents in the workplace

CV Crane Course
Always refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for the correct
shut down procedure for the vehicle loading crane.
PACK UP LIFTING EQUIPMENT
All lifting equipment, including attachments, should be removed
from the boom, inspected and stored on the vehicle in its correct
location.

CV Crane Course
Check the crane to make sure it was not damaged during use. Check the structure,
hydraulics and safety devices. Post-operational checks are important to make sure the crane
is ready for the next crane operator.
Refer to the service logbook or daily inspection checklist for a list of items that should be
checked on the crane.
Shown here is an example of a routine post-operational check of the
vehicle loading crane:
•Check the condition of timbers used for ‘pig sty’ packing
•Check all hydraulic lines and cylinders for leaks or damage
•Check the entire length of the boom for any signs of damage
•Check the hinge points of the boom for defects to hinge pins and
locking devices
•Check stabilisers for damage

CV Crane Course
Stow and secure boom according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Secure the boom
using the relevant motion locks and brakes (hoist and slew locks). Secure the hook as per
manufacturer’s specifications.

CV Crane Course
The securing and stowing of outriggers require
special attention:
 Retract the outrigger footplates
 Retract the outrigger beams
 If applicable, lock in the outriggers with the
correct pins
 Clean the steel plates, and
 Place ‘pig sty’ packing either on the carrier
or in a designated storage area which will be
available for future access.

CV Crane Course
Once the crane has been shut down according to
procedures you should:
 Secure any loads on the vehicle and attach
warning flags on any oversized load.
 Secure the crane hook according to
procedures.
 Pack up any hazard control measures that are
no longer required, according to procedures.
 Drive safely away from the work area keeping
an eye out for any obstructions, pedestrians,
vehicles, facilities or other hazards that may be
present.

CV Crane Course
UNDERGROUND SERVICES
Check for any underground services to
make sure the weight of the crane and
load will not crush or damage them.

CV Crane Course
CORRECT USE OF PACKING
Outriggers should be correctly
packed to help evenly
distribute the load (especially
on bitumen).

CV Crane Course
PROTECT MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC
Whenever moving materials around members
of the general public you must make sure
there are sufficient hazard control measures in
place. For example using barriers to isolate the
work area or installing gantry platforms if
moving loads over the top of walkways that
cannot be isolated.

CV Crane Course
TRAFFIC CONTROL
You may need to organize for traffic to be diverted from
the work area using signs, barriers, cones and a flag
person/traffic controller.

CV Crane Course
CLEARANCE FROM OBSTRUCTIONS
Make sure you are not working too close
to power lines. Use a spotter if you are
getting close to the exclusion zones. Make
sure there is sufficient clearance from
awnings or other obstructions/structures
in and around the work area.

AST- CV Crane Work Safe.ppt

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