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NewBase Energy News 01 September 2022 No. 1544 Senior Editor Eng. Khaed Al Awadi
NewBase for discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE
Qatar to build world’s largest blue ammonia facility
QatarEnergy + NewBase
QatarEnergy’s affiliates, QatarEnergy Renewable Solutions and Qatar Fertiliser Company (Qafco)
signed agreements today for the construction of the Ammonia-7 Project, the industry’s first world-
scale and largest blue ammonia project.
QatarEnergy Renewable Solutions (owned 100% by QatarEnergy) and Qafco (owned 100% by
QatarEnergy’s subsidiary, Industries Qatar which is listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange), have
joined hands to establish the Ammonia-7 Project, which will have a capacity of 1.2 million tons per
annum (MTPA) of blue ammonia, making it the world’s largest such facility.
With a targeted start-up date of Q1 2026, the new plant will be located in Mesaieed Industrial City
(MIC) and will be operated by Qafco as part of its integrated facilities.
The announcement was made during a ceremony held today at QatarEnergy’s headquarters in
Doha to sign the project agreements, including the engineering, procurement, and construction
(EPC) contract. Valued at approximately 1 billion USD, the EPC contract was awarded to a
consortium of ThyssenKrupp and Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC).
The ceremony was attended by Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi, the Minister of State for Energy Affairs,
President & CEO of QatarEnergy, Abdulrahman Al-Suwaidi, the CEO of Qafco, Martina Merz, CEO
Thyssenkrupp AG, Dr Cord Landsmann, CEO Thyssenkrupp Uhde, and Oussama El-Jerbi, CCC
Area Managing Director (Qatar), as well as senior executives of QatarEnergy. Qafco, ThyssenKrupp
and CCC. Blue ammonia is produced when the CO2 generated during conventional ammonia
production is captured and stored. Blue ammonia, which can be transported using conventional
ships, can then be used in power stations to produce low-carbon electricity.

According to the agreement, QatarEnergy Renewable Solutions will: (i) develop and manage
integrated CCS facilities capable of capturing and sequestering about 1.5 million tons of CO2 per
annum, to cater for the new Ammonia-7 plant; (ii) supply more than 35 MW of renewable electricity
to the Ammonia-7 facility from its PV Solar Power Plant in MIC, which is currently under construction;
(iii) develop and lead the process for certifying the product produced by the Ammonia-7 facility as
Blue Ammonia, with the involvement of leading industry experts and relevant independent bodies;
and (iv) be the sole off-taker and marketer of all Blue Ammonia produced by Ammonia-7.
QatarEnergy Renewable Solutions is a wholly owned affiliate of QatarEnergy charged with investing
in and marketing of renewable energy and sustainability products and solutions within the State of
Qatar and across the globe. Qafco is the world’s largest integrated single-site producer of Ammonia
and urea, with a current production capacity of approximately 4 MTPA of Ammonia and 6 MTPA of
urea.
The investment in blue ammonia and the
expanded CCS facilities are part of the
steps QatarEnergy is taking to deliver on
its sustainability strategy, which
emphasises QatarEnergy’s commitment,
as a major energy producer, to the
responsible production of clean and
affordable energy to facilitate the energy
transition.
The strategy stipulates multiple initiatives
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
including flagship projects such as the
further deployment of carbon capture
and storage technology to capture over
11 million tons per annum of CO2 in Qatar
by 2035.
Thyssenkrupp to build world-
scale blue ammonia plant in
Qatar
Thyssenkrupp Uhde has won a new
contract from QatarEnergy’s affiliate,
Qatar Fertiliser Company (Qafco), for the
engineering, procurement, construction
and commissioning of a world-scale
ammonia plant, capable of producing its full output as blue ammonia.
The contract was signed on August 31, 2022, and the plant is planned to be completed by the first
quarter of 2026. The project is realised in a consortium with Consolidated Contractors Company
(CCC), a leading construction company in the Middle East.
Thanks to the uhde ammonia technology, the single-train plant will have a record capacity of 3,500
metric tons/day. This further enhances thyssenkrupp Uhde’s strong position in the mega-scale
market, said a statement.

Martina Merz, CEO thyssenkrupp AG: “thyssenkrupp has a long-standing business relationship with
Qatar, and we are delighted to sign this contract today. With our proven technology and innovation
expertise we are laying the foun-dation towards sustainable solutions jointly with our customers.”
Dr Cord Landsmann, CEO thyssenkrupp Uhde: “The ongoing trust of our esteemed customer
clearly shows that we can deliver solutions for the rising demand in clean ammonia, be it blue or
green, be it as fertilizer or as transport medium for hydrogen.
With our well-proven uhde® dual pressure technology, clean ammonia can be produced in large
quantities and we are very proud to be QatarEnergy’s and QAFCO’s partner in this lighthouse
project. We are ready for the green transformation.”
Thyssenkrupp Uhde has over 100 years of experience in engineering and building of chemical
plants, more than 2,500 in total. Among the 130 ammonia plants built are some of the largest plants
worldwide, frequently setting new industry standards such as the uhde dual pressure technology.
Besides the fertilizer industry,
thyssenkrupp Uhde is also
targeting the clean energy market
with its clean ammonia
technologies and is also
completing the value chain by
offering ammonia storage and
ammonia cracking solutions
being relevant for the transition
towards clean energy.
In the fertilizer industry,
thyssenkrupp Uhde is a full
solutions provider with highest
standards and leading technolo-
gies supporting the move
towards more sustainability.
Slow-release technologies such
as urease inhibitors or envi-
ronmental-friendly PLA-coating
help to meet highest emission
standards.
Scrubbing units or ACT
(ammonia convert technology) in
UFT Fluid Bed Urea Granulation
minimize dust and ammonia
emissions, and EnviNOx®
reactors in nitric acid plants
enable a nearly complete
removal of NOx and N2O
emissions. All these technologies
are tailor-made to customer’s
requirements and are offered in fully flexible execution types covering scopes from pure licensing
to full EPC.

UAE:Adnoc sends first low-carbon ammonia cargo to Germany
The National – B.Augustine + NewBAse
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) said on Thursday that its first ever shipment of low-carbon
ammonia has left the UAE bound for Hamburg, Germany.
The demonstration cargo will be delivered to Aurubis, a global provider of non-ferrous metals and
one of the largest copper recyclers worldwide, that has its headquarters in Hamburg, the company
said in a statement.
On arrival in Germany, Hamburger Hafen und Logistik (HHLA), one of Europe’s leading logistics
companies will handle the cargo.
Produced by Fertiglobe, a partnership between Adnoc and OCI, at its Fertil plant in Abu Dhabi’s
Ruwais industrial complex, the demonstration cargo is the first of several test cargoes sold to
customers in Germany as Adnoc expands its strategic energy partnership across the hydrogen
value chain.
“This demonstration cargo of low-carbon ammonia builds upon the long-standing bilateral
relationship between the UAE and Germany and our growing partnership in clean energy," Dr Sultan
Al Jaber, UAE Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology and Adnoc managing director and
Fertil Plant at Ruwais Industrial Complex Abu Dhabi. Photo: Adnoc

group chief executive said. "It highlights Adnoc’s expanding role as a trusted exporter of low-carbon
fuels, as the UAE focuses on the industrial growth opportunities within the energy transition."
The cargo follows a number of similar low-carbon ammonia sales that have been made to customers
in Asia. Adnoc sold its first shipment of blue ammonia to Japanese trading house Itochu in August
last year followed by similar deals with Japan's Idemitsu and Inpex.
Aurubis plans to utilise the low-carbon ammonia as
a feedstock in its wire rod plant, testing its
application as an additional, lower-carbon energy
source for industrial utilisation. The hydrogen it
contains has the potential to be a low-carbon
energy alternative for the energy-intensive
processes in multi-metal production, Adnoc said.
“This first trial shipment of low-carbon ammonia
from Adnoc represents an important milestone in
our long-term vision for hydrogen solutions that will
help meet our decarbonisation goals,” said Roland
Harings, chief executive of Aurubis.
This shipment is another important milestone in
the planned scale-up of hydrogen and low-carbon
ammonia production capabilities in Abu Dhabi,
where Adnoc is developing a new world-scale 1
million tonnes per annum low-carbon ammonia
plant at Ta’ziz, the chemicals, industrial services and logistics hub in the Ruwais Industrial Complex,
Adnoc said.
“It highlights Adnoc’s expanding role as a trusted exporter of low-carbon fuels, as the UAE focuses
on the industrial growth opportunities within the energy transition,” Dr Al Jaber said.
During the visit of Robert Habeck, Germany’s Vice Chancellor and Federal Minister for Economic
Affairs and Climate Action to the UAE in March 2021, Adnoc signed agreements with a number of
German companies to explore opportunities for collaboration in low-carbon and renewable
hydrogen derivatives.
“Our collaboration with customers in Germany also underlines Adnoc’s ambitious growth plans for
the production of clean hydrogen, and its carrier fuels such as ammonia, which will play a critical
role in decarbonising hard-to-abate industrial sectors,” Dr Al Jaber said.
Germany’s national hydrogen strategy expects an import demand for clean hydrogen of
approximately 3 million tons per annum (mtpa) by 2030 and up to 15 mtpa by 2050 when, according
to research from the Hydrogen Council, hydrogen could meet up to 18 per cent of the world’s energy
demand.
Building on its position as an early mover in the production of hydrogen, Adnoc plans to significantly
grow its hydrogen production in support of the UAE’s ambition to supply up to 25 per cent of imported
hydrogen in key global markets.
Low-carbon ammonia is the most promising at-scale hydrogen carrier and potential clean fuel for a
wide range of applications, including transportation, power generation and industrial, including steel,
cement, and fertiliser production. It is made from nitrogen and clean hydrogen derived from natural
gas feedstocks, with the carbon dioxide by-product from hydrogen production captured and stored.

Mideast Diesel Floods Europe in Taster of Trading Without Russia
Prejula Prem, Bloomberg News
Oil refineries in the Middle East are ramping up diesel deliveries to Europe, giving the continent an
early glimpse of how it might fare without supplies from Russia.
About 435,000 barrels a day of diesel-type fuels are expected to arrive at European ports from the
Middle East, this month, according to tanker tracking and Vortexa Ltd. data compiled by Bloomberg.
That’s the highest since at least the start of 2019.
Europe will ban imports of diesel fr om Russia starting early February as punishment for the
country’s invasion of Ukraine. While that’s still five months away, the restriction will be felt far sooner
in the trading market.
The measure will create an acute need for deliveries from elsewhere since Russia has long been
Europe’s top external supplier. The “Middle East is likely to be a prime supplier” this winter, said
Steve Sawyer, director of refining at industry consultant FGE, who expects European demand to
rise year-on-year by then.
Europe’s own diesel supplies may be curbed during routine maintenance work at the region’s oil
refineries this Autumn. There could also be increased burning of the fuel for power generation amid
soaring prices for natural gas because of reduced flows from Russia.

India: Coal shortage forces metal makers to switch to green E.
Bloomberg + NewBase
The metals industry in India is willing to invest in renewable energy and build solar plants, says
Greenko Energy Holdings . Coal shortage is a big factor that is accelerating India's energy transition
to renewable power
India’s metal producers are speeding up their transition to renewable power after a coal crisis led to
a supply crunch and sky-high prices of the fossil fuel, according to Greenko Energy Holdings.
GIC-backed Greenko, one of India’s largest renewable energy companies, signed an agreement
earlier this month with Hindalco Industries Ltd. to provide carbon-free electricity to the aluminium
producer’s Odisha smelter for 25 years, following a similar deal with ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India
Ltd.
Greenko is now in talks with two to
three other metal producers for
round-the-clock power supply, co-
founder Mahesh Kolli said,
declining to name the companies.
The coal crisis is “a big factor that
accelerated this transition” to
renewable power from coal-based
energy usage, Mr Kolli said in an
interview. The metals industry in
India is willing to invest in
renewable energy and build solar
plants, adding a big funding source
for clean energy, he said.
The country is emerging from an
acute power crisis after a blistering
summer and a post-pandemic
industrial revival, which spurred
electricity demand and overwhelmed domestic coal output. That prompted some metal producers
to scour global markets for supplies, where prices are trading near record levels.
The increased expenses slashed profits of some of the biggest mills in India at a time when
commodity prices were rallying to multi-year highs. They are now exploring ways to minimise their
dependence on coal, with renewable energy looking more attractive.
“In this carbon-free energy that we are giving, this price is fixed for the next 25 years,” Kolli said.
“So now at least when the price goes up, they benefit a lot.”
Founded in 2004, Hyderabad-based Greenko develops solar, wind and hydro power projects with
7.5 gigawatts of operating capacity across 15 states in India. Aside from GIC, it counts Abu Dhabi
Investment Authority and Japan’s Orix Corp. as investors.
Greenko uses hydro-pumped storage technology to ensure round-the-clock power to the mills.
Unlike Europe and the US, where storage costs are high, developers in India have been following
a similar model to China and have managed to control the expenses using this cheaper technology,
Kolli said.

Greenko expects to benefit as India’s renewable market opens up due to rapid industrial
decarbonisation. Currently, India’s renewable energy market is dominated by state-run power
utilities as the government has ordered them to buy a certain percentage of clean electricity.
To spur industrial carbon reduction efforts, India’s power ministry has changed rules to allow large
power consumers to buy green electricity directly from a supplier of their choice without having to
pay heavy charges to the state distribution utilities.
India toward Green
India gets around 74.4% of its electricity from coal-fuelled power plants, which frequently run out of
coal and rely on expensive imports. The incentive to switch to low and zero carbon energy is driven
by the simple economic reality that in India renewable energy is now cheaper to generate than
electricity produced from burning coal. Yet, the task is immense.
India plans to install 450GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 and is hungry for inward
investment, relying heavily on the patient capital of global sovereign wealth funds and public pension
funds.
Currently, renewable generation is 158GW, suggesting an average of 42GW needs to be added
every year to reach the end-decade target. India’s government has committed the country to net
zero emissions by 2070.
With a population of 1.38 billion and growing, India is the world’s fourth biggest emitter after China,
the US and the European Union. Yet, it has some of the lowest per capita carbon dioxide emissions,
at 1.9 tonnes per person in 2019 com pared with 5.5 tonnes in the UK and 16 tonnes in the US.

Europe Crisis Shows Coal’s Value, South Africa Minister Says
Bloomberg + NewBase
South Africa’s energy minister dismissed the notion that renewable electricity can bring an end to
years of rolling blackouts, pointing to Europe’s pivot back to the use of fossil fuels as evidence of
the constraints of using green energy.
had limitations when it came to meeting South Africa’s needs, such as supplying mines, Mineral
Resources and Energy Minister Gwede Mantashe said.
“The excitement of moving from coal to renewables is becoming a myth,” Mantashe, a former miner
and labor-union leader, said in an interview Tuesday in his office in Pretoria, the capital. “Many think
that renewables are the so-called savior, and we know that it is not. Germany has learnt that
painfully.”
South Africa relies on coal to generate more than 80% of its electricity, and has been subjected to
intermittent outages since 2008 because state utility Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd. can’t meet demand
from its old and poorly maintained plants.
While the government has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050 and
taken steps to increase purchases of renewable power from private producers, it’s encountered
opposition from Mantashe and unions that represent coal miners and fear job losses.

The burning of coal represents the biggest single obstacle to meeting the Paris Agreement goal of
limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres
calls it a “deadly addiction.” Australia, South Korea and South Africa lead the world in polluting by
using the world’s dirtiest fossil fuel when you adjust for population size, according to energy and
climate research organization Ember.
Still, the argument for the continued use of fossil fuels has gained traction as Europe grapples with
its worst energy crisis in decades, with Russia down-scaling natural gas deliveries to the region,
France contending with nuclear power-plant outages and electricity prices reaching record highs.
Germany, which has the European Union’s biggest economy, and other countries intend restarting
mothballed coal-fired power plants and extending the life of their nuclear facilities to reduce their
reliance on Russian gas and coal following its invasion of Ukraine.
South Africa’s exports of coal from the Richards Bay Coal Terminal to Europe surged more than
eight-fold in the first half of this year, according to Thungela Resources Ltd., the nation’s biggest
shipper of power-station coal.
Tesla Inc. Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk weighed in on the debate this week, saying the world
needs more oil and gas now to counter energy shortages even as it transitions to renewable power.
South Africa should consider investing in additional coal- and nuclear-generation capacity, with
backup coming from renewable energy, according to Mantashe. While options such as battery
storage or pump storage are currently expensive, they will still be considered, said Thabang Audat,
a chief director in his department.
Mantashe said a pledge made last year by developing nations to help raise $8.5 billion to help South
Africa transition to clean energy is still being discussed, and that any final decisions on how the
money should be used will be accommodative of the country’s energy needs. The availability of the
funds has become a “moving target,” he said.
The minister called for an end to the “polarized” debate on South Africa’s energy transition.
“The co-existence of various technologies” is required to meet the country’s needs, he said.

Russia :Shutdown Nord S.#1 for maintenance on Compressor
Reuters + NewBase
Russia halted gas supplies via a major pipeline to Europe on Wednesday, intensifying an economic
battle between Moscow and Brussels and raising the prospects of recession and energy rationing
in some of the region's richest countries.
The outage for maintenance on Nord Stream 1 means that no gas will flow to Germany
between 01:00 GMT on Aug. 31 and 01:00 GMT on Sept. 3, according to Russian state energy
giant Gazprom .
Data from entry points linking Nord Stream 1 to the German gas network via the Baltic Sea
confirmed flows fell to zero early on Wednesday. Data from the Nord Stream 1 operator's website
showed flows drastically down for 0300-0400 CET (01:00-02:00 GMT) from an hour earlier.
European governments fear Moscow could extend the outage in retaliation for Western sanctions
imposed on it after its invasion of Ukraine and have accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of
using energy supplies as a "weapon of war". Moscow denies doing this.
Further restrictions to European gas supplies would heighten an energy crunch that has already
sent wholesale gas prices soaring over 400% since last August, creating a painful cost-of-living
crisis for consumers and businesses and forcing governments to spend billions to ease the burden.
Unlike last month's 10-day maintenance for Nord Stream 1, the upcoming work was announced less
than two weeks in advance and is being carried out by Gazprom not Nord Stream AG, focusing on
the last operating turbine at the station.
Moscow, which slashed supply via Nord Stream 1 to 40% of capacity in June and to 20% in July,
blames maintenance issues and sanctions it says prevent the return and installation of equipment.
Gazprom said the latest shutdown is needed to perform maintenance on the pipeline's only
remaining compressor.
Yet Russia has also cut off supply to Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Poland
completely, and reduced flows via other pipelines since launching what Moscow calls its "special
military operation" in Ukraine.

"Given events over recent months, we think the market may disregard Gazprom's comments and
start to consider whether the pipeline may not return to service, or at the very least may (be) delayed
for any given reason," said Biraj Borkhataria, Associate Director of European Research at Royal
Bank of Canada.
'ELEMENT OF SURPRISE'
German Economy Minister Robert Habeck, on a mission to replace Russian gas imports by mid-
2024, earlier this month said Nord Stream was "fully operational" and there were no technical issues
as claimed by Moscow.
Klaus Mueller, president of Germany's network regulator, said while a resumption of flows would
help Germany's security of supply, no one was able to say what the consequences would be if flows
remained at zero.
Europe's largest economy is making better progress than expected in filling its gas storage facilities,
but it's not enough to get the country through winter, he said. The reduced flows via Nord Stream
have complicated efforts across Europe to fill up vital gas storage facilities, a key strategic goal to
make it through the winter months, when governments fear Russia may halt flows altogether.
"It is something of a miracle that gas filling levels in Germany have continued to rise nonetheless,"
Commerzbank analysts wrote, adding Germany had so far been successful at buying sufficient
volumes at higher prices elsewhere.
In the meantime, however, some Europeans are voluntarily cutting their energy consumption,
including limiting their use of electrical appliances and showering at work to save money while
companies are bracing for possible rationing.
At 83.26%, Germany is already within reach of an 85% target for its national gas storage tanks by
Oct. 1, but it has warned reaching 95% by Nov. 1 would be a stretch unless companies and
households drastically cut consumption.
For the European Union as a whole, the current storage level is 79.94%, just short of an 80% target
by Oct. 1, when the continent's heating season starts. Analysts at Goldman Sachs said their base
case assumption was that this outage would not be extended.
"If it did, there would be no more element of surprise and reduced revenues, while low (Nord Stream
1) flows and the occasional drop to zero have the potential to keep market volatility and political
pressure on Europe higher," they said.

NewBase September 01 -2022 Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase for discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE
Oil slides as China lockdowns stoke demand fears
Reuters + NewBase
 China's Shenzhen widens COVID-19 restrictions as cases rise
 China's August factory activity shrinks as orders weaken
 U.S. crude, gasoline stockpiles fall - EIA
 OPEC+ sees tighter market in 2022, 2023
LONDON, Sept 1 (Reuters) - Oil prices tumbled by 2% on Thursday, as new COVID-19
lockdown measures in China added to worries that high inflation and interest rate hikes
are denting fuel demand.
Brent crude futures fell $1.95, or 2%, to $93.69 a barrel by 1341 GMT. U.S. West
Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures slid $1.98, or 2.2%, to $87.57 a barrel.
"Western-world oil demand, as well as China's, is stagnant, while supplies are
expanding incrementally, largely on the back of the U.S. shale boom," said Julius Baer
analyst Norbert Rucker.
Oil price special
coverage

Asia's factory activity slumped in August as China's zero-COVID curbs and cost
pressures continued to hurt businesses, surveys showed on Thursday, darkening the
outlook for the region's fragile recovery.
Southern Chinese tech hub Shenzhen tightened COVID-19 curbs as cases continued
to mount, with large events and indoor entertainment suspended for three days in the
city's most populous district, Baoan.
The main European stocks index fell to seven-week lows on Thursday on deepening
worries about aggressive rate hikes and record-high inflation in the region.
A possible revival of a 2015 Iran nuclear deal which would allow the OPEC member to
boost its oil exports also weighed on prices.
French President Emmanuel Macron said on Thursday he hoped a deal would be
concluded in the coming days.
Recent oil market volatility has followed concerns about inadequate supply in the
months after Russia sent military forces into Ukraine and as OPEC struggles to
increase output.
OPEC's output hit 29.6 million barrels per day (bpd) in the most recent month,
according to a Reuters survey, while U.S. output rose to 11.82 million bpd in June.
Both are at their highest levels since April 2020.
Still, the oil market will have a small surplus of just 400,000 bpd in 2022, much less
than forecast earlier, according to OPEC and its partners - known as OPEC+ - due to
underproduction of its members, data from the group showed.
The group expects an oil market deficit of 300,000 bpd in 2023.
Meanwhile, U.S. crude stocks fell by 3.3 million barrels, the U.S. Energy Information
Administration said on Wednesday, while gasoline stocks were down 1.2 million
barrels.
Finance ministers from the Group of Seven group of wealthy nations will discuss the
U.S. Administration's proposed price cap on Russian oil when they meet on Friday, the
White House said.

NewBase Specual Coverage
The Energy world –September -01 -2022
CLEAN ENERGY
U.S Record numbers of solar panels shipments, d in the United
States during 2021 … source: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
U.S. shipments of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules (solar panels) rose to a record electricity-
generating capacity of 28.8 million peak kilowatts (kW) in 2021, from 21.8 million peak kW in 2020,
based on data from our Annual Photovoltaic Module Shipments Report. Continued demand for U.S.
solar capacity drove this increase in solar panel shipments in 2021.
U.S. solar panel shipments include imports, exports, and domestically produced and shipped
panels. In 2021, about 80% of U.S. solar panel module shipments were imports, primarily from Asia.
U.S. solar panel shipments closely track domestic solar capacity additions; differences between the
two usually result from the lag time between shipment and installation. We categorize solar capacity
additions as either utility-scale (facilities with one megawatt of capacity or more) or small-scale
(largely residential solar installations).
The United States added 13.2 gigawatts (GW) of utility-scale solar capacity in 2021, an annual
record and 25% more than the 10.6 GW added in 2020, according to our Annual Electric Generator

Report. Additions of utility-scale solar capacity reached a record high, despite project delays, supply
chain constraints, and volatile pricing.
Small-scale solar capacity installations in the United States increased by 5.4 GW in 2021, up 23%
from 2020 (4.4 GW). Most of the small-scale solar capacity added in 2021 was installed on homes.
Residential installations totaled more than 3.9 GW in 2021, compared with 2.9 GW in 2020.
The cost of solar panels has declined significantly since 2010. The average value (a proxy for price)
of panel shipments has decreased from $1.96 per peak kW in 2010 to $0.34 per peak kW in 2021.
Despite supply chain constraints and higher material costs in 2021, the average value of solar
panels decreased 11% from 2020.
In 2021, the top five destination states for U.S. solar panel shipments were:
1. California (5.09 million peak kW)
2. Texas (4.31 million peak kW)
3. Florida (1.80 million peak kW)
4. Georgia (1.15 million peak kW)
5. Illinois (1.12 million peak kW)
These five states accounted for 46% of all U.S. shipments.

U.S. capacity to convert waste to energy declines after
remaining steady since 1994 ….U.S. EIA, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory, June 2022
U.S. waste-to-energy (WTE) electric-generating capacity has recently started to decline after
averaging around 2,219 megawatts (MW) for 24 years, according to our June 2022 Preliminary
Monthly Electric Generator Inventory.
From 2018 to 2022, 188 MW of WTE capacity retired, and another 36 MW is expected to retire by
2027. Low electricity prices, local opposition, and continued policy concerns about emissions have
pressured WTE plant owners to close in recent years.
WTE power plants convert the combustible content of municipal solid waste (MSW) into energy.
At mass burn facilities, trash waste is unloaded from collection trucks, freight trucks, and railcars
into a storage bunker.

An overhead crane then sorts the waste and lifts it into the combustion chamber to be burned. The
heat released converts water to steam, which is routed to a turbine generator to produce electricity.
WTE plants are primarily intended as a waste management option; electricity generation is
considered a secondary benefit.
WTE plants account for a relatively small portion of U.S. electric generating capacity and are mainly
concentrated in the Northeast and in Florida. Florida has 540 MW of WTE generating capacity, the
most of any U.S. state, and New York and Pennsylvania have the second- and third-most WTE
capacity—261 MW in New York and 248 MW in Pennsylvania.
About 90% of WTE electricity generation capacity was added between 1980 and 1995, when
landfilling MSW was relatively expensive. However, in the mid-1990s, as emission concerns grew,
most existing facilities had to install air pollution control systems or be shut down, and developers
stopped building new MSW-fired electric generation.
In 2015, Florida’s Palm Beach
Renewable Energy Facility
2 became the first new WTE plant to
come online in the United States
since 1995.
In addition to emissions concerns,
the upfront capital costs of building
a new MSW combustion plant can
be significant, and the plant could
provide only limited economic
benefits when electricity prices are
low. A new plant generally requires
at least $100 million to finance
construction; larger plants can require double to triple that amount.

NewBase Energy News 01 September 2022 - Issue No. 1544 call on +971504822502, UAE
The Editor:” Khaled Al Awadi” Your partner in Energy Services
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About: Khaled Malallah Al Awadi,
Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME member since 1995
Hawk Energy member 2010
www.linkedin.com/in/khaled-al-awadi-38b995b
Mobile: +971504822502
khdmohd@hawkenergy.net or khdmohd@hotmail.com
Khaled Al Awadi is a UAE National with over 30 years of experience in the Oil & Gas
sector. Has Mechanical Engineering BSc. & MSc. Degrees from leading U.S.
Universities. Currently working as self leading external Energy consultant for the GCC
area via many leading Energy Services companies. Khaled is the Founder of the
NewBase Energy news articles issues, Khaled is an international consultant, advisor,
ecopreneur and journalist with expertise in Gas & Oil pipeline Networks, waste
management, waste-to-energy, renewable energy, environment protection and
sustainable development. His geographical areas of focus include Middle East, Africa
and Asia. Khaled has successfully accomplished a wide range of projects in the areas
of Gas & Oil with extensive works on Gas Pipeline Network Facilities & gas compressor
stations. Executed projects in the designing & constructing of gas pipelines, gas
metering & regulating stations and in the engineering of gas/oil supply routes. Has drafted
& finalized many contracts/agreements in products sale, transportation, operation & maintenance
agreements. Along with many MOUs & JVs for organizations & governments authorities. Currently dealing
for biomass energy, biogas, waste-to-energy, recycling and waste management. He has participated in
numerous conferences and workshops as chairman, session chair, keynote speaker and panelist. Khaled is
the Editor-in-Chief of NewBase Energy News and is a professional environmental writer with over 1400
popular articles to his credit. He is proactively engaged in creating mass awareness on renewable energy,
waste management, plant Automation IA and environmental sustainability in different parts of the world.
Khaled has become a reference for many of the Oil & Gas Conferences and for many Energy program
broadcasted internationally, via GCC leading satellite Channels. Khaled can be reached at any time, see
contact details above.

NewBase September 01-2022 Energy News issue - 1544 by Khaled Al Awadi (AutoRecovered)_compressed.pdf

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NewBase September 01-2022 Energy News issue - 1544 by Khaled Al Awadi (AutoRecovered)_compressed.pdf