2. Calque: Is a word or phrase in
one language whose
semantic components
(words or parts of words)
are translations from
another language, Also
known as: "Loan
translation" in
English, calcar in Spanish.
3. • A calque contrasts with a loanword, in which a
foreign word or phrase is adopted outright
without an attempt at translating the
elements, such as the English phrase "piña
colada," which is a simple borrowing of the
Spanish phrase rather than a translation of the
words (they mean "strainedpineapple").
4. • For example, the English phrase "blue blood"
is a calque of the Spanish phrase sangre azul
(sangre means "blood" and Azul means
"blue"), which at one time apparently referred
to the visible veins of fair-skinned people.
• Similarly, the Spanish rascacielo is a calque of
the English "skyscraper" (rasca means "it
scrapes" and cielo means "sky").
5. TYPES OF CALQUE
• the semantic calque, where additional
meanings of the source word are transferred
to the word with the same primary meaning in
the target language;
• the phraseological calque, where idiomatic
phrases are translated word-for-word;
• the syntactic calque, where a syntactic
function or construction in the source
language is imitated in the target language;
6. • the loan-translation, where a word is
translated morpheme-by-morpheme into
another language;
• The morphological calque, where the
inflection of a word is transferred.
• Examples: Another English calque from
Spanish is "moment of truth," from el
momento de la verdad, a bullfighting term.
7. Loan Translation (Calques)
English Spanish
Backpack
Basketball
Blackboard
Blueberry
Credit Card
Hardware
Highway
Honeymoon
Hotdog
Keyboard
Mailbox
Microsoft
Microwave
mochila
baloncesto
pizarra
arándano
Tarjeta del crédito
hardware
carretera
luna de miel
perro caliente
teclado
buzón
Microsoft
microonda
