Mobile Architecture Is The "Dwelling Decided On By The Occupant" By Way Of "Infrastructures That Are Neither Determined Nor Determining". Mobile Architecture Embodies An Architecture Available For A "Mobile Society". To Deal With It, The Classical Architect Invented "The Average Man". The Projects Of Architects In The 1950s Were Undertaken, According To Friedman, To Meet The Needs Of This Make-Believe Entity, And Not As An Attempt To Meet The Needs Of The Actual Members Of This Mobile Society.The Teaching Of Architecture Was Largely Responsible For The "Classical" Architect's Under-Estimation Of The Role Of The User. Furthermore This Teaching Did Not Embrace Any Real Theory Of Architecture. Friedman Proposed Then Teaching Manuals For The Fundamentals Of Architecture For The General Public. The Spatial City, Which Is A Materialization Of This Theory, Makes It Possible For Everyone To Develop His Or Her Own Hypothesis. This Is Why, In The Mobile City, Buildings Should : 1. Touch The Ground Over A Minimum Area 2. Be Capable Of Being Dismantled And Moved 3. And Be Alterable As Required By The Individual Occupant.

1. Mobile architecture
In 1958, Yona Friedman Published His First Manifesto : "Mobile Architecture". It Described A
New Kind Of Mobility Not Of The Buildings, But For The Inhabitants, Who Are Given A New
Freedom.
Mobile Architecture Is The "Dwelling Decided On By The Occupant" By Way Of
"Infrastructures That Are Neither Determined Nor Determining". Mobile Architecture Embodies
An Architecture Available For A "Mobile Society". To Deal With It, The Classical Architect
Invented "The Average Man". The Projects Of Architects In The 1950s Were Undertaken,
According To Friedman, To Meet The Needs Of This Make-Believe Entity, And Not As An
Attempt To Meet The Needs Of The Actual Members Of This Mobile Society.
The Teaching Of Architecture Was Largely Responsible For The "Classical" Architect's Under-
Estimation Of The Role Of The User. Furthermore This Teaching Did Not Embrace Any Real
Theory Of Architecture. Friedman Proposed Then Teaching Manuals For The Fundamentals Of
Architecture For The General Public.
The Spatial City, Which Is A Materialization Of This Theory, Makes It Possible For Everyone
To Develop His Or Her Own Hypothesis. This Is Why, In The Mobile City, Buildings Should :
1. Touch The Ground Over A Minimum Area
2. Be Capable Of Being Dismantled And Moved
3. And Be Alterable As Required By The Individual Occupant.
The Spatial City
The Spatial City Is The Most Significant Application Of "Mobile Architecture". It Is A Spatial,
Three-Dimensional Structure Raised Up On Piles Which Contains Inhabited Volumes, Fitted
Inside Some Of The "Voids", Alternating With Other Unused Volumes. It Is Designed On The
Basis Of Trihedral Elements Which Operate As "Neighbourhoods" Where Dwellings Are Freely
Distributed.
This Structure Introduces A Kind Of Merger Between Countryside And City (Compare To Paolo
Soleri's Arcology Concept) And May Span:
 Certain Unavailable Sites,
 Areas Where Building Is Not Possible Or Permitted (Expanses Of Water, Marshland),
 Areas That Have Already Been Built Upon (An Existing City),

2.  Above Farmland.
This Spanning Technique Which Includes Container Structures Ushers In A New Development
In Town-Planning. Raised Plans Increase The Original Area Of The City Becoming Three-
Dimensional. The Tiering Of The Spatial City On Several Independent Levels, One On Top Of
The Other, Determines "Spatial Town-Planning" Both From The Functional And From The
Aesthetic Viewpoint. The Lower Level May Be Earmarked For Public Life And For Premises
Designed For Community Services As Well As Pedestrian Areas. The Piles Contain The Vertical
Means Of Transport (Lifts, Staircases). The Superposition Of Levels Should Make It Possible To
Build A Whole Industrial City, Or A Residential Or Commercial City, On The Same Site. In
This Way, The Spatial City Forms What Yona Friedman Would Call An
"Artificial Topography". This Grid Suspended In Space Outlines A New Cartography Of The
Terrain With The Help Of A Continuous And Indeterminate Homogeneous Network With A
Major Positive Outcome: This Modular Grid Would Authorize The Limitless Growth Of The
City.
The Spaces In This Grid Are Rectangular And Habitable Modular "Voids", With An Average
Area Of 25-35 Square Meters. Conversely, The Form Of The Volumes Included Within The
Grid Depends Solely On The Occupant, And Their Configuration Set With A "Flatwriter" In The
Grid Is Completely Free. Only One Half Of The Spatial City Would Be Occupied. The "Fillings"
Which Correspond To The Dwellings Only Actually Take Up 50% Of The Three-Dimensional
Lattice, Permitting The Light To Spread Freely In The Spatial City. This Introduction Of
Elements On A Three-Dimensional Grid With Several Levels On Piles Permits A Changeable
Occupancy Of The Space By Means Of The Convertibility Of The Forms And Their Adaptation
To Multiple Uses.
In Yona Friedman's Own Words "The City, As A Mechanism, Is Thus Nothing Other Than A
Labyrinth : A Configuration Of Points Of Departure, And Terminal Points, Separated By
Obstacles".
Mobile Architecture. Concept Promoted By Yona Friedman And Others, Which Held That
Users Of Buildings And Settlements Should Have A Say In Plans And Changes To Them.
Architecture Would Consist Of Structural Frameworks, Infrastructures, And Services Raised
Above The Ground That Would Be Infinitely Adaptable. Such Views Influenced Thinking In
The 1960s And 1970s, Notablymetabolism.

3. Principles Mobile Architecture
Flexibility Is The Key Concept In Mobile Architecture. It Serves To Enhance The Freedom Of
Choice For The Individual, The Flexible Use Of City Space, And To Offer The City Dwellers
Grip To Give Meaning To Their Environment As Described In Ten Principles Of L’architecture
Mobile(1960). To Realize This The Future Inhabitant’s Cooperation Was Indispensable; The
Architect Would Just Be Instrumental To Work Out The Wishes Of The User. The Personalized
Units Formed The Architectural Expression. (See Also Flexible Constructions And Esthetics).
When These Units Would Be Incorporated Into Large Supporting Structures Or Space Frames,
The Networks Of Span-Over Blocks And Of The Ville Spatiale Were Created. The Structures
Were To Be Supported By Tall Columns So That They Have Little Impact On The Ground.
Cities Could Therefore Continue To Grow Without Any Increase In Land Use Or The Need To
Demolish Existing Buildings. (See Also Principles Ville Spatiale).
At The Time Belief In Scientific Progress Was Still Undiminished. Friedman Saw Great
Advantages In Keeping Urban Climate Under Control. In Contrast To Colleagues Who Saw An
Important Role For Advanced, Complex Technologies, Friedman Proposed The Idea Of Roofing
Over Streets And Courtyards Using Simple And Readily Available Materials. By Working Out
Such Ready Solutions, Friedman Sought To Underline The Feasibility Of His Ideas. (See
Also Prefabricated Constructions).
The Idea Of Mobility Also Was Twofold: It Not Only Served To Describe The Way
Constructions Would Serve The Changing Needs Of Cities And Their Inhabitants, But Also To
Show How Cities Can Have A Network Relation With Each Other, Serving As A Continent
City.

4. Figure 1 Yoan Friedmen

6. Figure 2 THE MOBILE HOME
CASE STUDY ON MOBILE ARCHITECTURE OR MOBILE HOMES
Figure 3 A SMALL KITCHEN INSIDE MOBILE HOME

8. Some Example Of Mobile Homes :-